The French love sports. Popular sports include football, tennis, rugby, bocce, sailing, swimming, skiing and cycling. Famous universities include the University of Paris and the University of Lyon.
Cannes International Film Festival is one of the five largest film festivals in the world. It is held every May in Cannes, a seaside town in southeastern France. It is one of the earliest and largest international film festivals in the world, lasting about two weeks. 1956 The highest award was the Golden Duck Award, which was changed from 1957 to the Palme d 'Or Award.
Scenic spots and historical sites arc de Triomphe
The Arc de Triomphe in Paris is located in the center of the Star Square (now called General de Gaulle Square) in the center of Paris. It was built by France to commemorate Napoleon's defeat of the Russian-Austrian Coalition forces in the Battle of Ostritz in February 1806. 12 The street is centered on the Arc de Triomphe and radiates around. It is magnificent and looks like a star. The Arc de Triomphe was designed by architect Shagelan. 1806 laid the foundation stone in August. It lasted for 30 years and was completed in July 1836. The Arc de Triomphe is 49.54m high, 44.82m wide and 22.2 1 m thick. It has doors on all sides, the central arch is 14.6 meters wide, and the gatehouse is supported by two high piers with an elevator in the middle. There are three corridors above the arch dome, and the highest one is the showroom, which displays various historical relics about the Arc de Triomphe and pictures of Napoleon's life. There are various French medals and medals on the second floor; The lowest floor is the security room and financial room of the Arc de Triomphe.
The Eiffel Tower is located on the south bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris. It is the first steel tower in the world and is regarded as the symbol of Paris. Named after the design and construction of the famous French architect Staffer Eiffel. Built in1887 ——1889. This tower is more than 300 meters high and its body weighs 9000 tons. It is divided into three layers. The first floor platform is 57 meters from the ground, with shops and restaurants; The platform on the second floor 1 15 meters high, with a coffee shop. The platform on the third floor is 276 meters high for tourists to overlook, and the bottom area is 654.38+0.0000 square meters. On the third floor, the building structure suddenly contracted and pointed to the sky. From one side, it looks like the letter "Y" is written backwards. The tower consists of more than 6.5438+0.8 million components and more than 2.5 million rivets. There is an elevator or walking to the top of the tower. At night, the top of the tower emits rotating color searchlights to prevent planes from colliding. A rectangular white marble pillar stands beside the tower, with a gold-plated Eiffel Tower staff at the top.
The Louvre Louvre is one of the largest palace buildings in France, located on the right bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris and on the south side of the Paris Opera Square. Originally a medieval castle, it was rebuilt and expanded many times in16th century, and18th century was the existing scale. It covers an area of about 45 hectares. As early as 1546, French King Francois I decided to build a new palace on the basis of the original castle. After the continuous expansion of nine monarchs, it lasted for more than 300 years, forming a magnificent U-shaped palace complex. On August 1793 and 10, on the anniversary of the overthrow of the monarchy, the French "National Association" decided to turn the former imperial palace into the National Museum of Fine Arts; In the same year 10, the Louvre Museum was officially opened to the public. The whole project was completed on 1857. On the west side of the main hall of the Louvre, there are two side halls, and the open space in the middle forms caruso Yi Square. There is a long colonnade on the east side of the palace, and the building is magnificent. Its 900-foot-long gallery houses a large number of works by artists from the17th century and the European Renaissance. The collection reached 400,000 pieces. The Louvre art museum is divided into six parts: the Greek and Roman art museums; Oriental Art Museum; Egyptian Museum of Art; European medieval, Renaissance and modern statue halls; Gallery of past dynasties. The exhibition is divided into different schools, different schools and different times. The sculpture is on display on the first floor. The second floor is oil painting, and the third floor is sketch and pastel. In the early 1980s, the French government implemented the "Grand Louvre Plan" to expand and repair the Louvre.
