The sacrificial furnace on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month is closely related to the New Year in China. Because, a week later, on New Year's Eve, Kitchen God took away the good and bad luck that the family deserved and stayed with other gods.
Steamed steamed buns (19) came to the world together. Kitchen God is considered to guide the gods in the sky. Other gods have ascended to heaven after the Chinese New Year, and only Kitchen God will stay in other people's kitchens for a long time. The ceremony of welcoming God is called "receiving God", and the kitchen god is called "receiving kitchen". Generally, it is New Year's Eve to pick up the kitchen, and the ceremony is much simpler. At that time, just put on a new stove lamp and burn incense in front of the stove niche.
As the saying goes, "Men don't Yue Bai, women don't sacrifice to the kitchen". In some places, women don't sacrifice stoves. It is said that the kitchen god looks like a small white face and is afraid of women offering sacrifices to the kitchen stove, which is "suspected of men and women."
People pay attention to eating jiaozi on the Festival of Sacrificing Kitchen, which means "Look at the windward side of jiaozi". Eat more cakes and buckwheat noodles in mountainous areas. In the southeast of Shanxi, the custom of eating fried corn is popular. There is a saying in the folk proverb called "Twenty-three, don't eat fried corn, pour a pot at the beginning of the new year". People like to bond fried corn with maltose and freeze it into pieces, which tastes crisp and sweet.
crispy noodles
After the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, every household should steam steamed bread. Generally speaking, it can be divided into two types: worshipping God and visiting relatives. The former is solemn, while the latter is gorgeous. Especially to make a jujube hill for Kitchen God. "A steamed bread, neighbors to help". This is often a great opportunity for folk women to show their dexterity. Steamed bread is a handicraft.
write Spring Festival couplets
After the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, every household will write Spring Festival couplets. People pay attention to it, and God will stick it, and doors will stick it, and things will stick it, so Spring Festival couplets have the largest number and the most complete content. The couplets in front of the statues are particularly particular, and they are mostly words of admiration and blessing. Vulgar gods are the gods of heaven and earth. "The sky is as deep as the sea,
Sticking Spring Festival couplets (20) is as heavy as a mountain "; Land god alliance "white jade is born in the soil, gold is born in the ground"; God of wealth "God of wealth in heaven, God of wealth on earth"; Jing Shenlian "The well can pass through the four seas, and the home can pass through the three rivers". The granary and the Spring Festival couplets in the granary all expressed warm congratulations and hopes, such as "the grain is abundant and the six livestock are prosperous"; The rice surface is as thick as a mountain and the oil and salt are as deep as the sea "; Cows in Nanshan are like tigers, and in Ma Rulong in Beihai, "the big sheep are flourishing year by year, and the little sheep are increasing month by month" and so on. There are also some single couplets, such as "Looking up to see happiness" in each room, "Going out to see happiness" across the door, "Prosperity is soaring to the sky" on the fire, "The courtyard is full of gold" on the tree, and "Deep-rooted foliage" on the stone mill. The couplets on the gate are the facade of a family, which are particularly exquisite, lyrical or picturesque, rich in content and witty.
Eat stove candy
Kitchen sugar is a kind of maltose, which is very sticky. The candy that is drawn into a long strip is called "Guandong Sugar", and the candy that is drawn into a flat circle is called "honeydew melon". When it is put outside in winter, because of the cold weather, the honeydew melon is solidified firmly, and there are some tiny bubbles in it, which tastes crisp and sweet and has a special flavor. The real kwantung candy is too hard to break. Be sure to split it with a kitchen knife when eating. The material is very heavy and fine. The taste is slightly sour, there is no honeycomb in the middle, each piece weighs one or two, two or four, and the price is relatively expensive. There are two kinds of sugar: sesame sugar and sesame-free sugar.
