Leek can be directly sown with dry seeds, soaked in warm water to accelerate germination, and sown when the seeds are white. Before sowing, deeply plough the soil, apply base fertilizer, and sow 4~5 kg per mu. Water and fertilize after sowing, and weed artificially immediately after emergence to remove diseased plants. Greenhouse planting should maintain a suitable temperature and pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Pick leek flowers in time, stop watering and fertilizing before harvesting, and harvest in sunny morning. Harvesting tools should be clean, hygienic and pollution-free.

First, preparation before broadcasting

Dry seeds can be used for direct seeding (mainly spring sowing). You can also soak the seeds in warm water at 30~40℃ for 8~ 12 hours, remove impurities and shriveled seeds, clean the mucus on the seeds, wrap them with wet cloth, put them in an environment at 15~20℃ to accelerate germination, rinse them with clean water 1~2 times a day, and sow the seeds 50 times when they turn white.

Second, soil preparation and fertilization

1. Soil preparation: Before sowing, the soil should be deeply ploughed below 20cm, and the ridges and furrows can be leveled by combining fertilization and raking after ploughing. Where conditions permit, high ridges can be planted to facilitate drainage, and flat ridges can also be planted.

2. Fertilization: In combination with soil preparation, 5000~6000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 6 kg of urea, 0/0 kg of calcium phosphate/kloc or mixed fertilizer converted according to this ratio are applied per mu.

Third, sow.

1, sowing time: After the soil is thawed, the autumnal equinox can be sown at any time, generally from late March to early May, spring sowing is appropriate, and summer sowing should be done sooner than later.

2. Sowing amount: 4~5 kg per mu. Transplanted seedlings in the open field1.5 ~ 2kg.

3. Sowing method: Before sowing, part of the soil on the border should be cleared (screening sowing and covering), and then leveled with a shallow hoe. First pour the bottom water once, about 3.3 cm deep, and then pour the water about 3.3 cm deep after the water seeps down. Sow seeds evenly after water seepage, then cover the soil about 1.5 cm, and rake it flat the next day to keep the topsoil loose and moist, which is beneficial to seed germination and excavation. After sowing, cover with plastic film to keep moisture. When more than 30% of the seeds emerge, remove the plastic film in time to prevent the seedlings from being burned. If the seedlings are found to be naked and lodging, add some moist soil.

Fourth, post-broadcast management.

1. Top dressing with water: 2-3 times accelerated nitrogen fertilizer with water content, and 6-8kg urea per mu. Generally, it is not harvested before planting to promote the rooting of leek seedlings and reach the standard of strong seedlings when planting.

2. Standard for strong seedlings: generally, the seedling age is 80-90 days, the seedling height is15-20 cm, and there is no disease or lodging per plant.

3. Weeding: Weeding manually immediately after emergence to remove diseased plants. Herbicides such as quizalofop-p-ethyl and gaicao can be used to control monocotyledonous weeds, or 30% herbicide control EC per mu100-150g can be used to spray water on the ridge before emergence.

V. Colonization

1, planting time: spring seedlings should be planted from summer to the future, and summer seedlings should be planted before and after the summer heat. Staggering the high-humidity season during planting is not conducive to the slow growth of leeks after planting.

2. Planting method: leek seedlings, short fibrous roots (only 2-3 cm left) and short blade tips (leaf length 10 cm). Row spacing in the ridge 18 ~ 20cm, hole spacing 10cm, 7~ 10 seedlings per point, suitable for ditching leek, row spacing 30 ~ 36cm, ditch depth 16 ~ 20cm and hole spacing 16cm.

Intransitive verb Tian Tuan management

1. temperature management: after the greenhouse is sealed, keep it at 20~24℃ during the day and 12~ 14℃ at night. When the plant height is above 10 cm, keep 16~20℃ during the day, and release fresh air to reduce humidity when the indoor temperature exceeds 24℃. In winter, the small arch shed cultivation should strengthen the heat preservation and keep it above 6℃ at night.

