A, the definition of rape: rape, also known as oil cabbage, bitter cabbage, Latin name: Brassica napus L. Cruciferae, Brassicaceae, native to our country, its stem color dark green, help as cabbage, belong to Cruciferae cabbage varieties, the flowers are yellow. Agronomy will be the seeds of plants containing oil in a number of species collectively referred to as oilseed rape. Brassica juncea L., Brassica napus L., and Brassica napus L..

Second, the growth habit of rapeseed: rapeseed is a long sunshine crop, like cool or warmer climate, rapeseed throughout the reproductive period is in the average daily temperature of 22 ℃ below the completion of the temperature is higher than 3 ℃, rapeseed in order to germinate seedlings, due to the differences in climate between the regions, resulting in different seasons of rapeseed planting, and thus there are winter rapeseed and spring rapeseed points. The season of oilseed rape planting is different due to the difference in climate between regions. When the lower limit of average temperature is 10℃ and the lower limit of average temperature of the coldest month is -5℃, canola can still overwinter safely, and areas with such climatic conditions can plant winter canola. The Yangtze River Basin provinces in southern China, with cold winters and warm and humid springs, are suitable for planting winter canola, and the middle- and late-maturing varieties with strong winter characteristics need to undergo 15-30 days of vernalization at a low temperature of 0-5℃ after the emergence of the seedling in order to show the buds, Flowering, fruit, winter rape in the fall sowing harvest in late spring; average winter temperature of 0 ~ 10 ℃, the warmest average daily temperature of 20 ℃ below the cold areas can be planted in spring rape, spring rape varieties of low-temperature requirements are not very strict, can be sown in the fall and summer harvest, can be sown in the spring and summer, summer and fall harvest, the northern part of Europe, North America, Canada, as well as northeastern China, Northwest China, the Tibetan Plateau, etc., the climate of the winter is dry, the summer cool and wet, long sunshine, day and night. The climate in northern Europe, North America and Canada, as well as in northeastern China, northwestern China and the Tibetan Plateau, is dry in winter, cool and humid in summer, long sunshine, and a big difference in temperature between day and night, which is suitable for planting spring rape. Rapeseed is not very strict on soil requirements, in sandy soil, clay, red and yellow loam and other kinds of soil, as long as the use of correct farming methods and reasonable cultivation techniques, you can get high yield. Oilseed rape can grow and develop within the range of soil pH5~9.8, and the highest yield is cultivated in the soil with pH7. Mustard-type rapeseed has a developed root system, strong drought tolerance, and can be cultivated under the conditions of poor soil fertility and dry climate. Oilseed rape is extremely sensitive to boron response, soil boron deficiency will lead to dead seedlings, dead buds or flowers but not solid.

Three, the world distribution of oilseed rape: India, Canada, Australia, Ukraine, the European Union member states and so on.

Four, the Chinese distribution of rapeseed: Chinese rapeseed is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Basin area, Northwest China, North China, and the Yangtze River Basin provinces (districts), for the biennial crop. They are sown and nursed in the fall and harvested in May of the following year. The annual rape sown in spring and harvested in fall is mainly distributed in southwest Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia.

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