National Chinese cooking technician: Wang Hemin

On human diet "raw food, cooked food and cooking"

Wang Hemin

Shangluo Technical School for Poverty Alleviation

Abstract: The historical process of human development is also the process of food culture inheritance.

All ethnic groups are developing constantly, which promotes the evolution of culture and civilization. However, food culture is also promoting social civilization and social progress. A country or nation's food culture is developed when the raw food appears early, the cooked food evolves in pieces and the cooking culture develops for a long time. As far as China is concerned, the course of food civilization should start from the Yuanmou era 1.7 million years ago. The influence of people's life cooking culture is great, and cooking culture has driven social civilization to evolve forward. Cooking takes three stages as the basic development law, namely "raw food and cooked food". Cooking is inseparable from five basic conditions in the development of these three stages, that is, relatively stable raw materials, artificial control of "fire", basic seasoning "salt", high-temperature resistant and water-tight T-shirts and tools that can be cut and broken. The evolution of raw food into cooked food, including highly civilized cooking, can be implemented smoothly. In the process of implementation, it is also from extensive and simple to detailed and complicated. With the development of raw food, cooked food and cooking, and the process of promotion and communication among ethnic groups, human language communication, the use of tools and cultural communication are also constantly improving. Therefore, the diet culture is constantly updated, which promotes the development of social culture and civilization.

Keywords: eating raw food and cooking cooked food

I. Raw food stage

In ancient times, people had a small range of activities, and the raw materials and liquids they accepted were limited to some extent. Raw food was the main way for human beings. The savage life of eating raw food and chewing raw food is not much different from other animals. The living area is also limited by tribes, and the moral consciousness is naturally narrow and self-sufficient. "Raw food" not only affects human health, but also brings disadvantages to the development of human society, because people are grumpy and savage and lack communication. Local civil strife and wars often occur, and the victims are still weak and good women, which is the influence of raw food life on human beings. In the process of raw food, people realize that raw food has a great impact on health, and hygiene is also incompatible with human development. Therefore, for group life, raw materials are wasted. With the uncooked food that is exchanged every day, a lot of food will rot due to climate change. When people need to fast, they need to collect, and when there are no tools, they have little ability to store. In addition, human beings have no sense of labor and eat all the time. Therefore, the development of society, especially the communication, wisdom and contact of human beings, is not necessarily affected, so human beings begin to be interested in lightning, volcanoes, natural forest fires and animal remains; When similar phenomena occur, people concentrate on places with wreckage to find food that tastes more delicious than raw food. Colleagues are also observing and analyzing the outside world and promoting this behavior through communication and communication, which lays the foundation for the identification of evolved cooked food later.

II. Cooked food stage

In the process of hunting in our daily life, after encountering lightning volcano and forest fire naturally caused by long-term drought, we found that the animal remains that were burned to death were brought back to the place of residence, and the taste and raw food taste were different when they were used. Through the remains, people seemed to be exposed to something new at the ceremony, which brought new inspiration and wisdom to primitive people and people were looking for ways to make cooked food. With the development of human society, the existence of consciousness and ability to control and preserve fire has been gradually accumulated, which has identified an important foundation for the development of cooked food. Therefore, human beings have the concept and long-cherished wish of cooked food, which has been popularized and applied in life, changed the life style of human beings, which is a great progress of human culture and promoted the leap-forward evolution of social culture.

Since then, mankind has entered a period of development of civilization. In the long life of raw food, we have accumulated both positive and negative practical experience, and at the same time, human beings have developed their own wisdom. Facing life, the invention of drilling wood for fire has been widely spread and applied, which has made the use of fire by various tribes of human beings from simple to mature, and they are constantly struggling for the further improvement of cooked food life. They have created ancient ceramic tools to process cooked food intelligently, and further updated their tools to consciously carry out production activities, so it is conceivable that the concept of ancient people's development has risen from pottery making to porcelain research, from stone tools to later iron tools and bronzes. Although it has been a long time, human research, creation, discovery and invention all strive for tomorrow. In this great revolution of developing cooked food, the political system came into being immediately, and the economic situation was primitive, but human beings are eager to develop their thinking and still rise. From primitive society to the luxury of slave owners, we can't see the primary simplicity of human politics and economy and the initial formation of commodity exchange, which shows that with the change of cooked food's living style, the rent and regular life of human labor ability are a great progress. Because of the establishment of human residence by political system, there are differences due to the difference of wisdom and the amount of natural resources occupied, which also promotes the change and development of labor technology, so the evolution of cooked food has played a role in promoting human politics and economy. Not only that, human beings continue to pursue a better future with their own wisdom and labor, and explore a new way of life in life, labor, communication and development.

