Seven leaves and one flower are mainly distributed in tropical and temperate regions, with more distribution in southwest provinces and less in north. With complex chemical constituents and strong pharmacological activity, Solidago aestivum is the main component of many important Chinese patent medicines in China, and the market demand is huge. However, at present, most of the seven leaves and one flower supplied in the market come from wild excavation, and the wild resources are increasingly exhausted and the prices are rising, but large-scale artificial planting has not yet formed. Therefore, it is of great social significance and economic value to study the growth habits and explore the artificial cultivation and management techniques of the seven-leaf flower. Details are as follows:

First, land selection and land preparation

Seven leaves and one flower are perennial herbs with shallow roots, which are often wild in the shade of forests or valleys and streams at an altitude of 500-3000 m, with moderate climate and humidity. Like fertile humus soil or acidic sandy loam, plots with poor drainage and heavy soil are not suitable for planting. At 16~20℃, the roots and aboveground parts developed well. In order to make full use of the land, we can choose sloping land or dry land under the forest with good shade and convenient irrigation and drainage, or interplant between orchards and tall crops such as corn. After the plot is selected, weeds and stones are removed, and decomposed farmyard manure of 60.0~67.5t/hm2 is evenly spread, and deeply ploughed (about 25cm) into the soil as base fertilizer. Then level the ground, furrow the border, the width of the border is about 1.2m, which is the tile back, and ditches should be made around it to facilitate drainage.

Second, reproduction.

2. 1 seed propagation

Seed propagation technology requires high requirements and takes a long time, but it can provide a large number of seedlings at relatively low economic cost. Generally, the seeds of Schizonepeta tenuifolia mature around 10. After picking, they can't be dried in the air. They should be sown with the harvest or stored in sand, otherwise they can't germinate. It takes two years for direct seeding to emerge, and the emergence rate is extremely low. In production, before sowing, gibberellin treatment or sand storage is generally adopted, which not only shortens the emergence time, but also greatly improves the emergence rate. First, select healthy plants with long growth period (more than 5 years) to keep seeds, select high-quality seeds, mix well with sand, rub them, remove pulp, wash the seeds with clear water and dry them. Layering and gibberellin treatment method: the seeds are layered in wet sand at 4℃ for 120d, then soaked in 50mg/L gibberellin for 3 days, soaked in 70% ethanol for 2-5 minutes, soaked in 0.2%HgCl210-30 minutes for disinfection and sterilization, washed with sterile water, and finally cultured in culture medium. Sand storage method: mix the seeds with loam or wet sand at the ratio of 1: 3 ~ 5, and add carbendazim wettable powder accounting for 1% of the weight of the seeds for sterilization, and put them into seedling baskets.

According to the characteristics of "secondary dormancy" of the seeds of Solidago micrantha, the seedling basket was first placed in the cellar (refrigerator) at 5~ 10℃ for about 1 month, then indoors at 18~20℃ for about 1 month, and then at 5 ~/kloc. During this period, the sand was inspected 1 time every 15d, and the humidity of the sand was kept at 30%~40%. The seeds can germinate quickly after maturity by alternating high and low temperatures twice, usually in April-May of the following year. When 50% of the seeds germinate, they can be sown and spread evenly on the nursery with sand. Nursery should be moist, fertile and convenient for irrigation and drainage. Sow the seeds evenly in the nursery according to the row spacing of1.5 cm ~ 2.0 cm×1.5 cm ~ 2.0 cm, and then cover the seeds with a layer of finely divided fertile soil of about 1cm. Few seedlings can emerge in August of that year, most of them will not emerge until May of the following year, and they can be transplanted when obvious rhizomes grow.

2.2 Rootstock cutting propagation

The propagation of flowers with seven leaves and one branch is mainly rhizome propagation. Because the rapid propagation through tissue culture has not achieved remarkable results, the traditional method, namely cutting with terminal buds, is still adopted. When harvesting in autumn and winter, dig out the rhizome from the ground, select the rhizome with good growth, no pests and diseases, no damage, cut off the node with the bud head of about 3cm, then treat the incision with plant ash or disinfectant, and cultivate it directly in the field according to the planting standard, so that seedlings can emerge in the following spring. Roots without terminal buds can also be cut off for reproduction. Besides plant ash or disinfectant, wounds can also be treated with auxin to promote rooting and germination. The treated seedlings were first transplanted to the seedbed according to the row spacing of 7cm×7cm, and then transplanted in winter according to the standard after the second year of rooting. Cover the seedbed with straw or loose hair, and pay attention to heat preservation and moisture retention. After the seedlings are planted together, remove the mulch. Rootstocks without terminal buds have no apical advantage, so dormant buds and adventitious buds germinate at the same time, and the growth of rootstocks is not as fast as that with terminal buds. At present, this method is rarely used in production.

Third, self-cultivation

Transplanting is generally carried out in winter. At this time, after the seedlings above the ground are eliminated, the root system is in a dormant state, and the root system grows faster after transplanting. The seedlings were transplanted two years after emergence, at which time obvious roots had grown. Transplanting in winter according to the row spacing of 15cm×20cm. Cut pieces with terminal buds and cut pieces without terminal buds are also transplanted according to this standard. After transplanting, thoroughly water the roots, cover them with straw or pine needles, keep warm and moist, and prevent weeds.

