1, Taenia solium
Representative food: raw pork. The online rumor that "there are hookworms in pork" said that some pork contained banded white material, which made people panic for a time. However, Zhou Xiaonong, director of the Institute of Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, explained that there is no such thing as pork hookworm. The real parasite of pork is the tapeworm of pork, which is often parasitic in the muscles of pigs.
If a person eats pork containing tapeworm cysticercosis, it will develop into an adult in the small intestine of the human body, and will be discharged with feces from the pregnant node (the segment where tapeworm produces eggs) or eggs; When people eat tapeworm eggs by mistake, they can develop into cysticercosis in the human body and transfer to the whole body, resulting in cysticercosis, blindness or epilepsy. Tibetans, Bai people and other ethnic minorities who have a tradition of eating raw pork are especially high-risk infected people. ?
Expert advice: to avoid infection with cysticercosis, be careful to buy "rice pork", that is, pork with cysticercosis. When you buy, you must look carefully. "Rice pork" is generally cystic, that is, there are bags the size of rice grains or soybeans in fat or lean meat. In addition, try not to eat pork from scattered pigs in rural areas, which has a relatively high probability of infection, and be careful with pork that is too cheap. From the biological point of view, at present, most parasites and microorganisms can be inactivated by high temperature treatment, and generally they can be avoided by cooking at a temperature above 80℃.
2. Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Representative food: cold snails and iced snails. Snails are the main intermediate hosts and vectors of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. In 2006, an Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection broke out in Beijing, which made 14 1 person sick. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is usually parasitic on two kinds of snails: one is Ampullaria gigas and the other is African snail. People infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis show symptoms such as fever and severe headache. In addition to the above snails, snails such as snails that residents in Jiangnan like to eat should also pay attention to preventing parasitic infection. ?
Expert's advice: If it is not properly processed, the parasites contained in the snail can't be effectively killed, so it is necessary not to use cold processing methods such as cold salad and pickling. It is best to thoroughly heat it and steam it at high temperature.
3, clonorchis sinensis, anisakis nematodes
Representative food: fresh water sashimi. Iced sashimi dipped in mustard is a delicious food in summer, but the parasite infection rate of freshwater fish is high. The average infection rate of freshwater fish Clonorchis sinensis (commonly known as clonorchiasis sinensis) in Guangdong, Guangxi, Heilongjiang and other places is higher than that in other areas.
If the water body of freshwater fish ponds is polluted by human or cat and dog feces, the eggs in the feces will escape from the miracidium and parasitize into cercaria in the snails in the fish ponds. When the cercaria enters the fish, it will form cysticercosis, which will enter the human body with sashimi and finally develop into adults in the bile duct. When adults parasitize the bile duct, people will have fever and pain in the liver area, and they will often be misdiagnosed as cholecystitis, which may even induce cholangiocarcinoma for a long time.
Eating fresh water raw fish may also be infected with anisakis nematodes parasitic on the bottom of human stomach, which belongs to a parasite of nematodes. It is white all over, eating fish with larvae and undercooked fish by mistake, and users may be infected and have severe abdominal pain or allergic reaction. ?
Expert's advice: It is difficult to identify the metacercariae of liver fluke in fish with naked eyes. The simplest way is to cook the fish thoroughly and kill the parasites before eating. Eat fresh water fish sashimi carefully in summer. Deep-sea fish can be frozen at MINUS 20℃ for more than 24 hours to avoid infection with Anisodes. In addition, there is a toilet on the fish pond, and the feces are discharged directly into the fish pond. The fish in this fish pond is highly infected, and the fish inside cannot be eaten raw.
4, sparganum
Representative food: stir-fried frog, raw rolled frog porridge. Frog is deeply loved by consumers because of its unique flavor, delicious taste and high nutritional value. However, the infection rate of Rana tigris, commonly known as "frog", is as high as 49.08%, and it is difficult to kill the sparganium by common frying and rolling methods. In some areas, frog skin is even used for beauty treatment, and it is attached to eyes and skin, causing sparganosis to infect the central nervous system through conjunctiva or skin mucosa, causing headaches, epilepsy and other symptoms. ?
Expert's advice: It is recommended to put an end to eating game, especially wild frogs and snakes. Even if you want to eat it, you should fully cook it in boiling water. Cryopreservation can also eliminate sparganium.
5, jaw nematode
Representative food: Iced eel slices, stir-fried eel. Monopterus albus is the main host of jaw nematode, and the most common human infection is eating Monopterus albus imported from Japan and Thailand. There are various aquatic fleas and freshwater fishes (including Monopterus albus, etc.) as the intermediate hosts of jaws nematodes. Under the microscope, both domestic and wild Monopterus albus are often parasitic with jaws nematodes. After being infected with oral nematodes, it will scurry around and cross the human body like a headless fly. Wherever it crosses, it will cause damage to tissues and organs, which may lead to blindness in the eyes and fatal in the brain. ?
Expert advice: eat less raw or half-baked fish, amphibians and other animals. Monopterus albus, which may be infected with oral nematodes, is heated to avoid the introduction of infectious sources.
6. Paragonimus
Representative food: spicy crayfish, drunk crab. Eating spicy crayfish in summer and drinking drunk crabs by the river have hidden the risk of parasites behind the food, and there are cases of paragonimiasis every summer. Paragonimiasis is a kind of helminth disease that people and animals suffer from. People get sick by eating raw shrimp or crab infected with paragonimiasis larvae. In addition to being mainly parasitic on human lungs, it can also be parasitic on subcutaneous and liver, causing abdominal pain, bloody stool and other symptoms. ?
Expert advice: Infection with paragonimiasis is mainly due to eating raw or undercooked shrimps and crabs, so it should be fully cooked at high temperature. ?
People's Network-If you have a mouth addiction, you must first prevent parasites.