1, symptoms of liver cancer
Five symptoms of liver cancer
1, emaciation and fatigue
This symptom often appears in the middle and late stage of liver cancer. It may be that tumor metabolites cause biochemical metabolic changes in the body, reduce food intake, and appear cachexia in severe cases.
Step 2 have a fever
The fever caused by liver cancer is generally around 37.5'C~38℃, and occasionally it can reach above 39℃. It belongs to irregular heat type, and there are many chills. Fever in the afternoon is more common, and sometimes it can be regarded as relaxation fever. Fever can be caused by tumor necrosis or its metabolites.
3. Symptoms of digestive tract
Often manifested as loss of appetite, fullness in the upper abdomen after meals, and even nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
Step 4: Pain
This is a common symptom of patients with liver cancer. The pain site is generally located in the liver area, and the pain in the liver area of patients with advanced liver cancer is generally located under the right rib or xiphoid process. The nature of pain is mainly persistent dull pain, dull pain or tingling, and some patients' pain may have special manifestations. There may also be pain in other parts of patients with liver cancer. Part of the patients' pain is located in the middle and upper abdomen, mostly caused by left lobe liver cancer, but sometimes it is misdiagnosed as stomach disease, which delays treatment. Some patients can show pain in the right shoulder, which is common in clinic, because the right lobe is close to the diaphragm, and the pain in the right shoulder is caused by its involvement in the diaphragm, which is easily misdiagnosed as scapulohumeral periarthritis.
Metastatic symptoms will appear when liver cancer metastasizes to other parts, and chest pain will appear when it metastasizes to the lungs; Metastasis to bone can cause bone pain, so when patients with liver cancer have chest pain or bone pain, it should be considered that it is caused by metastasis of liver cancer.
Clinically, a few patients can show sudden and severe pain in the liver area, mostly caused by rupture and bleeding of cancer nodules located on the surface of the liver. If the patient is accompanied by dizziness, dizziness, palpitation and decreased blood pressure, most of them indicate that the cancer nodule is ruptured and complicated with severe internal bleeding. In this case, emergency rescue should be carried out in time.
5. Other symptoms
Patients with hepatitis, liver cirrhosis or abnormal liver function caused by tumor infiltration and growth may have bleeding tendency, such as nosebleeds, gums, subcutaneous ecchymosis, etc. Hypoalbuminemia can also occur, causing edema, ascites and abdominal distension.
A healthy diet in life can keep cancer away, while a bad diet will lead to cancer. So how to prevent liver cancer through diet?
Dietetic society for preventing liver cancer
Four beneficial diets
1, have tea
People in southern Fujian love to drink tea, which is very good for preventing liver cancer, especially Tieguanyin, which is common in southern Fujian, and Longjing before rain is also good.
Step 2 eat carrots and oranges
The protective effect of vegetables and fruits on the liver is produced by the interaction between vitamins, minerals and fibers. Green leafy vegetables, carrots, potatoes and citrus fruits.
The prevention effect is the strongest. Dr. Dong Jing suggested that you should eat more than five kinds of fruits and vegetables every day, including drinking a glass of juice in the morning, eating a piece of fruit in the afternoon and eating more than two servings of vegetables for dinner. In this way, the total daily intake is about 400-800g, which can reduce your risk of liver cancer by 20%.
Step 3 eat dairy products
Medical research has proved that under the condition of controlling drinking, eating dairy products every day, including milk and yogurt, will reduce the risk of liver cancer by 78%. At present, children have developed the habit of eating dairy products, but only a few adults eat dairy products. We might as well improve it.
4. Three bamboo shoots, namely bamboo shoots, lettuce and asparagus.
Experts suggest that eating more of these three foods every day can reduce the incidence of liver cancer, and it is also delicious.
Four unfavorable diets
1, don't eat moldy food.
In spring, food tends to get moldy. Aflatoxin in moldy food is the substance that causes liver cancer, and the shortest time to cause cancer is only 24 weeks. Therefore, food should be properly preserved, and once moldy, it should be discarded immediately, especially soybeans, peanuts, sweet potatoes, sugar cane and so on. And you must not eat any more. In addition, peanut oil should not be stored for a long time, and it should not be eaten if it is found to produce spicy taste. Otherwise, it will not only taste bad, but more importantly, it will lead to cancer.
2. Don't eat or eat less pickles
Pickles such as sauerkraut, pickles and salted fish are refreshing and appetizing, and then the weather is hot and the appetite is not good. Many people prefer to eat with pickles. However, pickles contain a lot of nitrosamines, which is related to the occurrence of liver cancer. It is best not to eat or eat less. And remember, be sure to marinate thoroughly before eating.