Notre Dame de Paris is the most famous medieval Gothic cathedral, which is famous for its scale, age and value in archaeology and architecture. Maurice Dexuli, Bishop of Paris, once envisaged merging two early rectangular cathedrals into one cathedral. 1 163 was laid by Pope Alexander III, and 1 189 held the dedication ceremony of the high altar. Choir, west facade, nave 1240 completed, porch and porch completed. The internal plane is 130× 48m, the roof is 35m high and the tower is 68m high. The spire was never built. After the destruction of dynasties, the church had to be rebuilt in the19th century, and only three huge round windows still retained the stained glass of13rd century. The flying buttresses in the back hall are particularly vigorous and beautiful.
The Bastille Square is located in the east of Paris, on the right bank of the Seine. It was once a military fortress built by 1369- 1382. The French original meaning of the word "Bastille" is "castle". This ancient castle has eight towering and strong fortresses, which were originally built to resist the British invasion. 1380- 1422, the castle was changed into a royal prison. The whole castle covers an area of 2670 square meters, surrounded by tall and thick stone walls and eight towers more than 30 meters high, surrounded by a deep ditch with a width of 24 meters, and a suspension bridge is set up to enter and exit. As early as16th century, political prisoners were imprisoned here, and Voltaire, a French enlightenment thinker, was imprisoned here twice. In the eyes of the French people, the Bastille has become a symbol of French feudal autocracy. 1On July 3rd, 789, the people of Paris rose up.1On June 4th, the Bastille was captured, which started the French Revolution. 179 1 year, the people of Paris demolished the Bastille, built the Bastille Square on the old site, and laid the removed stones on the Concorde Bridge on the Seine River for passers-by to trample on. 1830, the French people set up a martyr monument in the center of the square to commemorate the July Revolution. This monument to the martyrs is 52 meters high. Its body is a cylinder made of bronze, and it is called "July Column". At the top of the column is a statue of freedom with golden wings and a torch in the right hand. The broken chain in its left hand symbolizes freedom. There is a sign in front of the prison ruins, which says, "Let's dance here!" " "1June, 880, France designated July 14, when the people of Paris captured the Bastille, as the French National Day.
Panthé on is located in the Latin quarter on the left bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris. Built in 179 1, it is a temple to permanently commemorate French historical celebrities. It was originally the church of St. Genevieva built in Louis XV. 179 1 After being nationalized, it was converted into a cemetery for burying "great men". 18 14 to 1830, returned to the church. The artistic decoration of Panthé on is very beautiful, and the large murals on its dome were created by the famous painter Antoine Grothe. 1830 After the "July Revolution", the theme of painting has changed, and the Pantheon has the characteristics of "pure patriotism and nationality". Voltaire, Rousseau, victor hugo, Emile Zola, Marcelin Berthelot, Jean Rao Reith, Berlioz, malraux, Dumas and Curie were all buried in the Pantheon. As of June 5438+065438+ 10, 2002, * * * 70 people who have made extraordinary contributions to France have enjoyed this honor.
Georges Pompidou's national d 'art et de culture is located in Beaufort Street on the north side of the Latin quarter and the right bank of the Seine River. Locals usually call it "Beaufort". The exterior of the Cultural Center is lined with steel frames and pipes, and painted with red, yellow, blue, green and white colors according to different functions. Because this modern building looks like a factory, it is also called "oil refinery" and "cultural factory". This modern building with novel design and unique shape was decided by the late President Pompidou in 1969. 1972 started, 1977 was completed, and it opened in February of the same year. The whole building covers an area of 7,500 square meters, with a building area of 654.38+10,000 square meters and 6 floors above ground. The whole building is divided into four parts: industrial creation center, popular knowledge library, modern art museum and music and sound coordination research center.
Place de la Concorde is located in the center of Paris, on the north bank of the Seine. It is the most famous square in France and one of the most beautiful squares in the world. The square was built in 1757 according to the design of the famous architect Cabriel. Because there is a statue of Louis XV in the center of the square, it was named "Louis XV Square" in 1763. During the 1793 Revolution, the people of Paris rose up and destroyed the bronze statue of Louis XV and sent Louis XVI to the guillotine. At this time, it was renamed "Revolution Square". 1795 was renamed "Place de la Concorde", which was renovated by the famous architect Christopher, and finally formed its present scale in 1840. In the center of the square stands an Egyptian obelisk, which is 23 meters high and has a history of more than 3,400 years. This is a famous cultural relic that Louis Philippe moved from Luxor, Egypt in 183 1. The ancient writing on the monument records the deeds of Pharaoh Ramses II. There is a fountain on each side of the stone tablet. The exquisite carving in the pool is also the work of Hittopher. There are eight statues around the square, symbolizing eight cities that have played an important role in French history: Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, Nantes, Rouen, Brewster, Lille and Strasbourg.
