Tujia people call themselves "Bizka", "Mijika" or "Bejinka", which means "a native".
Historically, Tujia ancestors were called "barbarians" or "barbarians". Before the Song Dynasty, Tujia people living in Wuling area, together with other ethnic minorities, were called "Wuling Man" or "Wuxi Man".
After the Song Dynasty, Tujia people were individually called "Tu Ding", "Tu Ren", "Tu Min" or "Tu Man". After the reform, with the increase of Han immigrants, "Tu", "Ke" and "Miao" are often opposed to each other to distinguish Tujia, Han and Miao in Wuling area.
As a clan name, "Tujia" appeared in a later period. The Records of Xianfeng County in the Republic of China called the "home of the Tusi descendants" Tujia "and the local Han immigrants" Hakka ".
Extended data:
Culture:
1, faith:
Tujia people believe in many gods, such as nature worship, totem worship, ancestor worship, local king worship, etc. Witchcraft and witchcraft are particularly fierce, and the introduction of Taoism, Buddhism and Christianity has also had a certain impact on Tujia people's beliefs.
2. Diet:
Tujia people's daily staple food is corn and rice, supplemented by sweet potatoes and potatoes.
Tujia people like drinking, among which sweet wine and Zajiu brewed with glutinous rice and sorghum are common.
3. Clothing:
In terms of clothing, Tujia people are still frugal and like to be loose.
Traditional fabrics are mostly self-woven and self-spun blue homespun or linen, which are called "creek cloth" and "cave cloth" in history books.
4. Architecture
There are four types of traditional houses of Tujia nationality: thatched houses, adobe houses, wooden frame board houses and hanging houses. Besides, there are stone board houses and caves.
5. Etiquette
Tujia people pay great attention to etiquette. In the past, when a woman became pregnant, she had to ask Teacher Tu to perform rituals to "prevent pregnancy" and exorcise evil spirits. When giving birth, a "midwife" is usually invited, and the mother-in-law Bashan, the goddess of fertility, should be worshipped. After the baby was born, the father went to his mother-in-law's house with a "good news chicken" in his arms. The boy used a rooster and the girl used a hen.
6. Language
Tujia language belongs to Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, which is close to Yi language branch and divided into southern dialect and northern dialect.
Except for the Tujia people in Tanxi Township, Luxi County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, they all speak the northern dialect.
Tujia people have no native language and have long used Chinese.
The vast majority of Tujia people speak Chinese, and some also speak Miao language. Only some Tujia people in Yongshun, Longshan and Laifeng counties in Youshui River Basin can speak Tujia dialect.
Baidu encyclopedia-Tujia nationality