Fourth, on-site management

4. 1 intertillage weeding

Seven-leaf and one-flower is a shallow-rooted plant, which is suitable for growing in loose soil and should be diligent and shallow in daily management. In the first three years of seedling stage, the overground part is very fragile, so be very careful when weeding, so as not to break the overground part or hurt the roots. Generally, a small hoe is used to loosen the soil gently, so that the soil is not hardened and the air permeability is enhanced, and the weeds around the seedlings are twisted by hand. According to the growth of weeds in the field, loosen the soil and weed about 1 month/time, keep the field clean, prevent weeds from competing with Paris polyphylla seedlings for water and fertilizer, improve the ventilation and light transmission ability of seedlings, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. After two years of growth, when the plant is larger, weeding can be slightly deeper, 2~3 times a year.

4.2 shadows

Paris likes cool and humid environment and is afraid of strong light and high temperature fumigation. Shading should be done in time after seedling emergence or transplanting. Generally, shade sheds can be built, and they can also be planted under forests, vines or tall plants according to local conditions. However, it is found that the effect of other planting is not as good as that of building a shade shed, probably because the shade shed can adjust the light and temperature according to the growth characteristics of Paris polyphylla, which is more conducive to the growth of Paris polyphylla, so it grows better. The best trellis is about 2.5m, because the plants with seven leaves and one flower are relatively tall in the later growth stage, and the higher trellis is beneficial to the later plant growth and artificial management. Shading shed generally uses shading net to shade. The sunshade net has three layers, the upper two layers are fixed, and the lower 1 layer is movable, so the light quantity can be adjusted, and the sunshade rate should be between 60% and 70%. In practice, it should be adjusted according to the growth period and specific weather conditions, with 70%~80% shading at seedling stage and 50% ~ 60% shading at vigorous stage; The light is strong and dense in May and June, and the temperature is low and sparse in autumn and winter. During the growth of Hedysarum septemloba, the daily sunshine should be controlled within 2 ~ 3 hours.

4.3 Topdressing

Top dressing should be mainly potassium sulfate, superphosphate and multi-component compound fertilizer, and urea, ammonium nitrate and other nitrogen fertilizers are not recommended; Farmhouse manure should be mainly potassium fertilizer, which can only be used after it is fully decomposed. After transplanting 1 year, there is no need to apply fertilizer, or to clean manure 1~2 times, mainly to loosen the soil and weed. From the second year, fertilization is generally 3-4 times a year. After all the seedlings are planted in spring, the manure water is cleaned 1-2 times in combination with loosening soil and weeding. In July, during the vigorous growth period, apply 1 time, apply farm manure 22.5~30.0t/hm2, calcium superphosphate 120~300kg/hm2, and potassium sulfate 75~225kg/hm2. After the seedlings are turned over in June (1 1), after the box surface is cleaned, the cover bud fertilizer is applied 1 time, and 30~45t/hm2 farmyard manure is spread around the box surface seedlings, which not only protects the spores from overwintering, but also helps them grow into strong seedlings in the next year. The specific amount of topdressing should be determined according to the growth of seedlings, with fewer strong seedlings and more weak seedlings, and frequent application. Water after fertilization 1 time, or topdressing before heavy rain.

4.4 Water management

The development of Paris needs a humid environment. Generally, the annual rainfall is 850~ 1200mm, and the soil moisture is kept at 30%~40%. Therefore, in the dry season, frequent watering is needed to keep the border surface moist; When there is a lot of rain, we should dig ditches and drain water in time. If the soil has too much water content and poor ventilation, it may cause various diseases and lead to root rot and death. Throughout the growing period, cover the edges with straw or loose hair to keep moisture.

4.5 fruit picking

From July to August, seven leaves and one flower bloom. For plants without seeds, the fruit should be removed and only sepals should be kept for photosynthesis, so that nutrients can be transferred to the rhizomes and the yield of rhizomes can be greatly increased.

4.6 Pest control

The occurrence of pests in Paris is light, but there are many diseases and they spread quickly. The diseases of seven-leaf and one-flower mainly include black spot and stem rot. The occurrence of the disease is related to environmental conditions, light transmittance of shade shed, planting density, fertilization, field management and other factors. At present, the most ideal way is to take comprehensive agricultural measures supplemented by chemical methods for prevention and control. The methods are as follows: 1. Adjust the shade shed at any time, and the shade shed should cover 60%~70% of natural light. If the light transmittance of the shade shed is too high and the temperature in the shed is too high, it is easy to cause seedling drop; If the light transmittance is too low, the growth of Paris polyphylla will be obviously hindered and the yield will decrease. Second, it is necessary to remove diseased plant residues in time to prevent the spread of diseases. Third, choose pesticides with high efficiency and low residue for pest control. Fourth, it has been rotated with Gramineae crops for more than 3 years. The fifth is to clean up the dead leaves in winter, eliminate the sick and disabled, and disinfect.

V. Harvest and Processing

Seven-leaf and one-branch flowers have a long growth period, and seeds and seedlings are usually harvested in the sixth year after transplanting. If seedlings with terminal buds and rhizomes are harvested in the third year after transplantation. Pine of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis can be harvested before and after seedling dropping in autumn and before March in spring. Harvesting should be carried out in sunny days. First, the stems and leaves should be cut off, and then the roots should be excavated from the side from shallow to deep with a hoe. When digging, the roots should be kept intact as far as possible. For seeds with buds, cut off the part with terminal buds as seedlings, and the rest can be cut into 2~3mm slices, dried in the shade in a ventilated place, or dried with a small fire of about 30℃. And then bagged for storage or sale. The general yield is 7.50~8.25t/hm2, and the high-yield plot can reach 9t/hm2.