※ A fruit a day: a fruit, weighing four or two to half a catty, looks like a tennis ball;
※ One catty of vegetables a day: both green leafy vegetables and melon vegetables are acceptable. One catty refers to the raw weight, not the weight after cooking. In this way, the vitamins and dietary fiber needed by the body are basically enough.
※ One egg a day: Some elderly people may worry that eating egg yolk will make their cholesterol too high. In fact, international academic organizations of cardiology, including the Hypertension Society, recommend that it is safe to eat less than five whole eggs a week.
※ One bag of milk a day: If you are fat, you can drink low-fat milk; If you are thin and your blood fat is not high, just drink regular milk or whole milk. If you have osteoporosis and want to take more calcium, it is safe to drink two bags a day, and it is safe for the elderly to drink 5 ml of two bags of milk a day.
※ Two or two servings of meat a day: it should be adjusted according to your body shape: if you are fat, eat less; If you are thin, you can eat two or even three ounces.
※ Two spoonfuls of oil a day: use a small porcelain spoon for soup, and one spoon is 1 grams. No matter how many dishes are fried a day, you always use these two spoonfuls of oil. Two spoonfuls of oil are basically nutritious and not too much for diabetics.
2. Exercise for diabetics: Exercise after three meals, three times a day. Every time it starts at 1 hour after a meal (counting time from the first bite). The exercise is mainly fast walking, and the exercise time is 3 minutes each time. Except those with heart disease. Based on the principle of no physical discomfort.
Third, diabetics eat fruits:
1. It is forbidden to eat fruits with high blood sugar, and cucumbers and tomatoes can be used instead of fruits;
2. You can eat fruits when your fasting blood sugar is less than 7mmol/L and your blood sugar is less than 1mmol/L 2 hours after meals, but you should pay attention to the following principles:
1) You should eat fruits with low sugar content: peaches, pears, oranges, oranges, glazes, apples, strawberries and watermelons.
2) inedible fruits: bananas, persimmons, dates, hawthorn, Siraitia grosvenorii and figs
3) Pay attention to monitoring blood sugar when eating fruits
4) Eat fruits between meals, 9-1 am, 3-4 pm or before going to bed.
5) quantity: generally eat 4 Liang (2 grams, preferably divided into 2 times), or 1 catty of watermelon with skin.
4. For patients with newly diagnosed diabetes whose blood sugar is particularly high (fasting blood sugar is more than 11.1mmol/L), short-term intensive insulin therapy is recommended. It can partially restore the damaged islet function. Under normal circumstances, 3% of islet function can meet the needs of the body. When type 2 diabetes was discovered, the islet function had dropped to about 5%. Due to high glucose toxicity and high lipid toxicity, those "living" islet β cells are inhibited and in a "dormant" state, at which time the secretion and quality of insulin (including inactive "proinsulin") are decreased. In addition, there is insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus, which leads to the continuous increase of blood sugar. After a period of treatment, after the high glucose toxicity and high lipid toxicity were relieved, those "dormant" islet β cells were awakened and resumed their normal insulin secretion ability. The quality of secreted insulin is also improved (without inactive "proinsulin"), which restores insulin sensitivity and blood sugar will soon return to normal level. Even if you don't control your diet and exercise, your blood sugar will be within the normal range in a short time. This is what we call the honeymoon period. However, if it is not strictly managed, this "honeymoon period" will be short and short-lived, and blood sugar will continue to rise soon. Because your islet function has no reserve capacity, you will soon be "exhausted" if you work hard. Therefore, I hope you will cherish this opportunity (not all diabetics have it), manage yourself strictly, eat scientifically, exercise reasonably, have a balanced nutrition and feel comfortable. I believe you will keep it for many years. My patients have kept it for more than 5 years at the longest (no medicine, close to diet and exercise). ）！
5. Monitoring and control objectives of diabetic patients:
1. Check that the fasting blood sugar is kept at 5~7mmol/L, and the blood sugar is 7 ~ 9 mmol/L 2 hours after meals;
2. Check that the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is less than 7% every three months;
3. Detect the ratio of urinary microalbumin/creatinine. If it rises, check it three times within six months, and if it exceeds normal twice, you can diagnose diabetic nephropathy. Active treatment should be taken to prevent uremia;
4. check blood lipid, blood viscosity and liver and kidney function once every six months, and give active treatment to those with abnormal indexes and adjust them within the normal range;
5. Take blood pressure regularly and keep it at 12/8mmHg；;
6. Check the fundus, carotid artery and lower extremity artery ultrasound once a year to understand the diabetic retinopathy and atherosclerosis, and actively prevent and treat it.
7. If necessary, check electrocardiogram and color Doppler echocardiography to evaluate cardiovascular diseases.
I hope it will help you and please adopt it!