Disciples were hungry for seven days, all of them were sallow and emaciated, and some disciples were worried because of this. But at this time, Confucius continued to study every day, and there was no end to string songs, without any complaints and worries.
Seeing that his classmates were so hungry, Zigong used his belongings to break through the tight encirclement and went outside to change a little rice, hoping to relieve everyone's hunger.
There are more people than meters, so Yan Hui and Zilu found a big pot and started cooking gruel for everyone in a broken room.
Zilu had something to leave for a while. Just then, Zigong passed by the well and turned around, just to see Yan Hui take a spoonful of porridge and send it to his mouth. Zi Gong looked a little unhappy, but instead of questioning Yan Hui, he went to the master's room.
After seeing the master, Zi Gong saluted him and asked him, "Be kind and honest, how about changing poverty into frugality?"? "Confucius replied:" What is it called being kind and honest to change the festival? "If you change your integrity when you are poor, how can you be regarded as a benevolent honest man?
Zi Gong then asked the master, "Will a man like Yan Hui change his integrity? "The master clearly answered Zi Gong:" Of course not. "Zi Gong will see Yan Hui stealing porridge and tell the master.
After hearing this, the master was not surprised. He said, "I have believed in Yan Hui's character for a long time. Although you say so, I still can't doubt him because of this incident. Maybe there is some reason. Don't talk about it. I'll ask him first. 」
Therefore, the master called Yan back and said to him, "I dreamed of my ancestors the other day. Surely it is to protect us? After your porridge is ready, I'm going to sacrifice to my ancestors first. 」
Hearing this, Yan Hui immediately respectfully said to the master, "Master, this porridge can no longer be used for offering sacrifices to ancestors. 」
Confucius asked, "Why? 」
Yan Hui replied, "When the students were cooking porridge just now, the hot air of porridge spread to the roof. After the roof was smoked, a small piece of black dust fell into the porridge. If it is in the porridge, it is not clean, so the students scoop it up with a spoon. It was a pity to dump it, so I ate it. It's disrespectful to sacrifice to our ancestors after eating porridge! 」
Confucius said, "I see. If it were me, I would eat it, too. 」
After Yan Hui quit, Confucius turned to several disciples present and said, "I don't have to wait until today to prove my trust in Yan Hui. Several disciples were deeply educated and very convinced.
2. "Confucius' Family Language" Volume 5 "Difficult situation", seeking translation Confucius was trapped in the place between Cai and Guo in Chen Guohe, with no food, no rice for seven days, and his physical strength was exhausted. He could only lie down and rest during the day.
Yan Hui didn't know where to get some rice. When he came back, he cooked the rice, which was almost ripe. Confucius saw Yan Hui grabbing the rice in the pot with his hands.
After a while, when the meal was cooked, Yan Hui invited Confucius to dinner. Confucius pretended not to see what he had just grabbed rice to eat, and got up and said, "I just dreamt about my late father. This rice is very clean. I'll sacrifice it to my father before eating it."
(You can't pay homage to the used rice, otherwise it is disrespectful to your ancestors-Cheng Jie's note) Yan Hui replied: "No way! When I was cooking just now, a little charcoal ash fell into the pot and stained the rice. If I couldn't throw it away, I grabbed it and ate it. " Confucius sighed: "people should trust their eyes, but even what they see is not necessarily credible;" People rely on their hearts, but their own hearts are sometimes unreliable.
Remember, students, how difficult it is to know a person. "The general meaning is like this.
3. Confucius went to Chen and Cai, and his followers didn't eat for seven days. The original text of Zi Gong's goods was as follows: Confucius went to Chen and Cai, and his followers didn't eat for seven days. Zi Gong surrounded the thieves with his goods, telling them about the savage, and getting a meter and a stone.
Yan Hui and Zhong Hui were cooking in a bad house, and Emo fell into the rice, but Yan Hui ate it. When Zi Gong saw it from the well, he was unhappy and thought it was stealing food. He asked Confucius, "Be kind and honest, change poverty into frugality?" Confucius said, "How can you call it benevolence and honesty if you change the festival? "Zi Gong said," If you return, will you not change your festival? Confucius said, "Of course. Zi Gong told Confucius about his meal, and Confucius said, "I believe that it is a long time to return it. Although you have a cloud, you must doubt it. Is there a reason?" You stop, I will ask.