Made of sugar into melon shape or north melon shape, the center is empty, and the skin thickness is less than five points. Although the size is different, the transaction is still calculated by weight. Some big honeydew melons weigh one or two kilograms, but few people buy them as a cover.
sweep the dust
After the Stove Festival, preparations for the Chinese New Year officially began. Dusting is year-end cleaning, which is called "house cleaning" in the north.
Posting New Year pictures (19) is called "dusting" in the south. Cleaning before the Spring Festival is a traditional habit of China people. Clean thoroughly outside, in front of and behind the house to welcome the Spring Festival. The custom of "sweeping the house with dust on the 24th of the twelfth lunar month" has a long history. According to Lu Chunqiu, China had the custom of sweeping dust during the Spring Festival in the Yao and Shun era. According to the folk saying, because of the homonym of "dust" and "Chen", sweeping dust in the Spring Festival means "getting rid of the old and not being new", and its original intention is to sweep away all "unlucky" and "unlucky". This custom has placed people's desire to break the old and create new ones and their prayers to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new.
1February 29th, New Year's Eve
The night on the last day of the twelfth lunar month, that is, the last day of the lunar year (30 days old and 29 days old) is called "New Year's Eve". It is connected with the Spring Festival (the first day of the first month), which is the day when people bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. Because the big moon has 30 days and the small moon has only 29 days, the date of New Year's Eve is different. But this day, whether it is 29 or 30, is customarily called "New Year's Eve". On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together to have a New Year's Eve dinner (the last meal of the Lunar New Year). After New Year's Eve, there is a custom of giving lucky money and staying up on New Year's Eve, which means from the last day of the lunar new year to the first day of the following year.
During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, a ceremony of "exorcism" was held in the palace at the end of each year to beat drums to drive away epidemic ghosts, which was called "banishment". Later, the day before New Year's Eve was called "small exorcism". New Year's Eve is New Year's Eve, that is, New Year's Eve.
Tian di Ji Biao
Legend has it that this night is the time when the gods in heaven are in the lower world, so there is a custom of receiving gods among the people. Heaven and earth table is a temporary offering table, specially designed for New Year's Eve, mainly used to receive gods. Generally, there is no big Buddhist temple house to pay special attention to, because there are few sacrifices to the Buddha at ordinary times, and a large reward should be given to the Buddha at the end of the year. The content of Heaven and Earth Table is different from that of perennial Buddhist temples. Except for some hanging money, incense sticks, five sacrifices and big sacrifices, most of the idols worshipped are temporary, such as Percentage, which is a woodcut idol album. "Eighteen Buddhas and Gods in the Three Realms of Heaven and Earth", a complete book of color printing, and woodcut on rhubarb fringed paper; Fu Lushou Samsung photo, etc. Some of the above images will be incinerated after receiving the gods, such as "percentage", and some will not be incinerated until the evening shift or even the Lantern Festival. The position of the table is not uniform. For example, the room is spacious and can be put in the house. If there is no land at home, put it in the yard.
Eat new year's eve dinner
Look at the Spring Festival Evening (Figure 6). When children are playing firecrackers, it is also the busiest time for housewives in the kitchen. Chinese New Year's dishes are all cooked a few days ago, and the New Year's Eve dinner is always cooked by the chef on New Year's Eve. In the north, jiaozi on the first day of New Year's Day will also be wrapped up on the evening of 30th. At this time, everyone's chopping boards are busy chopping meat and vegetables. At this time, the sound of chopping boards in every household, firecrackers in streets and alleys, abacus and accounting sounds in small shops are full of laughter and laughter, one after another, echoing, interwoven into a cheerful movement on New Year's Eve.
Eating New Year's Eve is the most lively and enjoyable time for every household in the Spring Festival. On New Year's Eve, a table is full of rich New Year's dishes, and the family get together, sit around the table and have a reunion dinner. The sense of accomplishment in my heart is beyond words. People not only enjoy the delicious food on the table, but also enjoy the happy atmosphere. There are big dishes, cold dishes, stir-fried dishes and snacks on the table. Generally, two things are indispensable, one is hot pot and the other is fish. The hot pot is boiling, steaming, warm and sultry, which indicates that it is thriving; "Fish" and "fish" are homophonic, symbolizing "more happiness and more celebration" and also meaning "more than one year". There are also radishes, commonly known as vegetable heads. Good luck. Lobster, fried fish and other fried foods, wish your family prosperity, such as "cooking oil with fire." Finally, dessert, I wish the future sweet. Even if you can't drink on this day, you can drink a little.
