Scientific name Piper nigrun L.

Alias white pepper, black pepper

Family Piperaceae pepper, pepper genus Piper Linn.

Characteristics and properties of the perennial evergreen climbing lianas, the Department of shallow-rooted crops, the vines are suborbicular, brownish after corking, and the main vine has terminal and axillary buds. The branches and the fruiting branches that arise from the main vine and the branches that arise from it constitute the branching sequence; the leaves are elliptic, ovate or heart-shaped, entire, simple and alternate, with dark green foliage; the flower spikes are inserted on the opposite side of the leaf blades on the nodes of the branches, and most of the cultivated varieties are monoecious, and a few are dioecious; the fruits are globose, sessile, and monocarpous berries, which are yellowish-green and reddish in color when they are ripe; the blooming season of peppercorns in our country is generally 3-5, 5-7, 8-11, and 8-11, and the flowering period of peppers is generally 3-5, 5-7, 8-11.

Pepper cultivated in the altitude of 500m below the flat and gently sloping land, to the soil layer is deep, loose, well-drained, pH value of 5.5 ~ 7.0, rich in organic matter of the soil is most suitable. Pepper is afraid of cold, drought, stains and wind. Pepper planting areas in the world average annual temperature of roughly 25 ~ 27 ℃, the average monthly temperature difference of no more than 3 ~ 7 ℃, in China, the average annual temperature of 21 ℃ frost-free areas can be normal growth and flowering and fruiting, and to the average annual temperature of 25 ~ 27 ℃ is the most suitable; pepper is most avoiding stagnant water, but the requirement of abundant and evenly distributed rainfall; pepper on the requirements of light due to the varieties and age, the majority of cultivated species do not need shade.