Second, the cooking stage

The appearance and development of the cooking stage is due to the primitive exchange of goods in the formation of clan commune. Suiren invented wood drilling for fire, fishing, hunting, animal husbandry and artificial breeding in Fuxi District, Shennong invented planting, Susha invented boiled sea salt, and stayed for the night for the sole dependence and extensive behavior of raw food and cooked food. People began to change their diet and life, which is a new course of human diet culture and life.

This leap has brought splendid culture to human cooking, raised primitive culture to a new level, and with the famous passage, it is a truth that "fire" is the origin of cooking and "salt" is the beginning of tune, which cannot be changed. Later, if people want to understand this truth, they must learn and respect history. The new cooking will "enjoy" is a simple cooked food process. With the use of "fire", it means that human beings eat better on the basis of cooking. With the concept of "cooking", the concept of "cooking" is formed in people's minds! That is to say, "cooking" instead of "heng" is also an evolutionary process. From then on, "cooking" was stipulated by human beings, and the generation of collision was recognized by human beings, and the development period began.

With the formation of cooking culture, people have not stopped developing and utilizing salt. The use of salt in the process of cooking, the support of cooking and the beginning of salt "adjustment" are another big step for human beings and spread the concept of cooking widely. Under the guidance and influence of the concept of cooking, raw materials are the most basic conditions for cooking. The species of raw materials should be named by human beings, the nature of raw materials should be classified for it, and the texture of raw materials should be recorded for it. Therefore, Yijing Ding appeared in an invincible position. The words enjoy and cook are recorded in Qi Min Yao Shu, Shi Zhen Lu and Shi Jing, all of which are familiar with the past of cooking.

and what about cooking today? The first is the formation of eight major cuisines, which enriches the shortcomings of the four major cuisines. Up to now, the combination of traditional dishes and popular dishes can be described as innovation. For example, in terms of the characteristics of Chinese cuisine, it is loved by all ethnic groups in the world because of its extensive selection of materials, because China spans the cold, warm and hot zones, with a vast territory and rich products, and there are abundant raw materials for animals and plants. In cooking practice, chefs of past dynasties were not hidebound, but also good at developing. It is incredible for foreigners to use all kinds of raw materials. Today, there are more than 2, kinds of raw materials for Chinese dishes. And there are many new raw materials that are widely used, such as ostrich, firebird, cactus, aloe and so on. The selection of cooking materials must pay attention to freshness, origin, season, variety, location and quality. To meet the needs of cooking methods and dish characteristics.

Chinese dishes pay attention to exquisite knife work and ingenious ingredients; Chinese cuisine pays attention to knife work in cooking, and the knife work and knife method of Chinese cuisine are unique to foreign chefs. No matter the shape of silk, diced, slice, block, segment, foam and velvet, it can also be processed into ears of wheat, lychee, wrap, clothes, comb, chrysanthemum and so on by mixed knife method. Knife method aims at beautifying dishes, and with the reasonable ingredients of Chinese dishes, it can be reflected in nutrition, shape, safety, color, taste, quality, diet and so on.

Chinese cuisine pays attention to cooking temperature, including big fire, small fire, slight fire, etc. As early as in "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, Ben Wei", it was recorded that …………… fire is a discipline, and it is timely. To kill fishy smell, dry and defibrillate, we must be based on success, be rational, know strange taste, use fire moderately, and not violate the principle of using fire. Large, medium and small fires alternate to ensure that the cooking forms different tastes such as refreshing, smooth, crisp, tender, rotten, soft, waxy, thick, elastic, tough and hard.

innovate dishes and pay attention to containers; In the prosperous period of Chinese cooking, due to China's vast territory, long national history and different cultures and customs, Chinese cooking has formed more than 5, famous dishes with different flavors, and there are tens of thousands of dishes with different colors, which is unmatched by any other country in the world. It is often said that good food should have beautiful utensils, that is to say, nothing is as important as beautiful utensils. Excellent dishes with exquisite and elegant containers can make their shape icing on the cake. After all, the world of sculpting articles with cooking materials is limited. Combining the natural colors of raw materials and skillfully using all kinds of beautiful utensils, it is very expressive. There is a general relationship between various containers and many delicacies: for whole poultry and fish, it is advisable to use long plates, stir-fry and stir-fry round plates, sea bowls for soup and beets, sand scouring for exquisite stuffy pots, steamed flour and fermented points on cages, brush and cook sheep and fish in pots, white sauces and vinegar for ginger, and a shirt for ginseng wings and Yan Bao Yihua. If it is appropriate to be big, it is appropriate to be small, or if it is full of T-shirts, it will be all the same, or if it is full of T-shirts, it will be interesting all day, and the perfect combination of food and utensils will fully reflect the unique cultural characteristics of our country.

