Five dietary taboos for patients with cholecystitis: The gallbladder is the place where bile is stored, concentrated and excreted. When food containing fat and protein reaches the intestine, the gallbladder will contract and expel bile to help the digestion and absorption of fat. It also promotes the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. There are two types of cholecystitis: acute cholecystitis and chronic cholecystitis. Acute cholecystitis has symptoms such as severe right upper quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and sometimes jaundice. Chronic cholecystitis is a sequelae disease of the acute gallbladder. Patients with cholecystitis should eat a light diet and avoid following the following dietary taboos: 1. Avoid greasy chicken, duck, fish, and meat. There are many kinds of fried, deep-fried, stir-fried, and mixed dishes. The foods they eat are often greasy and rich. This high-fat, high-protein diet will greatly increase the burden on the gallbladder. In mild cases, it may manifest as dull pain, belching, bloating, anorexia, etc. In severe cases, it may cause biliary colic. 2. Avoid strong condiments. Sichuan pepper, chili pepper, pepper, curry, etc. can cause strong contraction of the gallbladder, but the biliary sphincter cannot relax, affecting the discharge of bile and hindering the digestion and absorption of fat. 3. Avoid foods that are too cold or too hot. Warm foods can relax the sphincter at the biliary opening and biliary wall, which facilitates the discharge of bile. Food that is too cold or too hot can cause spasm of the biliary sphincter, causing dull pain and colic in the gallbladder area. 4. Avoid flatulent foods. Foods that produce a lot of gas, such as soybeans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, onions, etc., often cause pain. 5. Avoid foods with high cholesterol. Most people suffering from cholecystitis are accompanied by gallstones. The main component of gallstones is cholesterol. Limiting the intake of cholesterol is beneficial to preventing the formation of stones. Animal offal, egg yolk, crab roe, animal brain, cuttlefish etc. should be fasting. Avoid drinking strong alcohol. Symptoms The clinical symptoms of cholecystitis are: (1) Many patients with acute cholecystitis develop the disease in the middle of the night after eating a greasy dinner, because a high-fat diet can strengthen the contraction of the gallbladder, and lying down makes it easy for small gallstones to slide into and become incarcerated in the cystic duct. The main symptoms are persistent pain in the right upper abdomen, exacerbation of paroxysms, which can radiate to the right shoulder and back; it is often accompanied by fever, nausea and vomiting, but chills are rare, and jaundice is mild. Abdominal examination revealed that the right upper quadrant was full, and the abdominal muscles in the gallbladder area were tense, with obvious tenderness and rebound tenderness. (2) Symptoms and signs of chronic cholecystitis are atypical. Most of the symptoms are biliary indigestion, aversion to greasy food, upper abdominal distension, belching, heartburn, etc., which are similar to ulcer disease or chronic appendicitis; sometimes due to stone obstruction of the cystic duct, the attack may be acute, but when the stone moves, When the obstruction is relieved, it improves rapidly. Physical examination and treatment (1) General therapy For acute and chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder removal is currently the most effective method. 1. Non-surgical therapy: It can also be used as preoperative preparation, including: a. Gastric tube decompression for bed rest, fasting, and abdominal distension; b. Replenish fluids to correct imbalances in water, electrolytes and acid-base balance; c. Antispasmodic and analgesic; d. Intravenous combined use of effective antibiotics, such as gentamicin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cephalosporin, etc., is effective in 80%-85% of early cases. 2. Surgical therapy 1. Acute cholecystitis: It is generally recommended to undergo active medical treatment for 12 to 24 hours, and elective surgery will be performed after symptoms subside. 2. Chronic cholecystitis: Whether there are stones or not, the gallbladder should be surgically removed because it has lost its function and is an infection focus. 3. Dietary therapy In addition to drug and surgical treatment for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, nutritional therapy has a certain auxiliary role. Especially in the stage of pain relief and post-operative health recovery, the requirements of nutritional therapy and the principles of dietary therapy cannot be ignored as follows: (1) The overall purpose of nutritional therapy is to reduce or relieve the patient's pain and prevent the occurrence of stones by controlling fat intake. Severe patients in the acute attack stage should fast and various nutrients can be replenished intravenously; when they can eat, they should avoid fat and irritating foods, and can eat a liquid diet containing high carbohydrates in the short term. As the condition gradually improves, low-fat semi-liquid or low-fat soft rice with less residue can be given. Eat small, frequent meals every day, but still limit meat and fatty foods. Chronic cholecystitis should be given a high-protein, high-carbohydrate, moderately fat-restricted diet with sufficient calories and rich in vitamins. (2) There must be enough heat energy to meet the needs of the patient. If the patient is overweight, a low-calorie diet should be given to help the patient lose weight. Low-calorie diets should also contain less fat to meet the fat restriction requirements for patients with gallbladder disease. The general daily supply of calories is 7531.2~8368 joules (1800~2000 kcal).