Calling Yan Hui, he said, "If I dream of my ancestors in the past, will it help me?" If I cook and eat, I will eat. "Right:" If you want to have Amy in the rice, it will be unclean if you want to put it; If you want to abandon it, it's a pity that you can eat it back and not sacrifice it.
Confucius said, "But what? I also eat it. When Yan Hui came out, Confucius called Ersanzi, saying, "My letter has to wait until today.
"The second and third sons are thus convinced. Once, Confucius and his disciples were trapped in Chen and Cai's place for seven days without food.
Disciples were hungry for seven days, all of them were sallow and emaciated, and some disciples were worried because of this. But at this time, Confucius continued to study every day, and there was no end to string songs, without any complaints and worries.
Seeing that his classmates were so hungry, Zigong used his belongings to break through the tight encirclement and went outside to change a little rice, hoping to relieve everyone's hunger. There are more people than meters, so Yan Hui and Zilu found a big pot and started cooking gruel for everyone in a broken room.
Zilu had something to leave for a while. Just then, Zigong passed by the well and turned around, just to see Yan Hui take a spoonful of porridge and send it to his mouth. Zi Gong looked a little unhappy, but instead of questioning Yan Hui, he went to the master's room.
After seeing the master, Zi Gong saluted him and asked him, "Be kind and honest, how about changing poverty into frugality?"? "Confucius replied:" What is it called being kind and honest to change the festival? "If you change your integrity when you are poor, how can you be regarded as a benevolent honest man? Zi Gong then asked the master, "Will a man like Yan Hui change his integrity? "The master clearly answered Zi Gong:" Of course not. "Zi Gong will see Yan Hui stealing porridge and tell the master.
After hearing this, the master was not surprised. He said, "I have believed in Yan Hui's character for a long time. Although you say so, I still can't doubt him because of this incident. Maybe there is some reason. Don't talk about it. I'll ask him first. Therefore, the master called Yan back and said to him, "I dreamed of my ancestors the other day. Surely it is to protect us? After your porridge is ready, I'm going to sacrifice to my ancestors first.
Hearing this, Yan Hui immediately respectfully said to the master, "Master, this porridge can no longer be used for offering sacrifices to ancestors. Confucius asked, "Why? Yan Hui replied, "When the students were cooking porridge just now, the hot air of porridge spread to the roof. After the roof was smoked, a small piece of black dust fell into the porridge.
If it is in the porridge, it is not clean, so the students scoop it up with a spoon. It was a pity to dump it, so I ate it.
It's disrespectful to sacrifice to our ancestors after eating porridge! Confucius said, "I see. If it were me, I would eat it, too. After Yan Hui withdrew, Confucius turned to several disciples present and said, "My trust in Yan Hui doesn't have to wait until today to prove it.
Several disciples were deeply educated and very convinced.
4. Do you want a new edition of Confucius in Chen Cai? What am I doing here? Zi Gong said, "The master's way is great, so the world can't accommodate him.
Master, how can you be less derogatory? Confucius said, "Given, a good farmer can cultivate crops instead of crops, and a good worker can be skillful but not smooth. A gentleman can cultivate his way, discipline it, unify it, but not tolerate it.
Today, I don't want to repair my way, but I want to be tolerant. Give, and ambition is not far away! "Zi Gong, Yan Hui into the meeting.
Confucius said, "Hui, the poem says,' bandits kill tigers and lead them into the wilderness'. My way is not evil? What am I doing here? " Yan Hui said, "The master's way is great, so the world can't tolerate it.
Although, the master pushes it, it is not allowed to get sick, and it is not allowed to see a gentleman! It is my ugliness not to cultivate my husband's morality. The husband's road has been overhauled and not used, which is the ugliness of those who have a country.
No illness, no meeting with a gentleman! Confucius smiled happily and said, "There is a son of Yan's family! If you make more money, I will kill you. " The records of the historian Sima Qian should come from other documents he accepted.
