Questionnaires to test depression levels (Self-Rating Depression Scale and Depressive Status Questionnaire)

Self-Rating Depression Scale and Depression Status Inventory

(Self-Rating Depression Scale and Depression Status Inventory)

1. Introduction:

The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) was compiled by William W. K. Zung in 1965. It is a self-rating scale used to measure the severity of depression and its changes during treatment. In 1972, Zung added a corresponding examiner's manual and changed the self-assessment to another assessment, called the Depression Status Inventory (DSI). The evaluation time span is the most recent week.

2. Content:

SDS and DSI are composed of 20 statements and corresponding question items respectively. Each item corresponds to a relevant symptom, rated on a scale of 1-4. The 20 items reflect four groups of specific symptoms of depression: 1. Psycho-affective symptoms, including two items: depressed mood and crying; 2. Somatic disorders, including daytime differences in mood, sleep disorders, loss of appetite, and loss of sexual desire. , weight loss, constipation, tachycardia, and fatigue*** eight items; 3. Psychomotor disorders, including two items of psychomotor retardation and agitation; 4. Depressive psychological disorders, including confusion and hopelessness , irritability, indecision, self-depreciation, feelings of emptiness, ruminating thoughts about suicide, and dissatisfaction, ***eight items.

3. Scoring method:

Each item is scored on a four-level scale of 4. Ask the subject to read each statement carefully, or the examiner will ask questions one by one, and circle 1 (never or occasionally), or 2 (sometimes), or 3 (often), or according to the time and frequency that best suits the subject's situation. 4 (always). Ten of the 20 items (No. 11116, 17, 18 and 20) are stated with positive words and are scored in reverse order. The remaining 10 items are stated with negative words and are scored in the order of 1-4 above. The depression severity index assessed by SDS and DSI is calculated according to the following formula: Depression severity index - cumulative score of each item/80 (highest total score). The index range is 0.25-1.0. The higher the index, the more severe the depression.

4. Test results:

Zung et al. once conducted a reliability and validity test of SDS: its internal consistency was satisfactory: split-half correlation of odd and even items: 0. 73 (1973 year) and 0.92 (1986). There were high and moderate correlations between the SDS and scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD), and the "D" subscale of the MMPI. Zung et al. also compared the scores of SDS and DIS with the CG1 score and proposed that those with SDS and DIS score indexes below 0.5 were not depressed; 0.50-0.59 were mild to mild depression; 0.60-0.69 Moderate to severe depression: above 0.70 is severe depression. Comparing the scores of DIS in case groups with different diagnoses, it was shown that DIS has a good discriminant function: the average score index of the depressive disorder group (96 cases) was 0.61; the schizophrenia group (25 cases) was 0.48; the anxiety disorder group (22 cases) It was 0.51; the personality disorder group (54 cases) was 0.52, the difference was significant. The Institute of Mental Health of Peking University Medical University once conducted SDS and HRSD assessments on 50 inpatients with depression *** 300 times before, during and after treatment (50 cases × 6). The correlation coefficient between the scores was 0.84. The relationship between SDS score index and depression severity is consistent with Zung's report.

5. Evaluation:

SDS and DSI are short-term self-evaluation scales and questionnaires that are easy to operate and master, and can effectively reflect the relevant symptoms of depression and their severity and severity. changes, particularly applicable to general hospitals to detect depressed patients. The SDS score is not affected by age, gender, economic status and other factors. If the subject has a low level of education or poor intelligence and is unable to conduct self-assessment, DIS can be used to assess the subject by the examiner. SDS and DIS have been widely used abroad. Translated into Chinese in 1985, it was first used in my country to evaluate the efficacy of the antidepressant minaprine in treating depression and in clinical research on depression.

Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS)

1. I feel depressed and depressed

2. I think morning is the best time of the day

3. I burst into tears or feel like crying

4. I don’t sleep well at night

5. I eat as much as usual

6. I enjoy as much pleasure as ever in close contact with the opposite sex

7. I notice my weight is decreasing

8. I have trouble with constipation

9. My heart beats faster than usual

10. I feel tired for no reason

11. My mind is as clear as usual