(3) For patients with chronic cholecystitis, in order to maintain good health, increase appetite, promote gallbladder contraction and facilitate gallbladder emptying, the proportion of protein in the diet should be increased as much as possible. The daily protein supply is 1 to 1.2 grams per kilogram of body weight, but excessive intake of cholesterol along with protein should be avoided. (4) Since fat can cause the diseased gallbladder to contract and cause severe pain, it should be strictly restricted during the attack period. The daily fat supply should be less than 40 grams or fasting. After the condition improves, you can eat in moderation. (5) When consuming a carbohydrate-based liquid diet, the primary nutrient is sugar. Sufficient carbohydrates can be given, 300 to 350 grams per day, especially during the attack period, intravenous supplements should be given. (6) Provide a rich variety of vitamins, especially vitamin B and K. (7) Avoid irritating food and alcohol. (2) Acute cholecystitis ⒈ General treatment: bed rest, easy-to-digest liquid diet, avoid greasy food, fasting in severe cases, gastrointestinal decompression, intravenous supplementation of nutrients, water and electrolytes. ⒉ Antispasmodic and analgesic drug treatment: Atropine 0.5mg or 654-2 5mg intramuscular injection; Vitamin K 38-16mg intramuscular injection; meperidine or other analgesic drugs, such as morphine should not be used. ⒊ Antibacterial treatment: ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole; aminoglycoside or cephalosporin antibiotics can also be used. It is best to choose antibiotics based on bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test results. ⒋ Choleretic: Shudantong, anti-inflammatory choleretic tablets or liver-clearing choleretic oral liquid can be used after the attack is relieved. ⒌ Surgical treatment: If necrosis, suppuration, perforation, or impacted stones occur, surgical treatment should be performed promptly, including cholecystectomy or cholecystostomy. (3) Chronic cholecystitis ⒈ Surgical treatment: Those with chronic cholecystitis accompanied by gallstones should undergo cholecystectomy. Surgery is generally performed electively 2 months after the onset of cholecystitis, which can reduce adhesions around the gallbladder and gallbladder edema. ⒉ Comprehensive treatment: low-fat diet, oral choleretic drugs, such as magnesium sulfate, anti-inflammatory and choleretic tablets, liver-clearing and choleretic oral liquid, choleretic hormone, etc.; use of ursodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and cholestasis Stones can be dissolved by substances such as minerals; those with parasitic infections should be treated with deworming. , there may be mild tenderness or percussion pain in the gallbladder area; if the gallbladder has hydrops, a round, smooth cystic mass can often be palpated. Dietary treatment 1. General measures (1) Fasting should be done during an acute attack of biliary colic, and nutrition can be supplemented intravenously. (2) After the chronic or acute attack is relieved, you can eat a light liquid diet or a low-fat, low-cholesterol, high-carbohydrate diet. Daily fat intake should be limited to 45 grams, mainly animal fats, and an appropriate amount of vegetable oil (which has a choleretic effect) can be supplemented. Cholesterol should be limited to less than 300 mg per day. Carbohydrates should be 300 to 30 grams per day. The amount of protein should be appropriate. Too much can stimulate bile secretion, and too little is not conducive to tissue repair. (3) Provide rich vitamins, especially vitamin A, vitamin C, B vitamins and vitamin E, etc. (4) An appropriate amount of dietary fiber can stimulate intestinal peristalsis and prevent the onset of cholecystitis. (5) Drinking a large amount of beverages is beneficial to bile dilution. You can drink 1500 to 2000 ml per day. (6) Small and frequent meals can repeatedly stimulate gallbladder contraction, promote bile discharge, and achieve drainage purposes. (7) Avoid irritating food and alcohol. (8) For reasonable cooking, it is advisable to use cooking methods such as boiling, soft-roasting, stewing, steaming, steaming, braising, stewing, and stewing. Avoid using stir-frying, frying, and pan-frying. High-temperature oils contain cleavage products such as acrolein, which can stimulate the biliary tract and cause acute attacks of biliary spasm. (9) The temperature of food is appropriate. Food that is too cold or too hot is not conducive to the discharge of bile. 2. Food selection for cholecystitis (1) Choose fish, lean meat, milk, soy products and other foods containing high-quality protein and relatively low cholesterol content, and control the intake of animal liver, kidney, brain or fish roe and other foods. (2) Ensure the supply of fresh vegetables and fruits. Green leafy vegetables can provide necessary vitamins and appropriate amounts of fiber, which should be ensured. Foods such as yogurt, wild vegetables, and brown rice are also beneficial to patients. (3) Reduce the intake of animal fats, such as fat meat and animal oils, and increase the intake of vegetable oils such as corn oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, and soybean oil appropriately. (4) Avoid eating highly irritating foods such as chili, curry, mustard greens, alcohol, coffee, and strong tea. Health care 1. Diet taboos for patients with cholecystitis: After a person eats, fat and gastric acid stimulate the small intestinal mucosa to produce cholecystokinin, causing the gallbladder to contract and discharge bile into the small intestine to participate in the digestion and absorption of fat.

