There are many reasons for the increase of blood sugar: First, bad living habits, such as many people like to eat high-oil food, do not exercise, and have little activity. Second, stress conditions, such as patients without diabetes before, and some emergencies, such as serious infection, trauma, major surgery, acute gastrointestinal bleeding, etc., may lead to increased blood sugar. Third, the influence of drugs, such as long-term oral glucocorticoid, mental illness drugs, antidepressants, contraceptives and so on. , it will also lead to an increase in blood sugar. Fourth, some diseases, such as liver disease, can also lead to high blood sugar. Fifth, some endocrine diseases, such as acromegaly and cortisol increase, as well as hyperthyroidism and pancreatic diseases, such as pancreatitis, will lead to increased blood sugar.
Then the cause of diabetes is actually more complicated. Diabetes is divided into 1 type and type 2, and the reasons are not the same. 1 Diabetes is related to genetic and environmental factors, and to immune-mediated selective destruction of islet B cells. The causes of type 2 diabetes are: age, nutritional factors, unbalanced diet structure, obesity, drug factors and so on.
High blood sugar may not be obvious in the early stage, but with the passage of time, blood sugar will continue to rise, and there will be increased urine volume, frequent urination and nocturia. The food intake will increase a lot compared with before, and the water consumption will also increase sharply, but the weight will drop significantly, which will seriously lead to renal failure.
Diabetes usually has no symptoms in the early stage. 1 type diabetes generally manifests as "three more and one less", that is, drinking more, eating more, urinating more and wasting away; Most patients with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms. During general physical examination, some patients will have symptoms such as palpitation, nausea and sweating 3-5 hours after meals.
The normal blood glucose level is 3.9mmol/L-6. 1mmol/L on an empty stomach and < 7.8 mmol/L after meals. If blood sugar is controlled beyond this normal value in time, it will develop into diabetes.
The most important harm of diabetes is complications. Long-term hyperglycemia will cause changes in blood vessels and nerves and increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Chronic complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic dermatosis, diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy, diabetic paraplegia, and even impotence.
Therefore, regardless of diabetes or hyperglycemia, patients must control the total calorie intake, reasonably match the diet structure, adopt the principle of eating less and eating more meals, and eat more foods rich in dietary fiber. Patients should go to the hospital regularly to monitor blood sugar, mainly two hours after meals and fasting blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin should be done every three months. They must take medicine in strict accordance with the doctor's advice and beware of hypoglycemia.