octopus
Octopus, also known as Octopus, Octopus, Octopus, Stone House, Stone Suction, Tide Watching, and Dead Cattle, is called "TAKO" in Taiwanese and comes from "たこ" in Japanese, belonging to Cephalopod Octopus of Mollusca. It is called "Eight Wrists" because it has eight wrists on its head, which are connected by membranes and have different lengths. There are two rows of sucker with no handle on the wrist, and the sucker has no handle. Sometimes black ink is sprayed to help escape.
Basic introduction
Alias octopus, octopus and tide table.
The body is like a squid, which is much bigger and tastes much better. There are eight feet and a lot of meat. Also known as Zhang Ju.
Sweet, salty, flat and non-toxic.
The efficacy is mainly to nourish blood and replenish qi.
To annotate ...
Octopus belongs to the cephalopod octopus family, which is short, oval, finnless and non-toxic. Most of them live in shallow sand, silt and rocks and feed on crustaceans. It is called "Eight Wrists" because it has eight wrists on its head, which are connected by membranes of different lengths, and the suction cups on the wrists have no handles.
Octopus, also known as octopus, is a kind of marine mollusk. Cephalopod mollusks of the class Octopoda. But strictly speaking, it only refers to octopus, which is widely distributed in shallow water.
Octopus, alias bream, Zhang Ju (Han Changli Collection), long chapter, short leg chapter, winding hoof (Oriental medical treasures), sitting octopus, stone sucking, tide watching (Fujian Cuoshu), octopus, octopus, octopus, octopus, octopus, octopus (octopus) Octopus has a short oval shape and no fins. There are eight wrists on the head, so it is also called "octopus". Wrists are connected by membranes with equal or unequal lengths; There are two rows of stemless sucker on the wrist. The head and trunk of octopus are about 7 ~ 9.5 cm. Octopus wrist is about 12 cm long, octopus wrist is about 48.5 cm long and octopus wrist is about 32.5 cm long. Crawl with your wrist, swim by stretching the interosseous membrane, and quickly retreat with the funnel under your head. Most of them live in sandy or soft mud bottom and shallow sea rocks, and are carnivorous, feeding on cladocera and crustaceans. Many marine fish feed on octopus. In late spring and early summer, I like to lay eggs in snail shells, so I can use a rope to pass through the red snail shells, sink to the bottom of the sea, and extract and catch them on time. In autumn and winter, they often make holes in deep-water sediments.
Octopus sucks water into the mantle, breathes it and excretes it through a short funnel-shaped tube. Most octopuses crawl along the bottom with suction cups, but when they are frightened, they spray water from their body tubes, thus moving quickly in the opposite direction. In case of danger, ink-like substances will be sprayed out as a smoke screen. Some substances can paralyze the attacker's sensory organs.
The most widely known octopus is the common octopus (O. vulgaris), which is of medium size and widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters all over the world. It lives in caves or cracks on the rocky seabed, and its joy cannot be concealed. They mainly feed on crabs and other crustaceans. This species is considered as the smartest invertebrate. It has highly developed cells containing pigments, so it can change its body color very quickly, which is also surprising.
Octopus mainly feeds on shrimps and crabs, but some species also feed on plankton. Many marine fish feed on octopus. Octopus has always been regarded as a delicacy in the Mediterranean, eastern countries and other parts of the world.
elaborative faculty
On the earth where we live, there are about 6.5438+0 million kinds of animals. Like human beings, they follow the principle of "natural selection, survival of the fittest". Some animals dress up their shapes to be lifelike with the objects in the external environment, so as to escape from the enemy or catch prey and ensure their own survival and species reproduction.