There are many kinds of New Year's Eve dinners, including jiaozi, wonton, long noodles and Yuanxiao. , and each has its own emphasis. Northerners are used to eating jiaozi during Chinese New Year (the custom of eating jiaozi was handed down from the Han Dynasty), which means "making friends when young". Because the white flour jiaozi is shaped like a silver ingot, the pots and pans on the table symbolize the meaning of "getting rich in the New Year, and the ingots are rolling in". Some wrapped jiaozi and some coins sterilized with boiling water, saying that whoever ate first would make more money. Eating wonton in the New Year is based on its original meaning. Legend has it that the world was in chaos before it was created, and Pangu began to create the universe. Long noodles, also known as longevity noodles, eat noodles in the New Year and wish you a long life.
Watch the Spring Festival Gala
Although this is not an ancient custom, the Spring Festival Gala became popular after the 1980s because of the popularity of television.
Every year, more than five cultural "feasts" are indispensable for China people. Every year, more than/kloc-0.0 billion people around the world watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV or the Internet.
stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve
Since the Han Dynasty, the alternation of the new year and the old year is generally at midnight, and celebrating the New Year's Eve is one of the most important annual customs. The custom of observing the old age has a long history, which was first seen in the local chronicles of the Western Jin Dynasty: on New Year's Eve, all parties give gifts to each other, which is called "giving back the old age"; Wine and food are invited, which is called "not old"; Young and old get together to drink and wish a complete song called "age division"; Everyone stays up all night, waiting for dawn. This is the so-called "shou sui".
On New Year's Eve, the whole family get together, eat New Year's Eve, light candles or oil lamps, sit around the stove and chat, wait for the time to bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, and keep vigil all night, which symbolizes driving away all evil diseases and epidemics and expecting good luck in the new year. This custom gradually became popular. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, wrote a poem "Shou Sui": "Cold words and winter snow, warm with spring breeze". To this day, people are used to celebrating the New Year's Eve.
In ancient times, observing the age has two meanings: the old man's observing the age means "resigning from the old", which means cherishing time; Young people keep their age in order to prolong the life of their parents.
Communicate with god
Receiving God means dividing the old year into the new year, but the time of receiving God is not uniform. Some people begin to hold ceremonies as soon as their children arrive, some people begin to receive gods at midnight when their children are "right", and some people do so after their children are "right". After the sacrifice, immortals from all walks of life returned to the Heavenly Palace, ignoring worldly affairs, and after New Year's Eve, that is, when the New Year came, they came to direct on earth. The ceremony of receiving gods was held at the table of heaven and earth, presided over by the oldest person in the family. Because the immortals live in different directions in heaven, the lower bound naturally comes in different directions. As for who to meet and where to come from, we should check the "constitution book" in advance, lead the whole family to hold incense in the yard, and follow their instructions to meet the gods. For example, Xin Weinian's "Constitution Book" states that "God of Wealth is due east, God of Wealth is due south, you God is northeast, West God is southwest, and Tai Sui God is southwest". After kowtowing according to the position, stand still until the incense is exhausted, and then kowtow. Finally, take down the fragrant roots, idols and ingots, put them into the money and grain pots already prepared in the yard, and burn them with pine branches and sesame stalks. When the gods were closed, firecrackers exploded and the atmosphere was extremely strong.
tread on
After receiving the gods, sesame stalks spread from the street gate to the door of the house, and people walked on it, making a noise, which was called "stepping on the old" or "stepping on the special". Because "broken" and "treasure" are homophonic, it means that the new year begins to exorcise evil spirits.
