2. Customs of solar terms in the summer:
(1) Eating summer sheep.
"Eating sheep in summer" is a traditional custom in southern Shandong and northern Jiangsu during the summer season. After the summer, just after the third summer and before the autumn harvest, the farmers who have been busy for half a year will eat summer sheep in groups of three or five families and seven or eight families. At this time, the little goat who grew up drinking mountain spring water has eaten grass for several months, which is already tender and fragrant. This custom can be traced back to the period of Yao and Shun, and there is a saying among the local people that "Pengcheng Fu Yang has a bowl of soup, and there is no need for a doctor to prescribe it." Xuzhou people's love for eating summer sheep is nothing more than the local folk song: "Pick up the girl on June 6, new wheat cake mutton soup."
On the day of light summer, people in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province have the habit of eating mutton, which is called "eating mutton". This custom can be traced back to the Yao and Shun period, and there is a saying among the people that "Pengcheng helps sheep to have a bowl of soup, and there is no need for a doctor to prescribe it". Xuzhou people's love for eating Fu sheep is nothing more than the local folk song "Pick up the girl on June 6th, new wheat cake mutton soup"
(2) Eating new food.
There are many folk places that have the custom of "eating new things" in the summer. Farmers will cook rice with new rice to worship the gods and ancestors of grain and pray for a bumper harvest of grain after autumn. Then people happily taste new wine and so on. In some places, the newly harvested wheat is fried, then ground into flour and eaten with water and sugar. This way of eating, as early as the Han Dynasty, was more common in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Su Gong, a medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, said that fried noodles can "relieve annoyance, relieve diarrhea and strengthen the large intestine"
In the folk, people want to taste new rice after the light summer, which is the custom of "eating new food" in the light summer. In the summer season, farmers will grind the newly harvested rice into rice, and then cook the new rice into delicious rice to worship the god of the five grains and ancestors. On this day, every household will eat new rice and taste new wine. It is said that "eating new things" means "eating new things", which is the first new day after the Summer Festival. People living in cities will buy a small amount of new rice and newly listed vegetables and fruits on the summer day, and cook the new rice and the old rice at home. As the saying goes, there is also a saying that "millet is eaten in summer, and grain is eaten in summer". Our country is vast in land and abundant in natural resources, and summer is the time when everything grows, so there are the most delicious foods in season at this time. For example, the record of Kaifeng custom in the Song Dynasty in Dream of China in Tokyo says: "It's a thing of the month, a stranger's alley, and a bridge store, all of which sell big and small rice, roasted meat, dried preserved fruit, bamboo shoots in a basket, mustard melon, melon in Yitang, white peach in Weizhou, Nanjing golden peach, water goose pear, golden apricot, Xiaoyao plum, Hong Ling, Sha Jiao 'er, medicinal papaya and water. Ice and snow are the best in the old Song Dynasty, so they use silverware. Shatang mung bean, crystal soap, yellow cold dumplings, chicken head seedlings, water snow, fine ingredients, hemp-drinking chicken skin, thin bean jelly, vegetarian label, Chengshen cooked forest trap, fat hemp dumplings, Jiang Dou pot, mutton buns, turtle sand stuffing and so on. " When it is delicious and rich in season, you may wish to choose seasonal things with many benefits and easy access to dispel summer heat and quench your thirst.
(3) fast.
the fasting day of Miao people in Xiangxi is from the day before the summer heat to the day after the summer heat every year. During this period, chickens, ducks, fish, turtles, crabs and other things were fasted. It is said that eating by mistake will bring disaster, but you can still eat pigs, cattle and mutton.
(4) eat the sleeping noodles.
as the saying goes, "heat is in the dog days", and it will enter the dog days after the slight summer heat. V, which means hiding, so people should go out less to escape the heat. In diet, people will eat cool and refreshing food to spend the hot summer days.
When the wheat harvest is less than one month in China's wheat-producing areas, every family will have wheat in Man Cang. However, in the dog days, people are listless and have poor appetite, but jiaozi is a good product in traditional food to satisfy their appetite. Therefore, people wrap jiaozi with newly ground flour or eat noodles made of new white flour, and there is a saying that "the head is covered with jiaozi, and the eggs are spread with pancakes." In Shandong, some places eat raw cucumbers and boiled eggs to cure the bitter summer, and eat eggs in the morning when it is raining, and don't eat other foods. According to textual research, the custom of eating noodles in Furi appeared in the Three Kingdoms period. "Wei's Spring and Autumn Annals" records: "When you lie in the sun, you get a towel to wipe your sweat, and your face looks Jiao Ran." The soup cake here is hot soup noodles. "The Chronicle of Jingchu's Years Old" said: "The soup cake is called evil when it is eclipsed in June." May is an evil month, and June is similar to May, so it should also be "evil". You can also eat water and fried noodles in the dog days. Over the water, the noodles are cooked and boiled with cold water, mixed with garlic paste and poured with marinade, which is not only delicious, but also "frustrating". Stir-fried noodles, that is, stir-fry flour in a pot, then rinse it with boiling water and add sugar to eat it, which has the function of "relieving thirst, stopping diarrhea and strengthening the large intestine"