Combining Chinese and Western, learning from the new: Chinese cooking can be good at combining the characteristics of this soft food with the excellent tradition, and learning from some advanced things of western food, mainly in the selection of raw materials, the use of seasonings, the change of heating methods and the technological innovation of improvers. Such as curry powder, custard powder, tomato sauce, changing techniques, and some adding western condiments to Chinese cooking techniques; In this respect, we should maintain our national style and local characteristics, make use of the advantages and characteristics of western food to enrich Chinese food, improve the shortcomings of Chinese food, combine local characteristics, innovate intermediaries and make the ancient oriental culture play a more brilliant role in modern fine arts.

The birth of cooking was marked by the use of fire. When the principles and laws of cooking were made clear, there was a clear division of labor in society, and the term cooking was born immediately, which led to a qualitative change in human life style. The statement recorded in the Book of Rites, Liyun, that "the ancients did not cremate, ate the food of plants and animals, and drank their blood, just like their hair" shows the human understanding of the fire source and the function of fire! That is, the skill mastery of artificial fire. Laid a good foundation for cooking; Engels once said: "The use of fire is the origin of cooking. "So fire is the first condition for cooking. About 1, years ago, pottery and stone tools boxes were found in salt lakes and sea salts. When people generally use salt to use cooked food, the "tune" begins. Therefore, people say that the discovery of fire is the origin of cooking, and the discovery of salt is the beginning of modulation. With cooking and cooking, the food life of human beings has undergone a qualitative change. With the expansion of human life and production exchange areas, human beings have discovered raw materials for primitive cooking, invented and manufactured many stone tools and pottery, and tool cooking has laid the foundation for food civilization. Mankind has begun a new civilized era in human society, especially in food culture. In the long-term life, the manufacture and utilization of pottery, stone axe, stone knife, pottery tripod, ceramics, osteophyte, copper knife, copper kettle and bronze tripod show the food civilization, but the brittleness and toughness of cooking, the classification and utilization of cooking raw materials, and the four characteristics and five flavors of raw materials and seasonings. Therefore, different types of processing methods and cooking methods have emerged. Take the earliest school in China as an example, from the slave society of Xia and Shang dynasties, the luxury food culture dominated by Shang and Zhou dynasties. As well as Anping Public Food Studies, Records of Food Treasures, Food Classics and Qi Min Yao Shu in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, cooking has achieved a leap from skill to learning.

China cooking was completed by the invention of Tang and Song porcelains, with five attributes of color, fragrance, taste, shape and vessel. During the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, China formed a multi-ethnic fusion, which led to the second exchange, great competition, great harmony and great development of China cooking technology. There have been more than 4 cooking methods for Chinese cuisine, and China banquet personal dramas have basically come into being. The formation of food style has made the overall pattern of cooking in China gradually turn to a new stage of real food with the leap of four flavors of Rusuao cuisine. At the same time, human beings have learned to plant and domesticate, and have the theory of five vegetables, five grains, five livestock, five fruits and five flavors. There are many tastes of sauce, ginger, honey, cinnamon and pepper in the Southern Dynasties. Cooking also has the methods of baking, roasting, burning, boiling and steaming. Skillful knife work and clever ingredients are unified in raw material processing, and strips, silk, diced, chips, blocks, segments, rice, foam, velvet and shape are the main forming means. In cooking, the seasoning is inseparable from the three peppers, and the changes are exquisite, and the cabbage is full of flavors. It is necessary to see the classification and application of cooking, plant, animal and mineral artificial synthesis. Seasoning is used as a seasoning. Four freshwater fish in China raise herring, grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp with food, vegetables, fruits, meat, aquatic products and dry goods as condiments. The four major marine fish, Pseudosciaena crocea, Pseudosciaena crocea and Hairtail, are the main ones. It has formed the raw materials for cooking in China, and produced Chinese dishes that people like in color, fragrance, taste, shape and utensils, which are safe to use, distinctive and nutritious, so that human beings can enjoy the real food. I feel that China's cooking culture is great and unique, and the concepts of raw food, cooked food and cooking should be passed down to contribute to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.