3. Animal and vegetable oils should not be eaten after deterioration.
Deteriorated oils all contain malondialdehyde, a chemical component that can generate polymers and react with protein and deoxyribonucleic acid in human body, so that the structure of protein changes, resulting in abnormal function of mutated protein cells and transformation to early cancer cells. In addition, MDA polymer will hinder the replication of DNA and accelerate the aging process of people. Therefore, animal and vegetable oils should not be stored for too long, and oils that deteriorate to produce spicy taste should not be eaten. Food fried with carrots not only tastes bad, but more importantly, it will cause cancer and shorten people's life.
4. Don't drink or drink less.
Long-term drinking will digest the gastric mucosa. Once the cells in the stomach are injured, toxic substances in food are easily absorbed by the stomach, which can easily cause alcoholic hepatitis, damage the detoxification function of the liver and even cause alcoholic cirrhosis, which is a risk factor for liver cancer. If you drink with moldy peanuts, it is easier to induce liver cancer. Dr. Dong suggested that adult men should not drink more than 2 cups a day, and women should not drink more than 1 cup.
2. Life taboos of hepatitis patients
First, avoid excessive salt.
The liver of patients with liver cirrhosis destroys the function of antidiuretic, so the urine volume decreases, which makes the salt stay in the body, the plasma protein decreases, and edema or ascites occurs. Therefore, patients with liver cirrhosis should strictly control the intake of salt. If there is no edema or mild edema in liver cirrhosis, eat no more than 5 grams of salt every day; In the case of severe edema, the salt intake should not exceed1g.
Second, avoid eating hard food.
Because of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis, the blood vessels at the lower end of esophagus and the bottom of stomach become thicker and the wall becomes thinner. If coarse food is swallowed without chewing slowly, it may puncture or scratch blood vessels and cause massive bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the common complications and causes of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. What are the items of liver disease examination? We should not be careless.
Third, avoid eating certain fish.
Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common complication and cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis, and eating fish is often one of the causes of bleeding. Tuna, sardines, saury and mackerel contain an unsaturated organic acid called eicosapentaenoic acid, the content of which is as high as 1~ 1.5%. Fish oil is the most abundant.
The human body cannot synthesize eicosapentaenoic acid from other free fatty acids, and depends entirely on food. One of the metabolites of eicosapentaenoic acid is prostacyclin, which can inhibit platelet aggregation. Patients with liver cirrhosis already have coagulation factor production disorder and a small number of platelets. Once they eat fish containing more eicosapentaenoic acid, platelet aggregation will decrease, which is easy to cause bleeding and difficult to stop. Therefore, it is best for patients with liver cirrhosis who are prone to bleeding to ban these four kinds of fish. Other fish contain less eicosapentaenoic acid, such as carp, flounder and mackerel. If patients with liver cirrhosis want to increase protein in order to eliminate ascites, it is ok to eat crucian carp soup. Fourth, avoid eating too much polysaccharide.
As we all know, patients with hepatitis should give up some sugar properly. However, patients with liver cirrhosis are different. Due to the serious damage of liver cells during liver cirrhosis, the function of liver to synthesize glycogen and convert some monosaccharides into fat has been obviously reduced. At this time, if patients eat a lot of sugar for a long time, diabetes will be complicated with hepatic diabetes, which will increase the difficulty in the treatment of liver cirrhosis.
5. Avoid taking too much protein.
Eating more protein in patients with liver cirrhosis can not only increase the content of plasma protein, prevent or reduce the fatty infiltration of liver, but also promote the recovery and regeneration of liver tissue. However, which hospital is good for treating liver cirrhosis in Changsha? If the total intake of protein for three meals a day exceeds the limit of 2-3.5 grams per kilogram of body weight per day, there will be side effects. Excessive protein produces too much ammonia in the body, which cannot be converted into non-toxic substances by the liver, and the final result is hepatic coma. If the patient has been suffering from hepatic coma or has symptoms of hepatic coma, the intake of protein should be strictly limited, and the weight per kilogram should not exceed 0.5g per day. It can be seen that it is of great significance for patients with liver cirrhosis to appropriately adjust the intake of protein according to their own conditions.
Six, avoid alcohol and tobacco
Long-term drinking can lead to alcoholic gastritis and even alcoholic cirrhosis. Drinking alcohol can also lead to epigastric discomfort, loss of appetite and protein and vitamin B deficiency. In addition, alcohol has a direct toxic effect on liver cells. Nicotine can contract blood vessels, resulting in decreased blood supply to the liver, affecting the nutrition of the liver, which is not conducive to the stability of liver disease. Therefore, patients with liver cirrhosis should avoid alcohol and tobacco.
Seven, avoid spicy food.
In liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension can cause dilation of lower esophagus, gastric fundus and anal vein, and liver cirrhosis is often complicated with gastric mucosal erosion and ulcer. If the patient eats spicy food such as pepper again, it will promote gastric mucosal congestion and peristalsis, thus inducing upper gastrointestinal bleeding, causing anal burning pain and increased stool times, aggravating hemorrhoids and causing anal fissure.