1. Before seed propagation and sowing, apply sufficient decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and dig deeply and rake finely to level the border. Sow seeds evenly with fine sand, and then cover them with fine soil, with a thickness of about 0.5 cm. After sowing, cover with sunshade net and water. When it is cold and rainy in early spring, it is covered with plastic film to keep soil moisture and temperature. Be careful when sprinkling water to prevent the surface layer of soil from hardening. After about 10 days, the seedlings are unearthed, and the sunshade net or plastic film is removed. When there are 2 ~ 3 seedlings, they can be transplanted into the field. Chrysanthemum can be planted directly, in February in the south and in early April in the cold area in the north, with a seed consumption of about 0.2 kg per mu.
2. Plant propagation In the middle and late March, the old stubble chrysanthemum can be dug out to expose the root neck, and the lateral buds of the existing roots and old roots can be cut and transplanted into the field. It is more suitable for ramet propagation when sprouting new buds.
3. Cutting propagation can be carried out throughout the growing season, and the survival rate of cutting is the highest from April to June. It is best to mix new soil with composted organic fertilizer. Cut 3 ~ 5 branches with a length of 8 ~ 10 cm, and remove the basal leaves, and the burial depth is 1/3 ~ 1/2 of the cutting length. Keep the seedbed moist after cutting to avoid waterlogging. Shading is needed in high temperature season, and plastic film arch shed is built to keep warm and moist at low temperature. Generally, it can be transplanted into the field after 0/5 days.
Second, colonization.
Seedlings with 2 ~ 3 true leaves or cuttings with sprouted new buds and lush roots should be planted in time. Chrysanthemum is afraid of waterlogging, avoid waterlogging, and ditch and ridge in rainy season to facilitate drainage. As a perennial herb, it needs a long-term supply of soil nutrients, and sandy loam with fertile soil, convenient irrigation and drainage, loose soil and good ventilation should be selected. Before planting, apply sufficient base fertilizer, 2000 ~ 2500 kg base fertilizer per mu, plough deeply, rake the soil and level the ridges. Choose plants with vigorous growth and no pests and diseases, and plant them in cloudy or sunny afternoons. The plant spacing is 12cm× 15cm, with 2 plants per hole. After planting, water is permeable.
Third, on-site management
1. fertilizer and water management: topdressing 1 time five days after chrysanthemum planting to promote tree growth, and topdressing 1 time every 7 ~1day thereafter, and soil miscellaneous fertilizer is used in combination with urea and compound fertilizer. Attention should be paid to watering during high temperature and drought in summer, but no water can be accumulated in the field. Attention should be paid to flood prevention and drainage in rainy season to prevent root rot. Chrysanthemum has many branches, and the lateral branches germinate quickly, which requires a lot of fertilizer. Therefore, the number of topdressing should be increased when cultivated in poor soil.
2. Tillage weeding can prevent the surface layer of soil from hardening and is beneficial to root growth before the intertillage weeding plants are closed. After harvesting the old stubble straw before winter, it is advisable to loosen the soil, cultivate the soil and cover the fertilizer. Usually, the application of organic fertilizer 1500 kg per mu is beneficial to the smooth overwintering and early germination of new shoots.
3. Chrysanthemum in plant regulation grows vigorously and has strong branching ability, so it needs pruning, controlling plant growth, promoting lateral bud branching, facilitating field management and strengthening ventilation and light transmission. Usually, when the plant growth is not closed, it is harvested and topped to promote the germination of lateral buds. After the plant develops to a certain extent, the height should be controlled at about 30 cm, and vigorous branches, diseases and pests and dead branches should be cut off to improve the yield and quality. After the seeds matured in June+February, 5438, the flower heads were cut off to dry, the seeds were rubbed out, the old stubble was cut off, and the fertilizer was pressed to cover the soil.
Note that in South China, seedlings are usually sown from early February to early March, and seeds sown late are prone to lose germination ability. Young stems and leaves can be harvested in May when planted in early April, and can be harvested continuously for about 3 years with careful management.