Pick up the god of wealth
In the old society, since the financial door was opened at midnight during the Spring Festival, people have sent the God of Wealth. The god of wealth shouted outside the door with a piece of paper in his hand, "Here comes the man who sent the god of wealth!" " At this time, the owner of the house welcomed the arrival of the god of wealth and gave the reward to the bearer. Say something auspicious when sending the god of wealth, such as "gold and silver treasures are rolling in!" There are a pair of golden lions on the left and a pair of golden phoenix on the right.
In addition, some people dressed in red robes, gauze hats, beards on their mouths, yellow cloth bags on their backs, dressed as the god of wealth, followed by several drummers, and distributed statues of the god of wealth from door to door as a reward. Every time I go to someone's door, I will sing a bunch of auspicious words, such as "the left compartment is full of gold and silver, and the right compartment is full of treasure", until the owner happily takes over the statue of the god of wealth and gives them some money. These talents thank each other and fight harder later. In the sound of gongs and drums, go to another house.
The first day of the lunar new year
Setting off firecrackers (1 1) was originally called "New Year's Day", and the original meaning of "yuan" was "head", and later it was extended to "start". This day is the first day of the year, the first day of spring and the first day of the first month, so it is called "Sanyuan". Because this day is still the old dynasty, the moon dynasty and the Japanese dynasty, it is also called the "three dynasties"; Because it is the first Shuori, it is also called "Yuanshuo". On the first day of the first month, there are other nicknames, such as Shangri-La, Zheng Chao, Sanshuo and Shisan, which means the beginning of a year, January and a day.
Open the door and set off firecrackers.
When the door is opened in the morning of the Spring Festival, firecrackers are set off first, which is called "opening the door to set off firecrackers". After the firecrackers, the ground is broken red, which is the so-called "full house". At this time, the streets are full of anger and joy.
Pay new year's call
On the first day of the new year, men get up early, put on the most beautiful clothes, dress neatly, go out to visit relatives and friends, and wish each other good luck in the coming year. There are many ways to pay New Year's greetings, some of which are led by the same patriarch from door to door. Some colleagues invited several people to pay New Year greetings; Others get together to congratulate each other. This is called "group worship". Because it takes time and effort to pay New Year greetings at home, some elites and scholars later congratulated each other with famous cards, thus developing the later "New Year cards".
When paying New Year greetings during the Spring Festival, the younger generation should first pay New Year greetings to their elders and wish them health and longevity. The elders can distribute the lucky money prepared in advance to the younger generation. It is said that lucky money can kill evil spirits, because "old" and "special" are homophonic, and the younger generation can spend a year safely with lucky money. There are two kinds of lucky money, one is to put colored rope in the shape of Jackie Chan at the foot of the bed, which was recorded in Yanjing year; The other is the most common, that is, parents wrap the money distributed to their children in red paper. Lucky money can be given in public after the younger generation pays New Year's greetings, or it can be secretly put under the child's pillow by parents when the child falls asleep on New Year's Eve. It is still very popular for elders to give lucky money to younger generations.
Zhansui
Lucky money (17) In the old society, this year, because the weather was sunny a few days ago in Xinzheng, the people all accepted it. Its theory began in Dong Fangshuo's "Year", which means that eight days after the year, one day is chicken day, two days are dogs, three days are pigs, four days are sheep, five days are cows, six days are horses, seven days are people and eight days are valleys. If it is sunny, things that belong to it will breed, if it is cloudy, the days that belong to it will not last long. Later generations follow their habits and think that the weather is sunny from the first day to the tenth day, and there is no wind or snow for good luck. Later generations developed from the occupation era to a series of sacrifices and celebrations.
Drink Tu Su wine.
