First, the status quo
"The country is based on the people, the people eat for heaven". Scientific and reasonable dietary structure is closely related to national prosperity, national prosperity. Food and nutrition are the basic conditions for human survival, and nutritional status is an important factor affecting the quality of the population. It directly affects the physical and intellectual development of young people. However, according to the survey found that now the rate of partiality of students in more than 70%, these partiality of students like to eat chocolate, fried food, puffed food, sweets, beverages, pork products of a higher proportion, do not like the food is mainly green leafy vegetables (bok choy, spinach, etc.), carrots, fish, mushrooms, black fungus, garlic, kelp, and so on, and adhere to the proportion of students who drink milk, eat fruits and eat vegetables at every meal is very small.
In addition, influenced by subjective factors, some students have developed highly abnormal eating habits, such as eating breakfast on the way to school accounted for 8%, and about 10% of students eat late night snacks every day.
According to the survey, a well-known kindergarten in Wuhan, Monday to Friday lunch recipes, simply summarized as meat + vegetables. Monday, braised pork, cabbage, seaweed soup; Tuesday, braised pork ribs, bok choy, yellow sprouts shrimp skin soup; Wednesday, sweet and sour pork chops, yellow sprouts shredded pork, seaweed soup; Thursday, bok choy square leg vegetable rice, borscht; Friday, soy sauce eggs, oil tofu roast pork, amaranth, seaweed shrimp skin soup. Fish and shrimp food is almost hard to see a trace.
And in another middle school, students reflected, due to irregular breakfast irregular amount, the morning on the third and fourth period of physical education class, from time to time, some students fainted.
Some students also reflected that the school in the lunch supply of vegetables and rice, pasta, the supply is insufficient, many students ate half-full half-starved.
University campuses are relatively better because the cafeterias are more formal. Cafeteria to provide students with diversified food, choose more varieties, high school and low-grade, meat with a more reasonable, students can choose their own needs according to the needs of the food, but some non-key institutions and private colleges and universities is not optimistic: the cafeteria is quite simple, the school around the stalls stationed in piles, the health situation is very poor, let alone what nutrition, students rarely eat dinner, most of the students at night to the private stalls to eat snacks (such as roadside barbecue, snacks), the students are not able to eat. such as roadside barbecue, snacks, etc.).
Two, analyze
1, not enough implementation
Although governments at all levels have introduced a number of policies, including the State Council, Ministry of Health, the original "Health Regulations" rose to the height of the "Food Hygiene Law", but many departments are not enough implementation.
2, the attention is not high
Society, schools, families do not attach much importance to nutritional hygiene, especially schools and families believe that children studying in school, mainly learning, eating on the line, many schools believe that the cafeteria for the logistics sector, schools generally attach importance to teaching, research, that logistics is a burden, some schools will be contracted to private management of the cafeteria, the pursuit of economic benefits, and some schools will be Logistics as wealth, the pursuit of greater benefits.
3, the lack of professional nutritional personnel
According to the survey, Wuhan and even in Hubei Province, schools and kindergartens are really equipped with professional nutritionist schools and canteens are minimal. Some are equipped with a nutritionist, but simply prepare recipes, but, with recipes, the production of cooks in the ideological awareness is not enough, can not *** with the importance of understanding the scientific diet, can not let the nutritional recipes are widely used in the daily life of students.
Three, improve
1, awareness-raising, the promotion of student nutritional meals included in the important agenda and work plan
Domestic and foreign experience has shown that the promotion of student nutritional meals is a balanced diet, to solve the problem of malnutrition in primary and secondary school students an effective way to improve the level of health of students and the quality of the nation's important initiatives, but also to promote the development of the food industry and catering industry is a breakthrough. This work is mainly the responsibility of localities. Localities should promote student nutrition as an important measure to promote quality education, improve the quality of the Chinese nation into the work plan, into the education work, and actively create conditions, grasp the pilot, sum up the experience, and gradually expand the promotion. Provincial capitals, cities and cities and the conditions of the region should be combined with the local situation to develop the "Tenth Five-Year" period of student nutrition and promotion of pilot programs and medium- and long-term planning, and as a matter of concern for the public's life to do a major event to grasp.