2. Fertilizer and water management: after planting, when new roots and leaves appear, topdressing can be used for watering, with topdressing urea of 65,438+00-65,438+05 kg per mu and 4 leaves at seedling stage, water control should be carried out to prevent overgrowth, and intertillage weeding should be strengthened. When root jumping occurs at the beginning of the 6th leaf stage analysis (the analyzed rhizome is above the original rhizome), sand, soil compaction or soil covering can be used to prevent the roots from being exposed to the soil surface. When the seedling height is 20 cm, stop topdressing and watering to prepare for harvesting. After the crops are harvested, they are harvested once each time, and the fertilizer is applied once. When the plant height is 10 cm after harvest, the available nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in combination with soil cultivation, and 8 kg more urea should be applied per mu. It's cold, stop watering and water it once before freezing.

Seven, pest control

1, prevention and control principle: according to the principle of prevention first and comprehensive prevention, adhere to the harmless prevention and control principle of agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention first and chemical prevention second. No pesticides with high toxicity, high residue and high toxicity (teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic) and their mixed pesticides prohibited by the state shall be used.

2. Agricultural control: strengthen intertillage weeding, clear fields, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and enhance disaster resistance.

3. Physical control: use sugar and wine vinegar to trap and kill adults, and prepare sugar, wine, vinegar, water and 90% trichlorfon crystal solution at the ratio of 3: 3:1:10.5, which can be added at any time to trap and kill various fly pests.

Eight, chemical control

1, leek maggot

① Spraying pesticides on the ground. Sprinkle 2.5% trichlorfon powder along the ridge at the peak of adults, 2-2.6 kg per mu, or 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or 200% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate at 9- 1 1 000 times in the morning, so as to increase pests by 75%.

② Root irrigation. The damage of flies started at the peak (early April and early spring, late autumn of 65438+10/early October), and drug root control was carried out. 1. 1% matrine powder is 2-4 kg per mu, water 1000-2000 kg, or 500 times of 50% phoxim EC or 400-500 ml of water per mu 1 000 kg, and root1. Root irrigation method. Peel the topsoil near the leek root, spray it on the leek root with a sprayer with the nozzle removed, and cover the soil immediately after spraying.

2. Leaf miner

Spraying 75% fenvalerate 5000-7000 times or 2.5% bougainvillea bougainvillea, 20% bougainvillea bougainvillea or other pyrethroid pesticides 1500-2000 times.

3, thrips

Spraying 1000 times of 50% phoxim EC, 4000 times of 10% pyridone or 3000 times of 30% diethyl ether or 2.5% deltamethrin pesticide at the peak of larvae.

4. Gray mold

① Smoking method: use 45% chlorothalonil-hydantoin smoke agent, 260-300g per mu 1 10g or 10% pythium smoke agent, divide it into 5-6 places, light it at night, close the cabin and smoke it overnight.

② Application method: use 6.5% Wanmeiling powder, per mu 1 kg, 7 days 1 time. Spray twice in a row.

(3) Powder fog method: spray 50% Sukeling wettable powder 1000 times or iprodione wettable powder 1000- 1600 times or 65% Thiopodium wettable powder 1000 times twice a day.

5. Epidemics

① Grey method: the same grey model.

② Spraying 750 times of 25% metalaxyl wet powder or 600 times of 50% metalaxyl copper wet powder or 72% urea manganese zinc wet powder or 600 times of 60% ethyl phosphate aluminum succinate wet powder for root irrigation or spraying, spraying 1 time, 10 day, and using alternately for 2-3 times.

6. rust

At the initial stage of the disease, 15% fenxiuning wettable powder 1000- 1500 times solution or 25% Fendiluo EC 3000 times solution, 1 times solution is about 10 day, and it is sprayed twice continuously, or diniconazole and triazole are used.

Nine, timely harvest

In the year of sowing, it is important to raise roots and strengthen seedlings without harvesting. If there is leek, it should be removed in time. When leeks grow to about 25 cm, they can be harvested. Choose a sunny morning to harvest. When harvesting, the knife should be 2-4 cm from the ground, and the incision should be yellow. The incision should be neat and consistent, and it is usually harvested once every 20-25 days. Tools used in the harvesting process should be clean, hygienic and pollution-free.