Tu Su wine is a kind of medicinal liquor. In the ancient custom, the whole family drank Tu Su wine on January Day to eliminate unhealthy tendencies. Tu Su wine is made by hanging rhubarb, platycodon grandiflorum, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Cinnamomum cassia, Cornus officinalis and Saposhnikovia divaricata in a well, picking them at the end of Yuan Dynasty and cooking them with the wine for four or five times. In ancient times, Tu Su wine was drunk in a unique way. Most people drink alcohol, always starting from the elderly; But drinking Tu Su wine is just the opposite, starting with the smallest. Perhaps young people grow up day by day, drinking first to congratulate them, and old people drinking late to retain them. Su Zhe, a writer in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "In addition to Japan" that "it has been more than 70 years since Tu Su drank the last drink every year", which is a custom. In ancient times, this unique drinking order often caused people to have various emotions, so it left a deep impression on people.
Jucai
It is said that the first day of the first month is the birthday of a broom, so you can't use a broom on this day, otherwise it will ruin your fortune, attract a "broom star" and cause bad luck. If you must sweep the floor, you must sweep it from the outside to the inside. Don't throw water on the garbage on this day, for fear of breaking the money. Today, many places still have the custom of cleaning up New Year's Eve. On the first day of New Year's Day, there was no broom or garbage, and a large barrel of wastewater was prepared to avoid splashing outside that day.
The second day of the first lunar month.
On the second day of the first month (the third day of the first month in the northern region), the married daughter returned to her mother's house with her husband and children to pay New Year's greetings.
Go back to my parents' home (15 photos). When a daughter returns to her mother's house, there must be a big bag of biscuits and sweets distributed by her mother to her neighbors, just like the scene of the New Year. If there are many daughters at home, and these daughters don't come back on the same day, then we must share one at a time. The gift is quite thin, just four biscuits. But it reflects the deep affection, the real "courtesy is light and affection is heavy", and expresses the girl's miss for the villagers. When the girl goes home, if there is a nephew at home, menstruation has to pay again. Although she gave lucky money on New Year's Day, this time it had a different meaning. This custom is called "eating midnight snack" by Chaoshan people. As the name implies, it's just lunch, and the daughter must get back to her husband's house before dinner.
Sacrifice to the God of Wealth (North)
In the north, the god of wealth sacrifices on the second day of the first month. On this day, both commercial shops and ordinary families will hold activities to worship the god of wealth. Families offered sacrifices to the God of Wealth who arrived on New Year's Eve. In fact, the bought rough printed matter was incinerated. I want to eat wonton at noon this day, commonly known as "Yuanbao soup". Fish and mutton were used as sacrifices. On this day, big businesses in old Beijing held large-scale sacrificial activities, offering sacrifices with "five sacrifices", that is, whole pig, whole sheep, whole chicken, whole duck and red live carp, hoping to make a fortune this year.
On the third day of the first month
The third day of the first month is the day when Nu Wa herded sheep, so it is called "Sheep Day". On this day, people cannot kill sheep. If the weather is good, it means that sheep will be raised well and sheep farmers will have a good harvest this year.
Burning door god paper
In the old society, on the third day, pine and cypress branches were burned together with the janitor's note hanging on the festival to show that the New Year had passed and it was time to start business. As the saying goes, "if you burn the janitor's paper, one will seek physiology."
Guzi birthday
People think that the third day of the first month is Xiaomi's birthday. On this day, people hope to sacrifice and pray for the new year. They don't eat rice.
Xiaonianchao
That is, tianqing festival. The court festival in the Song Dynasty, the first year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu, was spread all over the world because of the gobbledygook, so Zhenzong issued an imperial edict, which designated the third day of the first month as Tianqing Festival, and officials and others had five days off. Later, it was called Xiaonian Dynasty, which did not sweep the floor, beg for fire or draw water, just like the old dynasty.