The Champs Elysé es Avenue starts from the Place de la Concorde in the east and ends at the Plaza of Stars in the west, with a total length of about1.800m and its widest point of about1.20m.. This is one of the most distinctive and prosperous streets in Paris. In French, "Champs Elysé es" means "rural land". In the past, it used to be a low-lying and humid clearing. /kloc-during the reign of Louis XIV in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, trees were planted here, which became a forbidden place for court nobles to play. Later, the east-west axis of Dullery Park extended westward, and a road nearly 1km long was built here. Later, it was expanded and 1709 was named Champs Elysé es. This street is bounded by a north-south boulevard. Roosevelt, and divided into two different styles. The quiet eastern section reflects the pastoral scenery, about 700 meters long, with rows of phoenix trees green and the street garden hidden among thousands of trees. The western section is over 1 100 meters long, and there is a magnificent and famous Arc de Triomphe in the center of the starry sky square at the western end. At the east end of Concorde Square, the Bourbon Palace and Madeleine Cathedral are at the north and south ends respectively. Place de la Concorde is another transportation hub in Paris. There are also large and small exhibition palaces, Elysee Palace and other places of interest on the Champs Elysé es. Some important festivals in France-the National Day Parade and the New Year Gala on July 14 are held in this famous street.
France is mainly famous for its art and culture. In France, there are many film festivals, exhibitions and concerts for people to enjoy.
French playwright Moliere: Born on June 5th, 1622+65438. His real name is Jean-batiste Poquelin. Moliere is his stage name after he joined the troupe. Moliere lost his mother at the age of 10, and his grandfather often took him to see farce, comedy and tragicomedy. In 1950s, Moliere began to write some farce and comedies, such as Brave Man (1653). After returning to Paris from 65438 to 0658, he mainly engaged in the creation of classical comedies, and a series of works came out, such as Lovely Talented Woman (1659), Skanel (1660) and Husband's School (16/kloc-0). 1664- 1668 is the peak of Moliere's creation. The main plays are hypocrite (1664), Don Juan (1665) and Scrooge (1668). After 1668, Moliere also wrote some satires. Moliere wrote more than 30 comedies in his life. He introduced farce factors into characterization and made full use of everyday language, which made outstanding contributions to the development of comedy art. Moliere died in 1673.
Voltaire (1694-1778):18th century French enlightenment thinker, known as "the king of thought" and "the best poet in France". Voltaire, whose original name was Fran? ois-Marie Arouet, was a pseudonym. Born in a wealthy middle-class family in Paris, he received a good education since childhood. Voltaire experienced the rule of Louis XIV, XV and XVI, witnessed the decline of feudal absolutism and personally felt the decay and reaction of feudal absolutism. When he was young, he was twice imprisoned in the Bastille for publishing works against feudal aristocratic rule. 1725 After he was released from prison, he lived in England for three years. He advocated the rule of "enlightened monarch" and implemented constitutional monarchy. Voltaire wrote many works. He opposed feudal autocracy and religious superstition, advocated the principle of freedom and equality, and advocated equality before the law. His main works are: Dictionary of Philosophy, On the Customs and Spirits of All Ethnic Groups, The Age of Louis XIV, etc. He also wrote The Orphan of China, a historical drama about China.
Rousseau (17 12- 1778): French enlightenment thinker and philosopher. Born into a watchmaker's family in Geneva. Worked as a servant, secretary, tutor and scorekeeper. He advocated the establishment of a bourgeois democratic republic and thought that private ownership was the root of social oppression of people, but he did not advocate the complete elimination of private ownership. His main works are Social Contract (old translation of Civil Contract), On the Origin and Basis of Human Inequality, Confessions, etc.