Octopus is an expert in this field. In order to avoid being killed by predators, octopus not only uses the well-known mimicry camouflage technology and "wrist guard" technology, but also finds an "intelligent" octopus that can escape by walking on two feet in the Indian Ocean. Christine Huffard of the University of California, Berkeley and her research team published a paper in the recent Science magazine, pointing out that they accidentally found some octopus walking on the seabed in the Indian Ocean. They had two feet. In the tropical waters of Indonesia, an octopus named Maginettes was photographed. It's about the size of an apple. When faced with danger or encountering divers, this octopus will bend and fold six of its eight claws upward to make a coconut shell, while the remaining two claws will stand on the bottom of the sea and secretly move backwards, striding backwards to escape like a moving coconut. The posture is funny. Another octopus, Akulitus, is as big as a walnut. It can also walk on two feet, but the other six feet extend outward to simulate the appearance of seaweed. When analyzing why they choose the "bipedal" walking mode and why they imitate coconuts, the research team found that the speed of walking with two brachiopods is far faster than that with eight brachiopods, and the fastest speed of the former is about 0. 14 meters per second. In an interview with Nature magazine, Failde pointed out that the imitation of octopus Maguinetes as coconuts may be related to the rich coconuts falling from the nearby seabed.
At first, Huffard was shocked when observing the "bipedal walking" of octopus, because so far, they haven't found any underwater creatures that walk with "bipedal walking". Moreover, in the animal kingdom, scientific theory holds that only two structures can promote biped movement, one is a species with hard bones and freely retractable skeletal muscles, and the other is a joint that coordinates their limb movements and makes them walk. Obviously, the octopus's wrist has no joints, no bones or skeletal muscles, but it did it. Biologists believe that this kind of brachiopod activity of octopus is very unique, and its camouflage "skill" really needs a little "brain". However, octopus has only a few nerves from its wrist to its brain. How can it stretch freely and pose many unexpected postures such as coconut and seaweed?
Jim cosgrove, an expert who has been engaged in octopus research for many years, pointed out that octopus has "conceptual thinking" and can solve complex problems by itself. It is this ability that gives it the ability to walk on two feet. Jim cosgrove wrote in the French magazine le Figaro that octopus is one of the most different creatures that have ever appeared on earth. Octopus has developed eyes, which is the only similarity between it and humans. It is very different from humans in other aspects: octopus has three hearts and two memory systems (one is the brain memory system, and the other is directly connected with the sucker). Octopus has 500 million neurons and some very sensitive chemical and tactile receptors in its brain. This unique neural structure makes it have more thinking ability than ordinary animals.
Scientists once did an experiment on octopus: scientists put a glass bottle with lobster in water, but the bottle mouth was blocked with a cork. After circling the bottle several times, the octopus entangled it with its tentacles, then fiddled with the cork from all angles with its tentacles, and finally pulled it out successfully, thus having a full meal. According to the research, this experiment shows that octopus can solve complex problems by itself, that is, it has so-called "conceptual intelligence" After further research, scientists also found that octopus has lived alone since birth. Small octopus can learn the skills it should have in a short time, and unlike most animals, small octopus's learning is not based on the teaching of its elders. Although their parents inherited some abilities from them, the small octopus developed its own ability to solve new problems by learning to hunt, disguise and find a better place to live alone.
Too "smart" octopus has also aroused the anxiety of scientists. He Failde said: "This discovery greatly enriches human understanding of octopus behavior and is also very enlightening, because it proves that it is entirely possible for octopus to walk in other ways, or there are other animals that can walk on two feet on the seabed." Australian scientists have confirmed that this octapod species can move coconut shells and use them as its own armor. This is the first case of invertebrates using tools. Understanding how octopus controls and coordinates the other eight soft brachiopods will help engineers to design more flexible mechanical arms or brainless robots.
Thousands of years have passed, and the octopus family has become more and more intelligent. Some octopuses can secrete a super toxin that can kill people, and some octopuses (such as deep-sea octopus) turn their sucker into a luminous organ to attract prey ... jules verne dreamed of it-a giant octopus named Oak Topsy, which ruled the waters along the North Pacific coast from California to Japan. In the American blockbuster "The Matrix", there is a scene that you may remember. When Zion's soldiers returned to the spaceship, they were attacked by a group of intelligent octopus. Their "wrists" are both ruthless and accurate, and they are extremely lethal. Perhaps Hollywood screenwriters have also seen the special potential of octopus, so it is no wonder that some people predict that the latent octopus is waiting for its own rule.