The peach blossom belongs to the superior flower of the ovary, which consists of flower stalk, receptacle, calyx, petals, stamens and pistil. According to the size and shape of the petals of peach blossom, it can be categorized into two kinds (Fig. 4): one is the rose type with large petals; the other is the bell type with small petals.
Figure 4 Peach blossom type and structure
1. ovary 2. pistil 3. petals 4. stamen 5. sepals
Most peach tree varieties are complete flowers, i.e., they have well-developed female and male organs on the same flower. However, in the process of flower bud differentiation, if encountered insufficient nutrient supply, frost damage, etc., caused by the pistil short, browning or pistil degradation phenomenon. The production of a small amount of pistil degradation has little effect on yield. Some varieties of pollen abortion phenomenon in the lack of viable pollen or no pollen in the capsule, often referred to as the female can flower or male abortion, such as the deep state peach, May fresh, sand early life, pass ten Lang and so on. In the greenhouse cultivation of peach, if the temperature is not handled properly during the warming period, it will cause deformation of ovule development and degradation of the embryo sac, resulting in a large number of flowers and fruits after flowering. In addition, some peach varieties or peach tree bud differentiation during the environmental conditions are not appropriate, but also produce some deformed flowers, such as heavy flowers, double ovary flowers, etc..
Peach tree flower bud expansion, through the dew calyx period, dew petal period, the first flower period and bloom period. Flowers that bloom on the same day have light red petals and light greenish-white filaments, then gradually turn peach-colored, with filaments gathering and petals falling off. In most peach varieties (large-flowered varieties), when the petals open, it is the stamens that stick out first, followed by the pistil. But some peach tree varieties (small-flowered, such as some nectarine varieties) in the petal dehiscence, the first outstretched is the pistil.
Shijiazhuang Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry over the years on the relative height of the peach peach column and anthers was investigated, found that the stigma relative to the anthers there are four types: ① stigma lower than the anthers, such as Ruiban 4. ② stigma and anthers equal height, such as Chunxia honey, snow dew, Qin Wang, late honey, etc.. The stigma is higher than the anthers, such as Early Red No.2, Anong Water Honey, Meixia, etc. The stigma is higher than the anthers, but the stigma is bent to the same height as the anthers, e.g., sweet abundance. Generally the stigma and anthers equal height or lower than the anthers of the varieties, its fruiting rate is high, while the stigma is higher than the anthers of the varieties, its yield is low, generally pollen-free varieties of the stigma is higher than the anthers.
There are differences in the early and late flowering of different varieties. Different nodes on the same fruiting branch flowers open also have successive. The top flower is obviously earlier than the base flower. Early flowers produce large fruits.
After the petals fall off, the calyx tube forms a layer from the disk junction, and the calyx tube ruptures from here and falls off one after another. The period of formation of the calyx tube is more concentrated and consistent. However, in greenhouse cultivation, due to the relative humidity of the air inside the temperature room, coupled with the small air mobility, the calyx tube is not easy to fall off after rupture, such as rupture of the calyx tube after absorbing water for a long time, will cause the nectarine young fruit rot.
Most peach trees are self-flowering varieties, can be planted in a single species, but some varieties of male degeneration, no pollen, so planting should be configured to pollinate trees.