Curcuma longa, also known as Baodingxiang, Yujin, Miming, Dioscorea zingiberensis, etc., is a perennial herb of Plantago, Zingiberaceae and Curcuma. The rhizome of Curcuma longa is very developed, the root is stout, the plant height is 1- 1.5m, the leaves are oblong or oval, the top of the leaves are short and tapering, and the bracts are light green and oval or oblong. Turmeric is produced in China, Taiwan Province, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet and other provinces, and is also widely cultivated in East and Southeast Asia.

1. What is turmeric?

1, Curcuma longa, also known as Baodingxiang, Yujin, Miming, Dioscorea zingiberensis, etc., are perennial herbs of Musaceae and Curcuma, with well-developed rhizomes, stout roots, plant height of 1- 1.5m, terminal swelling in the form of tuberous roots, short and tapering leaves with oblong or oval shapes.

2. Turmeric is produced in China, Taiwan Province, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet and other provinces, and is widely cultivated in East Asia and Southeast Asia. Jiang Huang likes a warm and humid climate, especially an environment with abundant sunshine and rainfall. He is afraid of cold and frost, drought and water accumulation.

3. The rhizome of Curcuma longa is irregular oval, cylindrical or spindle-shaped, with dark yellow and rough surface, often curved, with shriveled texture and obvious links on the outside, round branch marks and fibrous root marks, obvious ring marks on the inner cortex, dotted vascular bundles, solid quality, hard to break, golden yellow to brownish yellow cross-section, horny and waxy luster.

Second, the cultivation techniques of turmeric

1, the soil for cultivating turmeric is sandy loam with good drainage, deep soil layer and loose fertility, and it is suitable for a warm and humid climate. Generally, there is no need for deep ploughing. Before planting, the land should be raked for 2-3 times, and the border should be leveled and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied.

2. Propagation with rhizome, the planting period is in Shaanxi, Sichuan and other places, more than before and after the summer solstice. Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day in Zhejiang, holes are opened according to the plant spacing of 25-33cm and the row spacing of 33-40cm, and 3-5 ginger seeds are placed in each hole, covering the fine soil with 2-3cm. Spraying the soil surface with 600-800 times of new high-fat film can keep moisture, prevent water evaporation and keep warm.

3. When the seedling height is 10- 13cm, the first topdressing should be done with rare human manure, the second topdressing should be done before and after the summer, and the third time should be 3-4 days before the Millennium. It is appropriate to use cake fertilizer and plant ash. Before each topdressing, it is necessary to mow the grass and loosen the soil. When there is little rain, it is necessary to water the seedlings in the morning or at night, so that the seedlings can grow normally, and spray the medicinal herb Gendaling at the right time, so as to promote the transportation of photosynthetic products (nutrients) on the leaves to the roots, improve the loosening ability and nutrient conversion rate, make the roots swell rapidly, and greatly improve the medicinal content.

4. Turmeric is prone to root rot. At the initial stage of the disease, the lateral roots will be waterlogged, then black and brown rot, and spread upward, resulting in yellowing of the stems and leaves on the ground, and finally the whole plant will die. The prevention and control method is to dig up the diseased plants and burn them, and sprinkle lime powder on the diseased points for disinfection; Pay attention to strengthen field drainage in rainy season to keep underground water free; During the onset period, 50% bacteria-returning wettable powder 1000 times solution was poured; When plants wither naturally in11-1February, they should be excavated in time to prevent root rot from causing losses.

5. In the seedling stage of turmeric, there will be pests such as cutworms and grubs, which will bite the fibrous roots of plants, so that root tubers cannot be formed and the yield will be reduced. The control method is to catch larvae artificially in the morning; Use 90% crystal trichlorfon100g and 5 kg of stir-fried vegetable cake per mu to make poison bait, and scatter it in the field to trap and kill, or use 25% trichlorfon powder per mu to mix fine soil 15 kg, and scatter it around the plants, and combine with intertillage to mix the poison soil into the soil.