The planting technology of sweet potato
Cultivation management
1. Cultivation season due to the long growing period of sweet potato, so the northern region should be sown as early as possible. Open field sowing can be carried out immediately after the late frost. Shandong and other places in mid to late April. Sowing a little late, the lack of growing period greatly affects the yield.
2. The whole soybean potato long growing period, fertilizer needs, the growing period should not be many times fertilizer, in order to prevent improper fertilization caused by the blackening of the potato skin, affecting the quality. So it should be reapplied basal fertilizer. Before winter, combined with deep turning every hectare of rotted base fertilizer 60,000 to 75,000 kg, plus grass grass ash 1500 to 2250 kg. Harrowing, leveling, and making a 100-150 wide flat bed.
3. Sowing sweet potato seeds with solid seed coat, before sowing with 30 ℃ warm water immersion 3 ~ 4 hours, placed in 25 ~ 30 ℃ under the condition of germination. When the buds first emerge that is sown.
When sowing, open a ditch according to 50 row spacing, ditch depth of 5 to 6 cm, ditch sprinkle compound fertilizer, 150 to 225 kg per hectare, soil and fertilizer mix, ditch watering. Wait for the water to seep down, in the ditch every 3 to 4 centimeters to sow 1 seed. After sowing, cover the soil with 3 to 4 centimeters. Covered with mulch when possible.
4. Field management
(1) Seedling, seedling replenishment, breaking the film out of the seedlings 12 to 15 days after sowing seedlings out of the ground. The first pair of basal leaves appeared after the inter-seedling, replenishment, so that the seedlings spacing for 15 cm, and the film tie holes, leading seedlings out of the film, in the seedling base of the film cover tightly pressed.
(2) plowing, cultivation late May when the seedling height of 7 to 8 cm, remove the film, watering fertilizer. When the surface of the soil is slightly dry, it is plowed to loosen the soil to preserve moisture. Combined with plowing, hoeing, cultivation. The soil between the rows will be cultivated to the plants in two times, making a small high ridge, the height of the ridge is 15 to 18 cm. To be bracketed after stopping plowing cultivation.
(3) plant adjustment Seedling height of 15 cm, bracket. Bracket more with bamboo poles, can be supported into a "human" frame or hedge frame, frame height of about 2 meters. Artificial lead vine on the shelf. During the growth period, timely removal of lateral vines and buds, inflorescences, in order to save nutrients, to promote the expansion of tuberous roots. When the plant grows to about 20 sections, the main vine climbed to the top of the frame, centering, control top growth, promote tuber formation.
(4) watering, fertilizer Watering the first water after uncovering the film, keep the soil dry and wet, every 5 to 7 days a water. After the appearance of inflorescences on the ground, the tuberous potato into the expansion period, should increase watering, keep the ground moist, every 3 ~ 5 days a water. Remove water in time during the rainy season to prevent waterlogging.
In the case of sufficient basal fertilizer, after uncovering the film, chase urea once, 225 to 300 kg per hectare. After the emergence of inflorescence, every 20 days or so after a compound fertilizer, 225 to 300 kg per hectare, *** chase 2 to 3 times. Fertilizer should be a little farther away from the plant, to prevent the impact of tuber quality.
(5) Harvest Under the premise that the ground is not frozen, the growing period should be appropriately extended to improve production. Shandong region in the cool frost before the mid-October to early November harvest. The yield per hectare can reach 30,000 to 45,000 kilograms.
Note: This species is a poisonous plant included in the China Plant Atlas database, and its toxicity is the seeds are poisonous. People can die of poisoning if they eat 5 or 6 seeds, and there are often reports of children being poisoned by accidental ingestion. After eating a few minutes to hours after dizziness, nausea, dry mouth, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, numbness of the limbs, severe screaming, cyanosis of the lips, respiratory difficulties, cold limbs, a sharp drop in blood pressure, protruding eyeballs, pupil narrowing, disappearance of the light reflex, convulsions to coma and death. The seeds can also poison fish and kill insects.
