Jinbuhuan is also called Panax notoginseng. The famous Chinese patent medicines "Yunnan Baiyao" and "Pianzihuang" at home and abroad are made of Jinbuhuan as the main raw material. So how do you plant gold if it doesn’t change?
1. Site selection
It is advisable to choose a well-drained gentle slope with a slope of 5 to 15 degrees, humus soil or sandy loam rich in organic matter. It is advisable to use corn, peanuts or beans as the first crop in farmland, and avoid using solanaceae as the first crop. The selected plot of land should be left idle for one to six months, and plowed multiple times to a depth of 15 to 20 centimeters to promote weathering of the soil.
Where conditions permit, you can spread grass and burn the soil before plowing the land or apply 100 kilograms of lime per acre for soil disinfection. For the last time, plow the land and apply 5,000 kilograms of fully decomposed manure and 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer per acre. Level and plow finely, and make a border with the border facing south. The width of the border is 1.2 to 1.5 meters. The spacing between the borders is 50 to 150 centimeters. The length of the border depends on the terrain. The border is 30 to 40 centimeters high. Bamboo poles or wooden sticks are used to block the perimeter of the border to prevent the border from collapsing. The border surface is in the shape of a tile back.
2. Sowing
1. Seed selection and treatment: From October to November every year, select the shade-ripened red fruits of 3- to 4-year-old plants, pick them, and put them away. Use a bamboo sieve, rub the peel off, wash and dry the surface moisture. Soak the seeds in 65% 400-fold solution of Zinc or 1000-fold solution of 50% thiophanate for 10 minutes for disinfection. Jinbuhuan seeds tend to lose their vitality after drying. Therefore, they should be sown as they are harvested or stored by stratification.
2. Sowing: Use a tool to mark the rows, sow on demand with a row spacing of 6 cm × 5 cm, then evenly spread a layer of mixed fertilizer (combined with decomposed farmyard manure or mixed with other fertilizers), and cover the border A layer of straw is used to keep the border surface moist and inhibit the growth of weeds. 70,000 to 100,000 grains per acre are used, which is equivalent to 10 to 12 kilograms of fruit. For example, covering the fields with silver-gray mulch film after sowing and watering can significantly increase production and conserve water and fertilizer.
3. Seedling management and transplanting: When the weather is dry, water should be frequently applied, accumulated water should be drained promptly after rain, and weeding should be done regularly. Topdressing in the seedling stage is generally based on phosphate fertilizer. It is usually applied 3 times, the first time in March after all the seedlings emerge, and the last two times in May and July respectively. The light transmittance of the ceiling in the seedling stage should be adjusted according to the changes in illumination in different seasons. Panax notoginseng seedlings are transplanted after one year, usually from December to January of the following year. It is required to raise seedlings, select seedlings and transplant them at the same time. When rooting, be careful not to damage the root strips and spores. When selecting seedlings, diseased, injured, and weak seedlings should be eliminated and cultivated in stages.
3. Field management
1. Weeding and soil cultivation: Jinbu is replaced by shallow-rooted plants. The root system is mostly distributed in the surface layer of 15 cm, so it is not suitable for cultivating to avoid damaging the root system. After the seedlings are unearthed, weeds on the border should be removed promptly. While weeding, if rhizomes and roots are found exposed above the ground, soil should be cultivated.
2. Watering and drainage: During the dry season, water should be poured frequently to keep the border surface moist. When watering, it should be sprayed and not splashed, otherwise it will cause the plants to lodging. During the rainy season, especially after heavy rains, accumulated water must be removed in time to prevent root rot and other diseases.
3. Set up a shed and adjust the light transmittance: Gold does not change shade. Artificial cultivation requires a shed for shade. The height of the fence is 1.5 to 1.8 meters, and side sheds are set up around the shed. Shed materials are made from local materials. Generally, wood or cement prefabricated strips are used as shed pillars, wires are drawn on top of the grids as beams, and bamboo is woven into squares to lay the shed roof cover. The amount of light transmitted through the greenhouse has a close impact on the growth and development of Jinbuhuan. If there is too little light transmission, the plants will be weak, prone to diseases and insect pests, and will have few flowers and fruits.
4. When applying top dressing, you must master the principle of "multiple times and a small amount". Generally, after the seedlings are sprouted and unearthed, plant ash is spread 2 to 3 times, with 50 to 100 kilograms per acre, to promote the strong growth of the seedlings. Apply mixed organic fertilizer (manure and plant ash 2:1) once from April to May, 2,000 kilograms per mu, and 15 kilograms of superphosphate on the seed plots. You can also topdress with water-soluble fertilizer to promote fruiting. full. After clearing the garden in winter, apply another 2,000 to 3,000 kilograms of mixed fertilizer per acre.
Jinbuhuan is suitable for a climate with warm winters and cool summers. It is not tolerant of severe cold and heat, so it is only grown in a small number of places in the southwest.