Post "Red Mouth"
In the south of China, on the morning of the third day of New Year's Eve, a "red mouth" is posted. I think this day is easy to quarrel and not suitable for New Year's greetings. The so-called "red mouth" is usually a red note about seven or eight inches long and one inch wide, on which are written some words of peace and good luck (format: "On the third day of the first month of 1994, the front door of the gods should be nailed down, and every man and woman who steals Mars will be rewarded"). One is posted on the top of the front and back doors, and the other is picked out and thrown out on the garbage. These rubbish are all piled up on the second day of the first grade, and they should be cleaned up and dumped together by the third grade. Otherwise, it is equivalent to the outflow of gold and silver at home. In a word, sticking a "red mouth" is to make people feel that they can go in and out safely all year round, will not quarrel with others, and will not encounter all kinds of unfortunate disasters, and make more money at home and all the best.
"year of sending"
Generally speaking, the ceremony of sending gods and ancestors back to heaven is held at night.
The fifth day of the first month
The god of wealth is commonly known as the fifth day of the first month.
There is a folk custom of eating jiaozi, which means to make money and cherish it. According to the old habit of eating "dumplings" once every five days (called "boiled cakes" in the north), some people only eat them for three or two days, and some eat them every other day. However, there is nothing you can't eat. In ancient times, this was true from the royal residence to the small houses in the streets and even entertaining guests. Women no longer taboo, began to visit each other and congratulate each other. Newly married women go home on this day. Many taboos can be broken after folklore tells them on this day. It is not appropriate to do things on the day of the break, otherwise something will happen this year. In addition to the above taboos, the custom of breaking Mayday is mainly to send the poor, welcome the god of wealth and open the market for trade.
Sacrifice to the God of Wealth (South)
Southerners sacrifice to the god of wealth on the fifth day of the first month. According to folklore, the God of Wealth is the Five Gods. The so-called five roads refer to the east, west, north and south, which means that you can get money when you go out of five doors. Every new year, people open doors and windows, burn incense, set off firecrackers and fireworks to welcome the god of wealth at 0: 00 on the fifth day of the first month. After receiving the god of wealth, everyone still has to eat road wine, often until dawn. Everyone is full of hope of getting rich. I hope the god of wealth can bring home gold and silver treasures in the new year and make a fortune. They say the sooner you meet the end of the road, the better. The first one you receive is the true god, which is particularly effective, so it is called "grabbing the road". In some places, the fourth day of January is really "grabbing the road" and it has become a custom.
Send the poor
On the fifth day of the first month, "seeing the poor off" is a unique custom among the ancient people in China. It means offering sacrifices to poor ghosts (poor gods). The pauper, also known as "pauper", is said to be the son of Zhuan Xu. He is weak and short, and likes to wear rags and drink porridge. In hancheng city, Shaanxi Province, people should avoid going out on the fifth day, and roast fresh meat in a pot, and stir-fry beans to make them crack and make a sound. They think that they can break the poor and get rich. In addition, in the old New Year's Eve or the fifth day of the first month, you should eat very full, commonly known as "filling the poor pit". The popular custom of sending the poor reflects the traditional psychology of China people who generally hope to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new in the new year, send away the old poverty and hardships and welcome a better life.
open the market
During the old custom Spring Festival, large and small shops closed together from the beginning of the New Year, but opened on the fifth day of the first month. People are used to taking the fifth day of the first month as the holy day of the god of wealth, thinking that choosing this day to open the market will definitely make a fortune. The stock market also opened on this day.
The seventh day of the first month
The seventh day of the first month is People's Day, also called People's Victory Day, People's Celebration Day, Population Day and People's Seventh Day. Legendary female
Vulcan (20 pictures) was created at the beginning of creation. After animals such as chickens, dogs, pigs, cows and horses were created, people were created on the seventh day, so this day is the birthday of mankind. Some people began to observe daily customs in the Han dynasty, and they began to pay attention to it after the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In ancient times, people had the custom of "men winning". Men's victory is a headdress, also called Cai Sheng and Watson. Since the Jin Dynasty, people cut the ribbon for flowers, cut the ribbon for people, or carved gold foil for people to hang a screen and wear it in their hair. In addition, there is the custom of climbing high and writing poems. After the Tang Dynasty, more attention was paid to this festival. Every day, the emperor gave his ministers colorful victories and boarded a grand banquet. If the weather is fine on the seventh day of the first month, the population will be safe and smooth in the first year.
