Preventing and correcting the imbalance of water and electrolyte balance; supplying sufficient nutrients to improve the nutritional status. Avoid mechanical and chemical stimuli, so that the intestinal tract to get proper rest, is conducive to the early recovery of the disease.
II. Principles of dietary treatment
(I) Dietary treatment of idle diarrhea
1. Acute fasting: Acute watery diarrhea needs to be temporarily fasted, so that the intestinal tract is completely rested. If necessary by intravenous fluids to prevent excessive water loss and dehydration.
2. Light liquid diet: without fasting, it is advisable to give light liquid diet at the beginning of the disease. Such as protein water, fruit juice, rice soup, thin noodle soup, etc., mainly salty. Early ban on milk, sucrose and other easy to produce gas fluid diet. Some patients are not adapted to milk, milk often aggravate diarrhea.
3. Adjust the diet according to the condition: the frequency of defecation is reduced, and the symptoms are relieved to a low-fat liquid diet, or low-fat, low-slag, soft and easy-to-digest semi-liquid diet, such as rice porridge, lotus root powder, rotten noodles, noodles, and so on.
4. Dietary choices: After the basic cessation of diarrhea, low-fat semi-liquid diet or soft food can be supplied. A small number of meals, in order to facilitate digestion; such as noodles, porridge, steamed bread, rotten rice, lean meat puree and so on. Still should be appropriate to limit the vegetables and fruits containing more crude fiber, etc., and then gradually transition to universal food.
5. Supplementary vitamins: pay attention to the complex vitamin B and vitamin C supplementation, such as fresh orange juice, fruit juice, tomato juice, vegetable soup.
6. Dietary contraindications: alcohol, avoid fat meat, hard and crude fiber-containing vegetables, cold fruits and vegetables, greasy snacks and cold drinks.
(B) chronic diarrhea diet
1. low-fat diet: about 40g of fat per day, too much is not easy to digest and aggravate the burden on the gastrointestinal tract, stimulate gastrointestinal motility aggravate diarrhea. Therefore, vegetable oil should also be limited, and pay attention to cooking methods to steam, boil, blanch, braise, burn, etc., and prohibit oil frying, stir-frying, slippery. Available foods are lean meat, chicken, shrimp, fish, soy products. Pay attention to less residue, crude fiber food can stimulate intestinal peristalsis, so that diarrhea aggravation, when the number of diarrhea, it is best to temporarily do not eat or try to eat as few vegetables and fruits, can be given to the fresh fruit juice, tomato juice to supplement vitamins; less residue of the diet can reduce intestinal peristalsis, alleviate diarrhea, it is desirable to eat fine pasta, congee, rice, etc..
2. High protein and high calorie: chronic diarrhea has a long duration, often recurring, affecting the digestion and absorption of food, and causing the body to store caloric energy consumption. In order to improve the nutritional status, should be given a high protein high calorie diet, and gradually increase the amount of methods, such as increasing too fast, nutrients can not be fully absorbed, but may increase the burden on the gastrointestinal tract. Protein can be supplied about lOOg / d, caloric energy 10.46 ~ 12, 55MJ (2500 ~ 3000kcal).
3. Contraindicated food: such as coarse grains, raw and cold fruits and vegetables, cold mix of Lai, leeks containing crude fiber, celery, squash, etc.; hard and indigestible meat, such as ham, sausage, cured meats, etc.; stimulating foods such as chili pepper, spirits, mustard, paprika, as well as fatty meat, crispy snacks and other high-fat foods.