Source: "Bielu"

Pinyin name Zhū Dǎn

The source is the gall or bile of pigs of the Suidae family. After being obtained, it is hung to dry, or When semi-dry, flatten slightly and then dry.

The original form of the animal is pork strips.

Chemical components The main components of bile are bile acids, bile pigments, mucins, lipids and inorganic substances. Among the bile acids are chenodeoxycholic acid, 3α-hydroxy-6-oxy-5α-cholanic acid and lithocholic acid, which exist almost entirely in combination with glycine. Also contains hyodocholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid.

Pharmacological effects

1 Antitussive and antiasthmatic effects

The method of anesthetizing the superior laryngeal nerve in cats to cause cough using electricity *** has been proven, and intravenous injection of bile acid Sodium (20 mg/kg) has an antitussive effect, but sodium deoxycholate and sodium taurocholate do not. In the same way, pig gall powder (0.5-1.0 g/kg) is administered into the stomach, which also has a coughing effect. The effect is most obvious 30-60 minutes after administration and lasts for about 2-2.5 hours. Fourth, bile can inhibit the excitability of the cough center. The ammonia spray method in mice has been used to prove that sodium chenodeoxycholate extracted from chicken gall has an antitussive effect, while the crude product is less effective; there are also reports that sodium chenodeoxycholate extracted from pig gall The bile acid (sodium) has a cough-relieving effect, while the compound (pig gallbladder, platycodon, pinellia, and earthworm) is more effective.

The histamine spray method in guinea pigs has been used to preliminarily show that sodium chenodeoxycholate has an antiasthmatic effect. Cholic acid (1 g/kg) was administered intragastrically for 1 hour, and then sprayed with a histamine-acetylcholine mixture. It also had some antiasthmatic effects on guinea pigs, and the compound effect was better. Using guinea pig isolated lung perfusion, bile can relieve bronchospasm caused by histamine, and sodium cholate is the effective ingredient for this antispasmodic effect. There are also preliminary reports that it has an expectorant effect on mice.

2. Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects

Blanch rabbit ears in hot water (60°C) for 1 minute to cause inflammation. After 12 hours, add 0.5 g/kg of pig gall powder. Stomach, inflammation (volume and color of rabbit ears) can subside faster than the control group, and it also has a certain anti-inflammatory effect on formaldehyde arthritis in rats. Histochemistry was used to observe the acid phosphatase staining, reticular fiber staining and liver stellate cell vital staining of the liver, spleen, adrenal glands, mesenteric lymph nodes, and preliminary observations were made. Bile seems to be able to improve anti-inflammatory ability. After sensitizing guinea pigs with horse serum (0.5 ml, *** injection for 16 days), bile acid (5 mg/kg) was injected intracardially. 7 out of 10 guinea pigs did not suffer from shock when they received horse serum and then injected again. phenomenon, while all occurred in the control group. For histamine and acetylcholine shock, if cholic acid can be injected multiple times, it is said that the occurrence of shock can also be prevented, that is, cholic acid has the effect of anti-anaphylactic shock.

3 Antibacterial effect

In test tubes, the bile of animals (pig, cow, chicken) has an inhibitory effect on B. pertussis at high concentrations, but it is not as good as Coptis chinensis in vitro. , when sheep bile is at high concentration (1:100), it has an inhibitory effect on human and bovine Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the effect of bovine bile is very poor. After taking sheep bile for 2 weeks and then inoculating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the organ lesions of guinea pigs are better than those in the control group. Seems lighter. It also has varying degrees of antibacterial effects on common bacteria in the respiratory tract. The effect of bile acid is stronger than that of the compound. In particular, pneumococci and influenza bacilli are more sensitive. No inhibitory effect on Neisseria. Black Tiger Pill (made from a mixture of pig bile and millet) used by the people to treat dysentery has varying degrees of antibacterial effects on Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli in vitro.

