Pancreas (pancreas): a large, elongated, bunch-of-grapes-shaped gland that lies behind the stomach, between the spleen and the duodenum; its right end (the head of the pancreas) is large and downward-facing, while its left end (the tail of the pancreas) is transverse, with the tail resting against the spleen.
What is the pancreas?
The pancreas is an important organ of the human body, shaped like a large, elongated, grapevine-shaped gland that lies behind the stomach, between the spleen and the duodenum; its right end (the head of the pancreas) is large and downward-facing, and its left end (the tail of the pancreas) is horizontal, with the tail resting against the spleen.
Overview of the Pancreas
The pancreas has two parts: the pancreas, which is an exocrine gland that produces pancreatic juice; and the pancreatic islets, which are like islands in the ocean, organs made up of piles and piles of cells in the pancreas, which are endocrine glands that produce insulin. Therefore, the pancreas is the only gland in the human body that is both an exocrine and an endocrine gland, a special organ.
The exocrine fluid or pancreatic juice of the pancreas is fed into the duodenum through the pancreatic duct, which contains various digestive enzymes. Within the pancreas there are also scattered clusters of islet cells called islets or Langerhans islets. The islets of the pancreas? -cells secrete insulin, which plays a role in lowering hypoglycemia and promoting hepatic glycogen synthesis. The islets of the pancreas? -cells secrete glucagon, which promotes hepatic glycogen breakdown and raises blood glucose. Insulin and glucagon feed back on each other to control blood glucose to stabilize within a small range. If for any reason there is an absolute or relative shortage of insulin, diabetes results.
Location and structure
The pancreas is a long, flat gland (also known as the pancreas), light red in color, about 12 centimeters long and 2.5 centimeters thick, weighing about 80 grams, and is located in the posterior peritoneal cavity of the left upper abdomen, behind the stomach, and running transversely across the posterior abdominal wall at the level of the first and second lumbar vertebrae.?
The pancreas is divided into three parts: head, body, and tail. The head is dilated on the right side and is encircled by the duodenum, the body makes up the majority of the pancreas, and the caudal end is oriented to the upper left and touches the spleen. Inside the pancreas is a transverse glandular duct opening into the duodenal papilla.
The pancreas is divided into two parts: exocrine and endocrine glands. The exocrine glands consist of alveoli, which secrete pancreatic juice, and ducts, which are the channels through which the pancreatic juice is discharged. Pancreatic fluid contains sodium bicarbonate, trypsin, lipase, amylase and so on. Pancreatic juice is discharged into the duodenum through the pancreatic ducts and has a role in the digestion of proteins, fats and sugars. Endocrine glands consist of clusters of cells of different sizes? made up of pancreatic islets, which secrete insulin and regulate sugar metabolism. Each islet contains at least four types of cells: A cells secrete glucagon, B cells secrete insulin, D cells secrete growth hormone, inhibitory hormones, and PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptides.
The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. The endocrine function of the pancreas is mainly the secretion of insulin, which is an important hormone that enables the cells to utilize glucose in the bloodstream. When the blood glucose in the bloodstream rises after eating a full meal, insulin is released into the bloodstream, which allows the glucose to enter into the cells to be utilized by the cells to lower the blood glucose. The exocrine secretion of the pancreas refers to the pancreatic juice, which contains a variety of substances such as trypsin and amylase, and can act on the intestines to break down proteins and other substances.