The most common frog is frog. Frogs have the closest relationship with humans and are the easiest to observe. In China, frogs are distributed all over the country except Xinjiang, Tibet, Yunnan and other provinces. Frogs refer to small and medium-sized species such as Rana nigromaculata and Rana aurantii in Ranidae. These frogs are about 5-8 cm long, most of them have smooth skin, and their body colors are mainly turquoise and tan, mixed with different shades of tan. Rana nigromaculata); There are black stripes and patches on the back, sides and legs; There are no black spots on the back, and the golden frog has brown side folds. The male frog has a pair of external vocal sacs next to his mouth. When they sing, they drum up and deflate rhythmically, accompanied by the sound of "ga ga ga". They can often be found in rice fields in rural areas, so frogs are also commonly known as "frogs".

As the saying goes: "Frogs are full of ponds, and rice is Man Cang." On weekdays, frogs often lie quietly in the lotus pond, grass and shallow depressions, protruding a pair of big eyes, staring at the surrounding situation quietly, waiting for an opportunity to catch any prey within the field of vision. Frogs not only feed on insects, but also protect crops. Its tongue is long and wide, with a forked front end, and its surface secretes a viscous liquid that can stick to insects. Even better, its tongue root does not grow in the throat of the mouth like other animals, but in front of the jaw, and the tip of the tongue turns to the throat. When catching insects, the tongue turns outward like a spring, then sticks to the insects sensitively and then bounces back quickly. The insect becomes a meal in the abdomen in an instant, and the whole process is about 0. 15 seconds, and the whole process can hardly be seen by the naked eye. The frog's insect catching ability and food intake are quite amazing. On average, each frog can prey on 50- 120 insects a day, and most of them are agricultural pests, such as mosquitoes, flies, borers, crickets and stinkbug.

Frogs have slender hind legs and are very good at jumping. It can act as a "propeller" when swimming. It can swim very fast when its legs are pedaling in the water. Frogs also have the habit of hibernating. In late autumn, they will hibernate in wet soil. When winter goes and spring comes, everything will revive, and the pond will certainly ring with pleasant frogs.

People don't have a very good impression of toad. They think it looks ugly, so it is commonly called "toad". In fact, toad is also a kind of frog. Bufonidae frogs are widely distributed all over the world, with more than 350 species. Their bodies are relatively fat, their limbs are thick and short, and their backs are covered with warts and barrier-like protrusions of different sizes. They are good at crawling on the ground, not jumping. There are a pair of protruding glands behind their eyes, called retroauricular glands. Because it is not as agile as a frog, the warts and glands on the back of the ear can secrete white venom to protect themselves when the enemy hurts it, which is beyond the frog's reach. The predatory behavior of toads is also very interesting. When they find insects on the ground, they will immediately stand still and stare at their prey intently. When the prey moves, they suddenly stick out their tongues and roll food into their mouths, and their ability to catch insects is no less than that of frogs.

The common toads in China are Bufo bufo gargarizans, Bufo nigromaculata and Bufo raddei. Among them, bufo gargarizans is the most widely distributed and common. Is the largest toad in China, female 12 cm. Body color varies with location, sex and season. The oval retroauricular gland at the back of the eye suddenly reaches, and the white serous fluid secreted can be made into "toad venom" after processing, which has the effect of detoxification and detumescence. Bufo melanostictus is distributed in southeast, southwest and south China of China, with a black bone ridge on its head, which looks like a black eye socket and black toes. When male toads sing, they swallow their vocal sacs, vibrate quickly and make a "giggle-giggle" sound. During the breeding season, hundreds of toads often gather in a pit, and the group of toads contend and make a lot of noise. Bufo raddei, distributed in northwest, northeast and north China, is relatively small, about 6 cm in size. The appearance looks more beautiful and lovely than other toads: the dense wart grains on the body are dotted with little red dot, and the back is covered with obvious sauce-colored spots. This kind of toad has strong adaptability to the environment and can also settle in semi-desert areas and saline-alkali marshes. During the breeding season, you can often hear the short "goo-goo-hoo" cry of male toads.

Some members of the frog seem to be between the toad and the frog, and the oriental bell toad, which is produced in northeast China and North Korea, is one of them: its green back is covered with black spots like a frog, but its rough wart grains are like toads, but in fact it belongs to a single family-the bell toad family. Beetle toad is a primitive frog in the north, which is found in Eurasia and has 1 1 species. Tongues are disc-shaped and cannot be ejected, which is their typical feature.

There are four species of oriental bell toad in China. The common oriental bell toad is about 4 cm long and its toes are as red as red nail polish. Semi-aquatic, mainly distributed in mountainous forest areas, often inhabiting streams, ditches and grass. The green color on the back is a protective color and can secrete venom. When encountering enemies, the little bell toad will also use body language to express her "feelings": she will show her red belly with bright spots on her back to warn natural enemies: "Don't touch me!"

Commonly known as frog or toad, it belongs to Amphibia and Anura in animal taxonomy. They appeared as early as Triassic and are still the most prosperous amphibians until modern times. Frogs can be found all over the world except polar regions, oceans and extremely arid deserts, with the tropical regions and the southern hemisphere being the most abundant. There are more than 3,900 species of * * * in the world, and there are more than 260 species in China. Anura has the typical characteristics of amphibians: larvae (tadpoles) have tails and no feet, live in water and breathe through gills; Adult limbs have no tail, and hind limbs are longer than forelimbs. Many species are good at jumping and breathing with their lungs or skin.

The members of Anula are collectively called frogs and toads, but there is no scientific division between the two words. In a narrow sense, they are members of Ranidae and Bufonidae respectively, but there are 27 families of Anura, and their members are all called frogs and toads. Generally speaking, those with smooth skin and slim figure are called frogs, while those with rough skin and bloated figure are called toads. In fact, some families have the characteristics of both types of members. Therefore, when people describe the animals of Anula, they are collectively referred to as "frogs". Of course, there are many more members of the frog family, but there is no doubt that the number of all wild frogs is still decreasing. Because frogs are very sensitive to environmental changes, they have always been considered as environmental indicators with early warning function. Habitat loss caused by shrinking wetlands, chemical pollution caused by extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and human hunting driven by greed and interests all threaten the survival of frogs. I hope that by knowing these lovely frog friends, more people can be aroused to pay attention to their fate.