High-yield cultivation
First, the soil selection of jicama's edible part of the underground tuberous roots, you should choose a deep layer of soil, medium fertility, dry sandy loam is good.
Second, fine ground preparation, adequate basal fertilizer after the harvest of the previous crop, deep plowing 25 ~ 30 cm, per mu into 500 kg of grass ash, pig manure 1000 kg. 15 days before sowing, the soil will be broken up and raked flat, made 1.2 ~ 1.3 meters wide raised beds, border ditch depth of 25 cm or so, in order to facilitate drainage.
Third, sowing due to the long growing period of sweet potatoes, so the northern region should be sown as early as possible. Row spacing 20 ~ 25 cm, each hole seed 3 ~ 4, after sowing and then covered with grass ash, the amount of seed per mu 2.5 kg or so. Sweet potato seed seed skin solid, before sowing with 30 ℃ of warm water soaked 3 ~ 4 hours, placed in 25 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ temperature germination. When the buds first emerge that is sown.
Fourth, timely inter-seedling, reasonable fertilization 15 days after sowing seedlings out of the ground. The first pair of basal leaves appeared after the inter-seedling, replenishment of seedlings, each hole to stay 1 to 2 seedlings, the final seedling 1. Will film hole, lead seedlings out of the film, at the base of the seedlings will be tightly pressed film cover, replenishment should be timely. Choose a cloudy day to transplant the seedlings with soil mass. Seedlings should be timely loosening and weeding and fertilizer, every loose soil, watering a human urine, to promote its early development, to the middle of June when the tuberous root expansion reapplied a fertilizer. In case of drought, pay attention to watering.
V. Rectification and erection when the sweet potato seedlings grow to 30 cm high, each hole insert a small bamboo, adjacent sweet potato seedlings tied together to let the vine climb on the shelf. When the vine grows to more than 1 meter high to hit the top, so as not to consume nutrients. Bean potatoes in addition to the seeds, each section of the lateral branches and inflorescences appearing to be removed in a timely manner, retaining its leaves, in order to photosynthesize, otherwise it will affect the expansion of bean potato tubers, reduce yield and quality.
Six, timely harvesting of sweet potatoes sown 4 months after the tuber has expanded, you can start harvesting, but this time the yield is not high, in order to seek yield, it is appropriate to delay 1 month harvesting. But if the harvest is too late, it will make the quality decline. Therefore, it should be harvested at the right time.
Plant adjustment technology
Appropriate adjustment of sweet potato plant can increase yield, specific adjustment technology points are as follows: sweet potato stem and leaf growth and tuber development and flowering pods have a close relationship, in order to make the tuber hypertrophy to obtain high yield, but also can be pods to stay in the seed, plant adjustment should be carried out, the plant adjustment of the sweet potato, including playing side vines, picking and buds and so on. There are many side vines of sweet potato, and timely removal can reduce nutrient consumption, so side vine removal should be carried out frequently. Hearting is usually carried out at about 20 leaves to control top growth and promote tuber formation. For cool potatoes that are not kept for seed, all flower buds should be removed early to save nutrient consumption. If the plant is reserved for seed, the first inflorescences can be removed, the second inflorescences to retain a part of each inflorescence to leave the basal one-third to one-half of the buds for pods to be reserved for seed.
Introduction to jicama
The jicama, also known as mangkwang, saguaro, cool potatoes, soil melon, ground radish, Hubei, Guizhou, most places called the groundnut, Hainan is called Ge yam (also written as?), the potato, the potato, the potato, the potato, the potato, the potato, the potato, the potato and the potato, the potato. Ge yam (also written as "sweet potato") In the past, Fujian and other places called it Pan Ge (huan kua, meaning the same as the exotic specialty plus the? Fan? expressed). Our country Sichuan, Hubei, Chongqing area and Taiwan Province cultivation more.