4 Other effects

According to early foreign reports, the sedative and antispasmodic effects of bezoar are mainly caused by the bile acid and calcium salts contained in it. Domestic scientific workers have also proven that cholic acid Ao can antagonize the convulsant effect of cocaine on mice. Experiments on rabbit lung stretch reflex have shown that intravenous injection of sodium cholate can inhibit the excitability of the respiratory center; on isolated intestines, sodium cholate has an stimulating effect (increases tone and rhythm) in small doses, but inhibits it in large doses. Bile or bile salts can stimulate bile secretion after oral administration, increase intestinal peristalsis, make fat easier to digest, promote the absorption of fat-soluble substances such as carotene, vitamin K and iron, and have a laxative effect, which can inhibit isolated frog hearts. ; Can dilate blood vessels during systemic perfusion of frogs. If injected into the blood circulation, it can cause saponin-like effects and lead to hemolysis. Large doses inhibit the heart and nerves, and have direct toxic effects on nerves and muscles.

Nature and flavor

Bitter, cold.

1 "Bielu": Slightly cold.

2 "Ben Cao Tu Jing"; Great Cold.

3. "Decoction Materia Medica": tastes bitter, salty, and cold.

Meridian return

Enters the liver, gallbladder, lung and large intestine meridians.

1 "Outline": Enter the heart.

2. "Compendium of Materia Medica": Start with the Foot Yangming Jing.

Functions and Indications

Clear away heat, moisturize dryness, and detoxify. Treats febrile diseases involving heat, dryness, thirst, constipation, jaundice, whooping cough, asthma, diarrhea, dysentery, red eyes, sore throat, tender ears, carbuncles and boils.

1. "Bielu": Cure cold, heat and thirst.

2. "Supplements of Materia Medica": For head sores in children, apply bile.

3. "Ben Cao Tu Jing": The main bone is extremely hot and overworked, typhoid fever and thirsty disease, five kinds of malnutrition in children, kill insects.

4. "Outline": It can relieve urination, apply malignant sores, kill and conceal malnutrition, treat sunburn and eye nebula, clear the heart, and cool the liver and spleen.

5. "Suixiju Diet Spectrum": nourishes gallbladder, clears away heat, treats dysentery due to heat, and relieves heat secretion. Cure epileptic disease.

Usage and Dosage: Take orally; decoction, take juice and drink 1 to 2 qian; or take it in pills and powder. External use: Apply, apply to eye or vaginal area.

Attached prescription

1. Treat typhoid fever for five or six days, and spots appear: pig gallbladder, bitter wine, three combinations each, and one chicken. The three flavors should be boiled together for three times, and the strong people should take it all. The weak people should be boiled for six or seven times, divided into two doses, and the sweat will be cured. ("Qianjin Prescription" Pig Gallbladder Soup)

2. To treat dryness in the mouth without fluid and thirst: five pieces of male pig gallbladder and one or two pieces of Dingfen (cited as trichosanthin in "Compendium"). - For the first two flavors, boil the gallbladder with wine. When the skin is rotten, add powder and grind it finely. Fry together to make a decoction. The pills are as big as a chicken head. Take two pills each time, containing Huayanjin. ("Shengji Zonglu" Pig gallbladder decoction)

3. To treat Yangming disease due to internal fluid exhaustion and hard stool, which cannot be attacked: a piece of pig bile, diarrhea juice, and a little French vinegar to irrigate the grain. In the Tao, it is like a moment of eating, when the stool comes out and the bad food is eaten. (Introduction to pig bile in "Treatise on Febrile Diseases")

4. Treat dry stool: pig bile, honey, decoct and take. ("Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine")

5. To treat Shaoyin disease, those with weak pulse, use Baitong Decoction, which will not stop the benefit, with convulsions without pulse, and those with retching and troublesomeness: four white stems of scallion, dried ginger One tael, one aconite (raw, peeled, broken into eight pieces), five parts of human urine and one part of pig bile. Take the five flavors, boil one liter with three liters of water, remove the bile and human urine, mix with the ingredients, divide the temperature and take it again. ("Treatise on Febrile Diseases" Baitong plus Pig Bile Decoction)

