~ south Africa -600-60 1
~ Spain -84
~ France -300-379
~ Portugal -560
~ Australia -930-939
~ Austria -900-9 19
~ Chinese mainland -690-692
~ Chile -780
~ New Zealand -94
~ Romania -594
~ Italy -80-83
~ Hong Kong -489
~ Argentina -779
~ Greece -520
~ Germany -400-440
~ USA Canada -00-09
~ Singapore -888
1. The "NV" on the wine label is the abbreviation of the word "Non-Vintage", which means "no year". This means that this wine is not made from grapes picked in a single year, but from wines from different years. Such signs generally appear on champagne and other sparkling wines.
2. Abbreviation for the mixed grapes of Gehenna, Syrah and Mulwade.
3. "V.S.I.G" on the label of French wine is the abbreviation of "Vinsans indicates geography", which is a grade of French wine, that is, "no production area restriction grade". The grades of French wines can be roughly divided into AOP (grade D&; 0#39; Protection of origin), IGP (Geographical Protection Mark) and VSIG (Geographical Protection Mark).
4. Single vineyard.
5. Total income. The highest grade in the classification of German vineyards established by the German Grape Growers Association is equivalent to the first-class vineyards in France and is used in many places in Germany. The abbreviation "GG" can be seen on wine labels and bottles.
6. Germany
7. This series of numbers are marked on the labels of high-quality German wines (QbA or QmP wines), which is the abbreviation of "Amptliche Pr fungsnummer", indicating that the wine has passed the standard detection and analysis. Usually, 90% of the wine can pass this test, so it can't accurately reflect the difference in wine quality.
8.AVA is the abbreviation of American grape growing area system. AVA is implemented by BATF from 65438 to 0983. AVA system has no restrictions on grape varieties, planting, yield and brewing methods, which is the most fundamental difference between ava system and French AOC system.
9. Rome Electronic Business District.
10. It is the abbreviation of "Late Bottl ed Vi ntage", which means "late bottle of vintage port wine".
1 1. Pedro Jimenez.
12. Natural wine.
13. Youu Krikow Ponsardine.
14.nm: ngociant-manipulant, which means that wine is brewed and sold by joint brewing companies, and champagne is often brewed from purchased grapes. Rm: r coltant-manipulator, which means that wine is brewed and sold by grape farmers themselves. Contrary to the meaning of N gociant-Manipulant, the latter refers to the champagne brewed by the joint brewing company from the grapes purchased. CM:cooperative de Manipulation, a cooperative that co-brews champagne, also helps co-growers brew champagne. Growers sell wine brewed with the help of cooperatives. Ma: brand d & amp0#39; Acheteur, which means the buyer has his own brand of champagne.
15. R&D center. Actually, it is the abbreviation of "Reemment Deorge", which means "the recently precipitated yeast is discharged from the bottle mouth".
16.VQA is the English abbreviation of "quality alliance of wine merchants", which is translated into "quality alliance of Canadian wine merchants" in Chinese. VQA standard is the most important wine quality standard in Canada, and consumers can identify the quality of wine according to the origin of grapes.