We call Chinese cabbage "Guaerbai", but it is called "stomach dish", which is the first time we have heard of it. There are many kinds of Chinese cabbage, which are classified according to their shapes: round head, pointed head and flat head; According to maturity classification: there are early-maturing, middle-maturing and late-maturing varieties; According to the season, there are: spring cabbage, summer cabbage, autumn cabbage, winter cabbage and so on. If you want to grow Chinese cabbage well, the cultivation methods and field management are different in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Here, I will make a detailed introduction on the open field cultivation of overwintering cabbage, as follows:
The cultivation cost of overwintering open-field Chinese cabbage is low, and the products have few organ diseases and insect pests. It can be supplied to the vegetable market in the Spring Festival and March-April, and the cultivation has certain economic value.
One: the variety selection of winter cabbage determines its yield, so it is necessary to choose winter cabbage varieties suitable for the local winter climate. Varieties must have the characteristics of strong cold resistance, low overwintering and long growth period. Two: sowing time overwintering cabbage should be sown in time to obtain high yield. The early sowing date leads to poor plant growth, and the stress resistance of cabbage entering maturity early decreases, which has an adverse effect on its overwintering; If sowing is too late, the plant is just in the growth state of semi-bract leaves, which is easy to bolting by vernalization, resulting in no economic value. So the planting time is: the winter temperature in the north is low, and it is usually planted in early August; The frost-free period north of the Yangtze River is short, and it can be planted in mid-September. Our Liangping is usually planted in the middle and late September. But as long as the ground temperature is above 17 degrees, seedlings can be raised. Grasping the planting time correctly, the plants are not compact before overwintering, which is beneficial to overwintering.
The third is to choose semi-sandy loam with deep and fertile soil layer, transparent from top to bottom and sufficient sunlight as seedbed soil. Dig deep into the cultivated land, remove weeds and sundries, and make a seedbed with a border width of 1 m and a length of 4 meters. Scatter 1 0kg of high-temperature decomposed farmyard manure, 4kg of plant ash and1kg of compound fertilizer on the seedbed, then mix with clods, and finely plough and level the clods. Sprinkle four kinds of manure water on the border, and sow after the water seeps down. Scatter the seeds directly on the frame. Scatter the seeds evenly and don't pile them together. After sprinkling, cover with a layer of fine sand about 0.5 cm thick, and then cover with straw to keep warm. When the seedlings are unearthed, pull out the straw in time and decide whether to water them according to the local climate conditions. When the seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, drop some crowded seedlings appropriately, remove the weak and keep the strong, ensure that the seedlings have enough growth space, and achieve the goal of strong seedlings from the surface.
4. Land preparation 1 Select the land with convenient irrigation conditions, where cruciferous crops have not been planted for 2-3 years, and apply 3000 kilograms of high-temperature decomposed farm manure, 15 kilograms of potassium chloride and 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu, and carry out deep ploughing and intensive cultivation. Make high ridge or high ridge, the ridge width is about 1.2m, the ridge spacing is 50-55cm, and each ridge is transplanted with 2 rows, the row spacing is 50cm, and the plant spacing is 30-35cm. Transplanting seedlings after rain or cloudy days can reduce the water loss of seedlings and improve the survival rate of transplanting.
2 1 the day before transplanting, sprinkle water on the seedbed to make the soil of the seedbed moist, which is convenient for seedling raising. When transplanting seedlings, don't hurt the roots and rhizomes, and stick mud on the roots as much as possible, which is beneficial to the survival rate after transplanting. When planting, the force should be moderate, so as not to hurt the shoots and plants. In order to slow down the seedlings as soon as possible after planting, it is necessary to water the root water, and apply urea fertilizer 10 kg per mu with the root water to help survive.
Five: field management 1 when Chinese cabbage enters the rosette stage, it is necessary to ensure sufficient fertilizer and water supply. The rosette stage refers to the time when the true leaves of Chinese cabbage grow 13- 17 and begin to wrap, which also determines the yield. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the growth of stems and leaves in the heading stage of Chinese cabbage and prevent the stems and leaves from growing too fast in the heading stage. Therefore, fertilization should not be excessive. Generally, 25-30 kg urea fertilizer is applied per mu, combined with watering, followed by intertillage weeding.
In the late stage of rosette stage and the transition to fruiting stage, the soil must be kept moist, and intertillage weeding is not needed at this time. Because at this time, the cabbage has grown very big, the weeds are blocked by its big leaves, and the growth is sharply reduced. The spacing between plants is too small to cultivate, so it is only necessary to apply fertilizer properly. Apply 15kg compound fertilizer per mu and water it together to ensure soil fertility and humidity. After the ball is completed, it is no longer fertilized and officially enters the wintering state. Leave it alone at this time and let it grow naturally.
Six: pest control overwintering cabbage in winter, because the temperature is low and there are few pests and diseases. However, in spring, when the weather gets warmer, it is easy to grow cabbage caterpillar. Therefore, after the temperature becomes warmer, special attention should be paid to insect prevention, and the larvae of Pieris rapae should be controlled as much as possible to prevent the spread of pests. Once the cabbage caterpillar grows up, one worm can harm a cabbage in one day. At that time, the cabbage was ripe, so it was impossible to apply pesticides. Only cabbage infected with pests was harvested and disposed of. Seven: There is no strict harvest period, as long as it is ripe, it can be harvested in time according to the market price. Generally, harvesting begins on the first day of the first lunar month, and it can't be harvested until the beginning of the fourth lunar month. Disclaimer: The content and pictures of the article come from the Internet, and the copyright belongs to the original author. Do not bear any legal responsibility. If there is any infringement, please contact us in time and we will delete it as soon as possible.