6. To treat yellow disease: one pig gall and one egg. ***Mix thoroughly and take at any time. If you find it difficult to take it, use it as a cake to swallow, and take it three times in a row. ("Mei's Prescription New Edition" Pig gallbladder and egg)

7. To treat thinness and cough: pig gallbladder and urine, ginger, orange peel, hazelnut and peach peel. Boil and serve. ("Compendium of Materia Medica")

8. Treatment of red eyes and fetal redness: 50% of pig gallbladder and green salt, applied to the canthus. ("Guangji Prescription")

9. To treat nebula: take a pig's gallbladder, grind it with sand (finely grind it) and make a paste in the pig's gallbladder, tie it in place, hang it in a windy place, and wait until the white clothes are like frost. Take it out, sweep it down and put it into the porcelain zygote, and then use the pillar to point it into the canthus. If you feel itchy, stop it and there will be no nebula. If it is not exhausted, point it again. ("Jifeng Puji Prescription" Pig Gallbladder Paste)

Ten remedies for sore throat: pig gallbladder, Shegan, Xuanming powder, Renzhongbai, Anemarrhena. Decoct and take. ("Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine")

⑾Cure hemorrhoids: Take the juice from seven pig gallbladders, boil it over charcoal fire to make a paste, spread it on a single paper, and wash it warmly with Sophora japonica root white bark decoction first. Then apply medicine. ("Renzhai Zhizhi Prescription" Pig gallbladder ointment)

⑿Cure decoction and burn sores: apply pig gallbladder mixed with cork powder. ("Waitai")

⒀Cure all kinds of epilepsy: one or two pinellia pinellia (wash the soup seven times), three gallbladders of wolf and pig, take the juice and soak the pinellia pinellia in porcelain, dry it in the sun, and slice it Bake and dry into fine powder. Boil noodles and pills with natural ginger juice. Take five to seven pills to ten pills each time. Decoct Ophiopogon japonicus and cook it under water. Take one pill each while lying down after eating. ("Pediatric Hygiene General Micro-Recipe" Zhudan Banxia Pills)

Each family discusses the "Compendium": Pig gallbladder is used in the family, which is cold to overcome heat, smooth to moisturize dryness, and bitter to enter the heart. , and can remove liver and gallbladder fire.

Clinical application

1 Prevention of diphtheria

Take fresh pig bile, or mix pig and fish bile, add an equal amount of sugar, and steam for 30 to 60 minutes. Children in nurseries should take 1 to 2 ml each time, and children in kindergarten should take 2 to 3 ml each time, twice a day for 4 days. If the throat swab culture is positive, take it for another 4 days every 1 month. It has been administered to 2,046 people in nurseries and kindergartens in endemic areas. After more than one year of observation, no case has developed. Among them, 320 people had throat fluid culture before taking the medicine, and 34 people were positive carriers. After reexamination 1 to 2 weeks after taking the medicine for the first time, 28 cases turned negative, and 4 cases turned negative after taking the medicine for the second time. During the same period, 4 cases among scattered children who did not take preventive medicine became ill. After three antibacterial tests, it was proved that pig bile has a certain antibacterial ability against diphtheria bacilli, but has no killing effect.

