The pancreas is a slender grape-shaped gland, located behind the stomach, between the spleen and the duodenum. Its right end (pancreatic head) is large and downward, its left end (pancreatic tail) is horizontal, and its tail faces the spleen. Exocrine or pancreatic juice of pancreas is imported into duodenum through pancreatic duct, and pancreatic juice contains various digestive enzymes. There are also scattered island cell groups in the pancreas, which are called islets or Langle Island. Pancreatic islet β cells secrete insulin, which promotes hypoglycemia and hepatic glycogen synthesis. Glucagon secreted by islet α cells can promote the decomposition of hepatic glycogen and raise blood sugar. Insulin and glucagon feed back each other to control blood sugar in a small range. If insulin is absolutely or relatively insufficient for any reason, it will lead to diabetes. The pancreas produces about1200 ~1500 c.c. pancreatic juice every day, which is sent to the duodenum through the pancreatic duct. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes that can decompose protein, sugar and lipid, such as pancreatic amylase, lipase, trypsin and sodium bicarbonate that can neutralize gastric acid. The pancreas secretes insulin. This is used to control the blood sugar concentration in the body. Insulin is actually a kind of protein, which converts sugar in blood into liver sugar (another form of sugar stored in the liver). When normal people eat, the stomach digests carbohydrates in food into glucose (the most basic form of sugar, which is the source of energy needed by the human body), and then it is absorbed into the blood by the intestine and supplied to various cells in the body. But at this time, because it is just after dinner, there will be a lot of sugar in the blood because of the food you eat. In order to adjust the blood sugar concentration to a normal level, insulin will convert excess blood sugar into liver sugar and store it in the body for later use. The higher the insulin concentration, the lower the blood glucose concentration, and vice versa. So in a normal human body, just after eating, the body will secrete a lot of insulin. If a person is hungry, the concentration of insulin will decrease, and liver sugar will turn back to blood sugar to supplement the concentration of blood sugar. Diabetic patients are prone to dizziness or obesity because of their high insulin secretion, so that their blood sugar concentration cannot be maintained at a normal level.

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