The same thing happened in the background of "E Yu Chen Cai". However, this time, the disciples Zi Lu, Zi Gong and Yan Hui mentioned above went to the same place in turn, and accepted the same question from Confucius: "As the poem goes, bandits and tigers lead them into the wilderness.".
My way is not evil? What am I doing here? "Wang Su's comment on" bandits and tigers lead the wilderness "is:" rate, follow also. Follow the wilderness without saying anything. "
Confucius quoted this poem from his own predicament. He asked his third brother to express his true thoughts about it.
Like many stories written from the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties about Confucius getting along with his three younger brothers, Confucius' three heroes have a fixed role type and the order of talking with Confucius is also fixed. They always queue up from giving back, and often the level goes from low to high. For example, in Xunzi Zidao, Confucius asked the three sons, "What do you know?" What about the benevolent? " That conversation is the same. Perhaps this is influenced by Gongye Chang and Advanced in The Analects of Confucius, in which Confucius told his disciples to express their aspirations, and Zilu always said it first.
This conversation is not with the younger brother, but in line like an interview. Zi Lu was frank, thinking that Confucius was not good at practicing Taoism and was not understood by the public, which led to this situation.
Zi Gong is clever and flatters Confucius: You are too great for the world to hold you. But in Confucius' view, one is lack of confidence, and the other is lack of ambition, and neither of them recognizes it.
Only Yan Hui was clever, took Zigong's words, and emphasized that "it is not allowed to see a gentleman", which made the master be elated. Reading this dialogue, I feel that Confucius is not seeking understanding and relief in the face of danger, but teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and taking moral education classes according to the different characteristics of his disciples.
However, it is too neat. At the same time, three people went to see Confucius separately, but Yan Hui was able to take over Zi Gong's words, which easily made people suspect that Confucius had leaked others' answers to Yan Hui.
In other words, the story of "Yu Chen Cai" has been compiled into a chapter in the textbook. Not satisfied with the simple statement in The Analects of Confucius, Confucian scholars are also interested in "inheriting Chen Cai", which may be directly related to Taoist fighting, but it is also related to the rich material thought.
We say, "E Yu Chen Cai" is futile. Similarly, compared with many famous sayings of Confucius, such as "Where there is a will, there is benevolence, and there is no survival to harm benevolence, but there is a sacrifice to become benevolence" ("Wei Linggong"), the two words that comfort Zi Lu are hardly a statement.
However, there is a keyword "gentleman", which is the soul of the story. Of the six stories that have been quoted, the word "gentleman" is repeated in all the other five stories, except that Confucius is a hermit in Zhuangzi Samwood.
In the era of Confucius, a gentleman was not a social status, that is, he was not determined by his position; "A gentleman is useless", which means that it is not a sign of a specific ability. A gentleman is a personality with virtue, and this personality can be cultivated by his own efforts.
People with the same status and ability have different orientations and can be divided into gentlemen and villains. "The gentleman is poor, and the villain is poor." It's just the different manifestations of the two personalities under the condition of "poverty".
The Confucian conception of these stories is to shape the moral image of Confucius' master and apprentice. Not only Confucius has the consciousness of being a gentleman, but also Confucius disciples have improved their personality pursuit under the education of Nai Shi.
The theme of the story is not to make contributions and make statements, but to be virtuous.
5. Confucius died in Chen Cai, and the follower didn't eat for seven days. Zi Gong saw it from the well, but he thought it was stealing food. This is from Confucius' family language "In Eritrea". There should be something on the encyclopedia. Specifically, Confucius died in Chen Cai, and the follower didn't eat for seven days. Zi Gong took the goods, and the thief surrounded it, and told the savage, and got a stone. Confucius said, "How can you call it benevolence and righteousness if you change the festival?" Zi Gong said, "If I go back, will I not change my festival?" Confucius said, "Of course." Zi Gong told Confucius what he had eaten. Confucius said, "I believe that it has been a long time since I answered it. Although you have a cloud, you are suspicious. Is there a reason? If you stop, I will ask. "Calling Yan Hui, he said," Do you dream of your ancestors in the past, or do you enlighten me? " If I cook and eat, I will eat. "Yes, I said," If you want to put it in the rice, it will be unclean; It's a pity to abandon it. You can't sacrifice it when you eat it. "Confucius said," Yes, I'll eat it. "When Yan Hui came out, Confucius said to Ersanzi," I believe it, but I have to wait for today. "Ersanzi was convinced by this.