2. Treatment of acute gastroenteritis, bacillary dysentery, etc.

Use 100 ml of fresh pig bile, add 1 catties of mung bean powder, mix and stir to make pills (green bile pills). Adults take 2 to 3 cents each time, children take 3 cents each time, 3 to 4 times a day. Treated 31 cases of acute gastroenteritis, 28 cases were cured, 1 case was improved, and 2 cases were ineffective; 26 cases of bacillary dysentery, 24 cases were cured, and 2 cases were improved; 4 cases of chronic enteritis, 2 cases were cured, and 1 case was improved. 1 case was ineffective; 4 cases of pediatric simple indigestion, 3 cases were cured, 1 case improved; 8 cases of catarrhal enteritis, 1 case improved, 2 cases were ineffective; 7 cases of chronic colitis, 3 cases were cured, 2 cases were improved, and 2 cases were ineffective 2 cases; 13 cases of urinary tract infection, 12 cases were cured and 1 case improved. Those who experience dehydration must still rehydrate. In some cases, the therapeutic effect appears within 1 to 2 days of taking the medication without any side effects.

3 Treatment of whooping cough

Use pig bile powder, syrup and liquid extract, etc. Bile powder, within 6 months, 0.2 grams each time, 1 to 2 times a day; 6 Months to 1 year old, 0.3 grams each time, 2 times a day; 1 to 4 years old, 0.4 grams each time, 2 times a day; 4 to 7 years old, 0.5 to 0.6 grams each time, 2 times a day; bile flow extract, 1 ~2 years old: 1.5~2.0 ml each time, 2~4 years old: 2~3 ml each time, 4~6 years old: 3~4 ml each time, 3 times a day, after food; 7.7% pig bile syrup, 6 pieces 5 ml each time for children under 6 months old, 8 ml each time for 6 months to 1 year old, 10 ml each time for 1 to 4 years old, 13 to 15 ml each time for 4 to 7 years old, taken twice a day for 3 to 5 days. According to the treatment results of 1,215 cases, it usually takes effect 2 to 4 days after taking it, and the course of treatment is 5 to 14 days. The total effective rate is about 62 to 97%.

4 Treatment of acute infectious hepatitis

Dry and grind fresh pig bile into powder, put it into capsules, and treat 10 cases of icteric hepatitis. The dosage is based on the jaundice index, which is 10 For ~40 units, take 1 qian each time, 3 times a day; for 40-70 units, 4 qian a day, taken 3 times; for 70-100 units, 5 qian a day, taken 3 times a day. The gastrointestinal symptoms improved to varying degrees after taking the medicine for 3 days, and the food intake increased significantly after 7 days. The jaundice index returned to normal within 1 to 2 weeks, and the jaundice disappeared in an average of 9.9 days. The course of treatment is 11 to 25 days. There was no recurrence during 1 year of follow-up. Useful pig bile tablets (containing 0.2 grams of pig bile powder), 1 to 2 tablets each time, taken 3 times a day, have been used to treat 32 cases of infectious hepatitis (including 7 cases of jaundice). After treatment, subjective symptoms such as loss of appetite, abdominal distension, fatigue, and pain in the liver area were significantly improved. In 7 patients with jaundice, all jaundice disappeared after 1 week; 26 cases had hepatomegaly, 13 cases returned to normal after treatment, and jaundice shrank to varying degrees. 8 cases, 5 cases had no change; liver function test, 14 cases had before and after comparison, thymol floc test and transaminase were significantly improved after treatment.

5 Treatment of chronic tracheitis

Use fresh pig bile to heat and concentrate, dry and grind into fine powder, put into capsules, 0.5 grams each time, take 3 times a day (take with boiled water on an empty stomach) ); 143 cases were treated, 13 cases (9.03%) were recently controlled, and 35 cases (24.48%) were markedly effective. Or use 1 part of fresh bile and 2 parts of starch, mix and stir-fry evenly, grind into powder after drying and press into tablets. Each tablet contains 0.3g of pig bile, 2 to 3 tablets each time, 3 times a day, 7 days as a course of treatment. ; After treatment, 119 cases were treated, and 12 cases were markedly effective, accounting for 10%. Among them, patients with simple type have better results.

You can also use pig bile (concentrated) injection, 2 ml per ampoule (containing 3 ml of pig bile stock solution), intramuscular injection, 2 ml each time, 1 ml per day or every other day