Napoléon Bonaparte (1769- 182 1): French politician, strategist and emperor of the first French Empire (1808- 18 14). Born in ajaccio, Corsica. He graduated from the Paris Military Academy and served as a second lieutenant and artillery major. 1793, he made outstanding achievements in the battle of Toulon and was promoted to brigadier general. As a director, he led troops to attack Italy (1796) and Egypt (1798). 1799165438+10 A coup took place in October and an executive government was established. 1804 proclaimed himself emperor. 18 12 the war against Russia failed and the empire collapsed. Defeated at Waterloo. Exiled to St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.
Victor hugo (1802- 1885): one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature. He was brilliant and creative, and his literary career lasted for half a century. Humanism is the main thread running through his works. Victor hugo was born in an officer's family in Besancon on February 26th, 802. I went to Italy and Spain with my father when I was a child, and 18 14 settled in Paris. When he was young, he embarked on the road of striving for social progress. Notre Dame de Paris, a novel published by 183 1, shows the writer's strong anti-feudal and anti-church thoughts. 1848 When the "February Revolution" began, victor hugo had become a staunch party member and was elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly, becoming the leader of the social democratic left in the French National Assembly. 185 1 year, louis bonaparte staged a coup. Victor hugo immediately issued a declaration to resist, but failed. In February of the same year, victor hugo was forced to flee to Brussels. During his exile in 19 years, victor hugo persisted in the struggle against Charles Louis Napolé on Bonaparte dictatorship and writing. 1862 Finish the novel Les Miserables. 1870, the second French Empire collapsed and victor hugo returned to his native land. 1872 finished his last novel "93". 1885 died in Paris on May 22nd. Victor hugo followed the pace of the times all his life and was an important writer in the history of French literature. In particular, in 186 1, victor hugo was outraged when he learned that the British and French invaders had set fire to Yuanmingyuan. He righteously wrote: "The French Empire got half of the stolen goods from this victory, and now it is naive as if it is the real master, showing the glory of the plundering of Yuanmingyuan. I hope that one day France can get rid of the heavy burden, clear its guilt and return this wealth to the plundered China. "
Claude monet (1840- 1926) is a famous French artist and painter. 1840 was born in Paris and spent his childhood in Afreh. 1859, he came to Paris and saw the works of several famous early impressionist painters at that time. He admired their works, but Monet was not their follower, but a rebel. Monet doesn't care about modeling, he cares about hierarchy. It is precisely because Monet is incompatible with modeling that he can easily show what he really sees, but it is precisely because of this that he cannot show the illusion and realism of things. 1872, Monet created the world-famous Impression Sunrise. This oil painting depicts watching the sunrise through the mist in Afar Port. The painting strokes that directly poke the main points depict the unclear background in the morning fog, and various colors give the water infinite brilliance, but the inaccurate painting method makes those boats faintly visible. This painting was exhibited in the first joint exhibition of impressionist painters, which opened on March 25th. 1874. This painting is the most distinctive among Monet's paintings.
Monet became the founder of Impressionism and was recognized as a "class leader" by friends because of Monet's unshakable strong will. As we all know, impressionism means a change in the way of feeling and observation. It changed not only painting, but also sculpture, music and literature. Even today, it has not lost its influence and is still changing us.
Louis pasteur (1822- 1895) is a French microbiologist, chemist and founder of modern microbiology. Pasteur studied at the Royal College of Sang Song on 1839- 1842, and 1843- 1846, where he received his doctorate. Pasteur's research on microbial fermentation and pathogenic microorganisms laid the foundation of industrial microbiology and medical microbiology, and initiated microbial physiology. Invented the "pasteurization".
Rodin (1840- 19 17), a French sculptor and the father of modern sculpture art, was elected as the official salon in the bronze age of 1874. "Bronze Age" is a male nude sculpture based on real people, with realistic techniques. Because the statue is as big as a real person, and the muscles and bones of the human body are very realistic, it caused a sensation after the exhibition. Some people in the selection Committee even claimed that he stamped it from the body. Thanks to Boucher's defense of Rodin, he didn't suffer more vicious slander.