Smoky sky
On this day, people will eat "box dishes" (a kind of cooked food) of spring pancake rolls and spread pancakes in the yard to smoke the sky.
Eat qibao soup
Qibao soup is a soup made of seven kinds of vegetables, which people eat when they are alive to get good omen. It is said that it can dispel evil spirits and cure diseases. Different places have different products, different fruits and vegetables and different meanings. Mustard, cabbage, leek, spring vegetables, celery, garlic and thick-petalled vegetables used in Chaoshan, Guangdong; Hakka people use celery, garlic, onion, coriander and leek to match fish. Spinach, celery, onion and garlic, leeks, mustard greens, shepherd's purse and Chinese cabbage are used in Taiwan Province Province and Fujian Province. Among them, celery and green onions are smart, garlic is good at calculation, and mustard makes people live longer.
fire-fiend
On the Shandong Peninsula, the seventh day of the first month is also a time to send Vulcan. Children choose a wooden stick about two meters long and bind it with wheat straw, which is called Vulcan. At dusk, one end of Vulcan is lit at home, and the children run away from home with the other end of Vulcan until it burns out. This activity means to send Vulcan out of the house, and there will be no fire in the house within one year, which is very safe.
The eighth day of the first month
Legend has it that the eighth day is Xiaomi's birthday. If it's sunny this day, there will be a bumper harvest of rice this year. If it's cloudy, it's a sorry year.
Shunxing
Shunxing, also known as sacrificial star. On the night of the eighth day of the first month, whether people go to the temple to worship the star king or not (that is, Shunxing), they will wait for the stars to rise.
After the Chinese knot (16) is aligned, each family will hold a ritual ceremony of auspicious stars. When offering sacrifices to the stars, you should put a "golden lamp" (yellow snuff) on the desk, stove, threshold, pot, etc. and light it, which is called "scattering snuff", which means avoiding evil. After the sacrifice of the stars, the whole family got together for the Lantern Festival.
the Lantern Festival
The festival customs of Lantern Festival are very distinctive. Festivals and custom activities also extend and expand with the development of history. As far as the length of festivals is concerned, there is only one day in Han Dynasty, three days in Tang Dynasty and five days in Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the Lantern Festival lasted from the eighth day to the seventeenth night of the first month. Ten whole days. It is a city during the day, which is very lively; It's spectacular to light the lights at night. Especially the exquisite and colorful lights make it the climax of entertainment activities during the New Year. [5]
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Dietary customs
Laba porridge
Laba Laba porridge festival. On this day, people in China have the custom of eating Laba porridge. Drinking Laba porridge has a history of thousands of years in China. La was originally the name of a ceremony in ancient times, which was called "Qing Sacrifice" in Xia Dynasty, "Jia Ping" in Yin Dynasty and "La" in Zhou Dynasty. "La" evolved from the word "hunting", so "La" and "hunting" are interlinked. Because at the end of the year, the crops have been harvested and dried, people go to the wild to hunt animals to worship their ancestors and gods, pray for a long life and avoid disasters. It's called La Worship. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month was officially designated as Laba Festival, on which ancestors and gods were sacrificed to pray for good harvest and good luck. It is said that Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, realized enlightenment on the eighth day of December, so Laba is also a Buddhist festival, called "Buddhist Enlightenment Festival". On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, there is a custom of drinking Laba porridge all over China.
According to historical records, China has been drinking Laba porridge for more than 1000 years. It first started in the Song Dynasty. Every Laba Festival, no matter rich or poor, everyone drinks Laba porridge. The earliest Laba porridge was boiled with red beans, and then it gradually evolved, becoming more colorful and with local characteristics. "Laba porridge", also called "Qibao porridge" and "Five-flavor porridge", is not only sweet and delicious, but also produces fluid with the stomach, so it is quite popular among people. With the development of the times, Laba porridge with more and more patterns has developed into a snack with local flavor. Laba itself is a traditional festival and a prelude to the New Year's Festival. It can be said that Laba Festival kicked off the Spring Festival. "Don't be greedy, children. After Laba, it is the year. " "Eat laba rice and do it for a year." After Laba Festival, the Spring Festival is approaching. People begin to buy new year's goods, clean and decorate their rooms, and welcome the arrival of the new year with a brand-new look.
