"Twenty-four solar terms" is the product of ancient farming civilization, and farming production is closely related to the rhythm of nature. It is a knowledge system formed by ancient ancestors who followed the agricultural time to observe the movement of celestial bodies and realized the changing laws of one year, climate and phenology. Each solar term represents different changes in time, climate and phenology. The twenty-four solar terms express the unique concept of time between human beings and the natural universe, and contain the long-standing cultural connotation and historical accumulation of the Chinese nation. It not only plays a guiding role in agricultural production, but also affects the food, clothing, housing and transportation of ancient people, and even cultural concepts. [3][4]
After historical development, the lunar calendar absorbed solar terms of the dry calendar as a supplement to the calendar, and adjusted it to conform to the tropic year through the leap method, forming a combined calendar of yin and yang, and the "24 solar terms" became an important part of the lunar calendar. In the field of international meteorology, the 24 solar terms are known as "the fifth invention of China". 2016165438+1October 30th, 24 solar terms were officially listed in UNESCO's Representative List of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. [5][6]
Chinese name
The 24 Solar Terms
Foreign name
The 24 Solar Terms
Age of origin
ancient times
Original calendar
Sixty-year-old periodic calendar
Division basis
Stars move, shadows are measured by standard meters, and the sun's yellow meridian.
quick
navigate by water/air
The alternation of seasons
Joint time
The meaning of solar terms
Division of solar terms
Climate type
latitude
Solar term month
folk custom
Development and evolution
Value at purchase price
social influence
Solar terms culture
Protect the heritage
The origin of solar terms
China's astrology culture has a long history and is profound. The ancients began to explore the mysteries of the universe very early, and thus deduced a complete and profound star-watching culture. Twenty-four solar terms were originally formulated according to the bucket handle rotation direction of the Big Dipper, which rotates circularly and is closely related to the seasonal changes. The Big Dipper consists of seven stars, namely Shu Tian, Tian Xuan, Tianji, Tianquan, Yuheng, Kaiyang and Yaoguang. Named for its twists and turns. The Big Dipper is an important astrology in the northern hemisphere (China is located in the northern hemisphere). The natural rhythm of the corresponding area in the northern hemisphere gradually changes when the Big Dipper rotates once, so it becomes the basis for the ancients to judge the change of solar terms, that is, the so-called "bucket handle refers to the east, and the world is spring; Guide to barrel handle, it's summer in the world; Bucket handle refers to the west, and the world is autumn; Bucket handle refers to the north, and the world is winter. ". "Twenty-four solar terms" is a special festival to express the natural rhythm changes in the dry calendar and establish "December" (monthly order), which is a solar month based on "Twenty-four solar terms". One-year-old (taking photos) is divided into twelve days (made in December, made in December), and the monthly order is calculated according to the operation of the Big Dipper. The day referred to by bucket handle is called "sword fighting" (also called Jian Yue). In ancient culture, the branch and the time position of gossip are linked together, and the yin position is the root position of acquired gossip. It is the position at the end of the year and the beginning of the year, representing the end and the beginning, such as Yi Shuo Gua Zhuan: "Root, the divination in the northeast, is also the beginning of all things." That is to say, bucket handle rotates clockwise from due east to due north (yin position, gossip position the day after tomorrow), indicating a "year old" (from beginning of spring to the next beginning of spring is one year old). Silver moon said that "spring is positive", and the beginning of spring is the beginning of a year. Beginning of spring is the beginning of all things and the meaning of all self-renewal. Bucket handle, the Big Dipper, points to the establishment of the 24 solar terms, starting from beginning of spring and ending in severe cold. [7] [8] [9] [ 10]
During the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, Twenty-four Solar Terms was absorbed into taichu calendar as a supplement to the Agricultural Calendar. In the Yellow River basin, the longest day and the shortest day of the sun shadow are measured by the method of measuring the sun shadow by Tugui. Taking the winter solstice as the starting point of the "twenty-four solar terms", the winter solstice and the next winter solstice are divided into 24 equal parts, the time between each solar term is equal, and the interval between each solar term is 15 days. Whether the speed of the sun running on the ecliptic is considered in the calculation, no. The solar terms divided by the "Land Returning to the Sun Shadow Law" list the winter solstice as the first of the "twenty-four solar terms", starting from the winter solstice and ending with heavy snow. The current "twenty-four solar terms" come from a method established more than 300 years ago (1645) to determine solar terms according to the position of the sun on the ecliptic, that is, on a 360-degree circle "ecliptic" (the sun's apparent path on the celestial sphere for one year), it is divided into 24 equal parts, and each 15 is 65438. That is to say, the sun starts at 0 degrees of the yellow meridian (when the sun shines vertically on the equator), every time it advances to 15 degrees, it is a solar term, and once it runs back to the vernal equinox, it is a tropic year. The circumference of the ecliptic is 360 degrees. Every time the sun runs 15 degrees on the ecliptic, it is a solar term, and each solar term has the same degree and different time. Twenty-four solar terms are 24 time points, and when the "point" falls is the natural result of celestial movement. The solar terms divided by the "solar longitude degree method" began in the beginning of spring and ended in the great cold. [ 1