Jicama belongs to the legume family Jicama genus can form roots of cultivated species, annual or perennial twining herbaceous vines. Bean potato tuber fat round, conical, skin, flesh are white, no core, crisp and juicy, rich in sugar and protein, but also rich in vitamin C. Can be eaten raw, can also be cooked, in short, very tasty. Seeds and stems and leaves containing rotenone (C23H22O6), highly toxic to humans and animals, can be made into dichlorvos and other insecticides.
Leguminosae (Leguminosae) annual twining herbs. Also known as ground radish, cool potato. To the root for food. Distributed in tropical America and tropical Asia. It is widely cultivated in China south of the Yangtze River, with more production in Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei and other places.
Potato beans in the north can also be cultivated, but the area is smaller, is a rare vegetable ranks.
Taro and sweet potato, are very starchy food, similar varieties, taro is China's old species, sweet potato is a new species from overseas. In form, yam nearly round, sweet potato more long. Taro larger, sweet potato smaller. Sweet potato flavor, sweet potato itself tasteless. Dictionary" information, Jin Dynasty JI Han "southern grasses and trees" contained in the? Sweet potato? According to the agronomist Ding Ying, it is the sweet potato of Dioscoreaceae ( ). However, the sweet potato of the family Cyclophyllaceae is also known as sweet potato. Classification is done by subject.
Characteristics of sweet potato
Stout, twining, herbaceous vine, slightly hairy, sometimes slightly woody at the base. Roots tuberous, fusiform or oblate, generally about 20-30 cm in diameter, fleshy. Leaves pinnately compound with 3 leaflets; stipules linear-lanceolate, 5-11 mm long; stipules awl-shaped, ca. 4 mm long; leaflets rhombic or ovate, 4-18 cm long, 4-20 cm wide, irregularly lobed from the middle upwards, lobes small, acute, the sides of the lateral leaflets extremely unequal, only slightly hairy below. Racemes 15-30 cm long, with 3-5 flowers per node; bracteoles setaceous, caducous; calyx 9-11 mm long, tightly adherent hirsute; corolla light purple or reddish, flag petals suborbicular, 15-20 mm long, with a yellowish-green patch and 2 callose appendages near the base at the center, 2 semicircular, erect auricles above the petal stipe, pterostilbene petals falcate, with a linear, downward-facing auricle at the base The lobes are subfalcate, 1.5-2 cm long; the stamens are dimorphic, 1 free to the flagellum; the ovary is covered with pale yellow hirsute hairs, the style is curved and the stigma is located on the ventral surface below the tip. Pods strap-shaped, 7.5-13 cm long, 12-15 mm wide, flattened, covered with slender strigose hairs; seeds 8-10 per pod, subangular, 5-10 mm long and wide, flattened. Flowering in August, fruiting in November.
The edible value of jicama
Value profile
Jicama edible part of the fat tuber, rich in sugar, protein, it is determined that each kilogram of tuber contains 810 ~ 880 grams of moisture, 76 ~ 119 grams of carbohydrates, and a number of minerals, vitamins and so on. Its flesh is white, tender and crisp, sweet and juicy, can be eaten raw, cooked, and can be processed into kudzu powder, cool and remove heat effect.
The starch content in the old mature tuber is high, and can be extracted to make starch. Seeds and stems and leaves contain ichthyone (C23H22O6), toxic to humans and animals, can be used to make insecticides.
The tuberous roots of jicama are resistant to storage and can regulate the supply of vegetables. India and Southeast Asian countries also eat its young pods. Its seeds and stems and leaves contain rotenone, toxic to humans and animals, can be extracted insecticides.
Nutritional analysis
1. Jicama edible part of the fat tuber, rich in water, carbohydrates, rich in sugar, protein, and some minerals, vitamins, etc.;
2. Can be processed into sago powder, can play a cooling effect to remove heat.
Therapeutic effect
Can be eaten raw, cooked, processed into a kudzu powder, there is a cooling effect.
Jicama anti-tumor protein
From the seeds of jicama after a specific method of purification to isolate a new jicama anti-tumor protein. Soybean antitumor protein has inhibitory activity against hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and melanoma.
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