If the gallbladder and bile duct mucosa is inflamed, the bile duct is blocked, and bile sweat is not discharged smoothly, the absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins will be affected. At the same time, the ratio of cholesterol to bile salts in bile sweat changes, and the cholesterol concentration increases, making gallbladder and bile duct stones prone to occur. After eating fat, the gallbladder contracts and pain occurs in the right upper quadrant, or even severe pain, nausea, etc. Therefore, patients with cholecystitis should limit the amount of oil they eat, to 20 to 30 grams per day during the acute phase, and to 50 to 60 grams during the recovery period, and avoid eating fatty meats. The diet should be light and easy to digest. Avoid eating peppers, onions, radishes and other highly irritating foods that contain crude fiber. Avoid small meals and large meals. Eat small and frequent meals and drink plenty of soup to promote the secretion of gallbladder and sweat. Excretion; avoid eating gas-producing and odorous fruits, vegetables and beans to avoid aggravating abdominal distension. The onset of acute cholecystitis is closely related to bile stasis and bacterial infection. Most pathogenic bacteria enter the gallbladder retrogradely from the intestine through the common bile duct, and a few pass through the portal vein system to the liver and then flow into the gallbladder with bile. Chronic cholecystitis is partly caused by the prolongation of acute cholecystitis, but most of them have no history of acute attacks. About 70% of patients are accompanied by stones, which block bile secretion and cause gallbladder inflammation. Cholecystitis itself is not serious, but cholecystitis is still prone to relapse after cure, and cholecystitis can easily cause other diseases (pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, obstructive Jaundice, etc.) Therefore, once you have suffered from cholecystitis, you must pay attention to your life and diet to try to prevent acute cholecystitis (especially in patients with chronic cholecystitis). For cholecystitis patients with gallstones, laparoscopic gallbladder surgery is recommended Resection surgery is the only way to cure cholecystitis. Patients with cholecystitis have many dietary taboos and should fast during an acute attack of cholecystitis. After the condition stabilizes, they can gradually resume their diet, take oral anti-inflammatory and choleretic tablets, and intravenously inject antibiotics.... Recovery Patients with stage 1 should pay attention to the following diet: 1. Eat small meals frequently, 5-6 meals per day is appropriate 2. Eat mainly light and soft foods, which are easy to digest 3. Try not to eat cold, spicy, greasy, and sticky foods. Don’t eat meat, greasy food, and eggs. 4. Control the intake of protein and fat (should be 1/3 of a healthy adult) 5. Quit smoking and drinking 6. Overeating is strictly prohibited... Although acute cholecystitis Most are caused by gallstones, but their pathological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Cystic duct obstruction generally causes increased mucus secretion in the gallbladder, and bile components including bile salts, phospholipids, and even cholesterol can change, causing mucosal inflammation. Arterial inflammation may occur in the later stages. Obstruction and ischemia. Except for a few cases, acute cholecystitis is not caused by bacterial infection. The positive rate of bile culture from gallbladders surgically removed within a few days of the onset is less than 33%. At least 95% of cases of acute cholecystitis Patients with gallbladder stones. Controlling diet can prevent acute attacks of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, because fatty foods can promote the production of cholecystokinin and enhance the contraction of the gallbladder. If the sphincter at the biliary orifice cannot relax in time to allow bile to flow out, symptoms may occur. Feeling of discomfort in the abdomen. Therefore, during the acute attack of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, fatty foods should be fasted and high-carbohydrate liquid diets such as porridge should be adopted instead of full meals. Whether in the attack or resting phase of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, it is advisable to eat less cholesterol-rich foods such as animal offal, egg yolks, etc. However, vegetable oil has a choleretic effect and can be taken without restriction in cases where there is no obstruction of the common bile duct or in the quiescent stage of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Many fruits are beneficial to people's health. The large amounts of vitamins and various nutrients in fruits can improve people's appearance, strengthen their bodies, and prolong their lives. A latest survey in the United States also found that women who eat more oranges can prevent and reduce the occurrence of cholecystitis. This also reminds everyone from the opposite side that although living conditions are constantly improving, gatherings between relatives and friends are also gradually increasing. Many people have many opportunities to "eat big meals" during festivals, and eat big fish and meat frequently. Overeating and obesity have become the main causes of gallstones and other stone diseases. Some men who are often busy with social activities, nightlife, and long-term business trips may even develop kidney stones. Experts believe that people around the age of 40 generally have varying degrees of stones in their bodies, but small stones can generally be gradually excreted through their own excretion function. As long as you pay attention to a reasonable diet, most of the pain of stones and the pain of surgery can be avoided. Specially effective prescriptions have been officially released to cholecystitis patients nationwide free of charge, and the "China Cholecystitis Disease Rehabilitation Project" has been fully launched. Kong's Qingdan Decoction has created a new milestone in the radical cure of cholecystitis without surgery. In 2009, it was the first choice prescription for the treatment of cholecystitis, allowing everyone to A patient with cholecystitis bids farewell forever to the era when "cholecystitis can only be treated with surgery"!