New Year cake; rice cake
Eating rice cakes in the Spring Festival, "It is better to take one year than one year and pray for one year." It means that every year goes well. The types of rice cakes are: white rice cakes and yellow rice cakes in the north; There are water mill rice cakes in Jiangnan; There is glutinous rice in the southwest; There are red turtle cakes in Taiwan Province province. "Gao" has been called in Han dialect, which was popular in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Jia Sixie's Book of Qi Yaomin records the production method. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, cakes have developed into snacks supplied in the market all year round, and the flavors in the north and south are different. There are two kinds of rice cakes in the north: steamed and fried. In addition to steaming and frying, there are other methods in the south, such as frying in slices and cooking in soup.
Chinese dumpling
In the north, jiaozi has the tradition of eating jiaozi for dinner, but the custom of eating jiaozi varies from place to place. Some places eat jiaozi on New Year's Eve, some places eat jiaozi on New Year's Day, and some mountainous areas in the north have the custom of eating jiaozi every morning from the first day to the fifth day. Eating jiaozi is a unique way for people to express their wish for good luck when they bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year. According to the method of punctuality in ancient China, the time is from 1 1 in the evening to 1 the next morning.
"Intersection" is the moment when the new year and the old year intersect. Jiaozi means getting married at an older age, and eating jiaozi during the Spring Festival is considered a great luck. In addition, jiaozi is shaped like an ingot, wrapping jiaozi means wrapping good luck, while eating jiaozi symbolizes prosperity. Different from the north, the New Year's Eve dinner in the south usually has hot pot and fish. Hot pot boiling, steaming, warm and sultry, thriving; "Fish" and "fish" are homophonic, symbolizing "good luck and wishful thinking", and also implying happiness in life and "having more than one year". There are also some places in the south that pay attention to eating rice cakes during the Spring Festival, which is high every year, symbolizing a bumper harvest year by year and a higher realm.
On the fifteenth night of the first lunar month; Lantern Festival; night of the 15th of the first lunar month；Lantern Festival；yuanxiao
In the south, it is called "Tangyuan". In Jiangsu, Shanghai and other places, it is customary to eat glutinous rice balls on the morning of New Year's Day.
Lantern Festival is called "Shangyuan Festival" by Taoism. According to the story of Yi Tu's real (young girl) ring in Yuan Dynasty, it is recorded in Sanyutie that after the death of the goddess the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, you fell ill. On the fourteenth day of the first month, a teenager suddenly asked for an audience, claiming to be the messenger of Chang 'e, and said, "Madam knows you are thinking, and there is no way to go down. Tomorrow is the full moon. You should use rice flour as a pill, put it in the northwest of the room, call your wife's name, and you can go down in three nights. " You obeyed the law, and Chang 'e really came. It can be seen that eating Lantern Festival means "reunion is like the moon".
In the Ming Dynasty, Lantern Festival was very common in Beijing, and the practice was no different from today. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the "Babao Lantern Festival" and the Ma Siyuan Lantern Festival prevailed in the ruling and opposition parties. In the early years of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai ordered that it was forbidden to shout Yuanxiao, because it had the same pronunciation as "Yuan Xiao".
In addition to glutinous rice noodles, there are glutinous sorghum noodles, yellow wheat and so on. The fillings include sweet-scented osmanthus sugar, mountain slag sugar, assorted foods, bean paste, jujube paste and so on. Physically, there are walnuts as big as soybeans, "Baizi Tangyuan", and "deerskin Tangyuan" with solid and thin skin in jiaozi.