6. 4, B5, D6, C7, D8.( 1)(3 points) Deacons are famous all over the world/but they are only five products/but their color temperature is not angry/their articles are generous and unpretentious without complaints/this must be something to enjoy. (2) Mr. ①' s proposition is extremely grand, so no one in the world can accept it. Then who does Duke Zhou enjoy the happiness of wealth with? 4, travel: communication, communication, * * * things.
5. (1) turning point; (2) Progressive; (3) Preposition, by virtue of; (4) prepositions, because. 6. The author denies this by assuming.
7. "Being a sage" is wrong. 8. If (1) is wrong, 1 will be deducted 1 point, until 3 points are deducted.
(2)① Dao 1 min; "capacity" 1 min; Right 1 minute. ② "Who and" 1 min; "Le" 1 min; Right 1 minute.
Attachment: Every time I read "Owl" in the Book of Songs and "Jun Ying" in the Book of Books, I always secretly lament that Duke Zhou did not meet a bosom friend. When I read Historical Records, I saw that Confucius was trapped between Cai countries in Chen Guohe, and the voice of playing the piano and singing never stopped; Yan Yuan, Zhong You and other students ask and answer each other.
Confucius said: "It's not a tiger, but it's going to run around in the wilderness. Is my opinion wrong?" Why did I fall into this field? " Yan Yuan said: "Mr. Wang's proposition is extremely grand, so no one in the world can accept it;" Even so, what's the harm if no one accepts it? And no one accepts it, and then you show that you are a gentleman. " Confucius smiled gently and said, "Yan Hui, if you have a lot of property, I will take care of the accounts for you."
Although no one in the world accepted Confucius' ideas, his students were able to satisfy themselves and were so happy. Now I know that the wealth of the Duke of Zhou is really not comparable to the poverty of Confucius.
Sages like Zhao Gong and relatives like Guan Shu and Cai Shu can't understand the state of mind of the Duke of Zhou, so who does the Duke of Zhou enjoy this wealth and happiness with? However, the people who live a poor life with Confucius are all talented people in the world, and this alone is worthy of happiness. I didn't know how to read until I was seven or eight years old.
It is said that there is an Ouyang Gong in the world today, and he is just like Meng Ke and Han Yu in ancient times. Another Mei Gong traveled with Ouyang by bus and talked with him. Later, when I was old, I was able to read their articles and lyrics, want to see them as people, and expect them to get rid of the so-called happiness in the secular world, but I like saints as happy things.
At that time, I was learning to write poetry and prose, and I wanted to get a meager salary. I estimated that I could not meet you gentlemen. I have been in Beijing for more than a year, and I have never visited for advice.
This spring, scholars from all over the world gathered in the Ministry of Ritual, and Mr. Wang and Mr. Ouyang personally tested us. I didn't expect to win the second place.
Later, I heard that Mr. Wang liked my article and thought it had Meng Ke's style, and Ouyang Gong was admitted because I could not be influenced by the secular style of writing, so I stayed here. It's not the people close to me who unclog my joints first, or the relatives and friends who ask for my entrustment. People who have heard of fame for more than ten years but can't get in touch with it suddenly become bosom friends.
When I step back and think about this matter, I feel that people can't pursue wealth, and they can't stay in poverty. If a great sage can become his student, then they can rely on it. If you are lucky enough to get a temporary success, with a team of horses and chariots and dozens of followers, the small people in the alley will watch and admire him, how can it be worth this happiness?
Zuo Zhuan said: "I don't complain about the sky, I'm not a freak" because "I can spend my life calmly." Mr. Wang's reputation is all over the world, but his official position is only five products; Mr. Wang's face is gentle and there is no scowl; Mr. Wang's article is generous and simple, with no complaints.
This must be a deep interest in the way of saints. I hope to hear the teacher's teaching.