2, according to local conditions, to explore the development of student nutritional feeding ways and practices
Since the eighties, some of the initial experience of the pilot cities show that the promotion of student nutritional feeding should follow the "government-led, enterprise participation, school organization, parents voluntary" approach, give full play to the government's role in organizing and coordinating the mobilization of all relevant departments, producers and enterprises, and to mobilize the production and distribution of food. The government should give full play to its role in organizing and coordinating the program, and mobilize all relevant departments, production enterprises, primary and secondary schools, civil society and social forces to actively participate in the program. Local economic and trade, education, health departments to organize the relevant parties, unified deployment, carefully organized, to take the necessary supportive policies and measures to promote the work of student nutrition from point to point, from the urban areas to the outskirts of the city, from the big cities to small and medium-sized cities and even developed townships, and actively and steadily carry out, to prevent the emergence of a rush, laissez-faire and disordered competition. In the expansion of reform and opening up and the implementation of school logistics socialization of the new situation, to be based on the existing work, according to local conditions, to explore the work of student nutritional feeding mode and practice, and constantly improve in practice.
3, adhere to the quality first, grasp the qualification of student nutrition meal production enterprises and production
Student nutrition meal is to ensure that the growth and health of students for the purpose of production units in accordance with the requirements of a balanced diet, in strict sanitation and disinfection conditions to provide students with safe and hygienic, in line with the nutritional standards of the color, aroma and taste of the best meal, with stringent requirements, risks, involving a wide range of social benefits and other characteristics. It is characterized by strict requirements, high risks, extensive coverage and high social benefits. Therefore, the production of nutritious meals for students should be subject to a fixed-point system and the management of fixed-point enterprise qualification recognition. After expert evaluation, the production enterprises will apply for health permits and industrial and commercial business licenses for student nutritious meals in accordance with the relevant regulations, and become designated production enterprises. Schools choose from among a number of enterprises recognized on the basis of merit. School canteens with good production conditions and large scale can supply nutritious meals to students in their schools after assessment and approval. Each district may, according to the number of students, the need for meal supply and development potential, do a good job in the layout and planning and standardized management of the production and distribution of nutritious meals for students. The designated production units should correctly handle the relationship between social and economic benefits, and adhere to the principle of capital preservation and profitability, quality first. Production enterprises are responsible for the safety and operation of student nutritional meals. Each production unit must be equipped with a nutritionist, in accordance with the "student nutrition lunch nutritional supply" (WS/T100 a 1998) and "student nutrition meal production enterprise health norms" (WSl03 a 1999) and other national standards to prepare recipes, the development of complementary management methods and personnel training system, improve the process and equipment, in order to ensure quality.
4, strict hygiene to ensure food safety and nutritional food work smoothly
History of the lessons learned proved that good health and safety, to prevent food poisoning, is the minimum requirements of the work of the student nutritional food and can continue to carry out the key to normal. Therefore, the designated production enterprises and units must establish a highly responsible spirit for the people and the majority of children and young people, carefully organized and carefully arranged. The health sector should be based on the "Chinese People's *** and the State Food Hygiene Law", "student collective meal health supervision methods" and the provisions of the relevant regulations, to strengthen supervision and law enforcement, focusing on the whole process of production of nutritional meals for students, health supervision and regular inspections. Each production unit should establish a set of perfect hygiene management system, implemented in each production and supply links. To strengthen health and nutrition education for production staff, the implementation of the job responsibility system. To install the necessary laboratory testing equipment, timely health monitoring, to prevent poisoning and other accidents.
5, the implementation of science and education strategy, give full play to the role of professional scientific and technical personnel in the research and promotion of student nutrition
The promotion of student nutrition is a scientific, professional and knowledge of the work of a very strong, we must fully rely on the relevant experts and technicians, and vigorously popularize the nutritional knowledge to strengthen the systematic study of nutritional food, improve the production process and management, planned and organized training of nutritional personnel, and the promotion of nutritional knowledge, to enhance the nutritional knowledge, strengthen the systematic study of nutritional food, improve production processes and management, planned and organized training of nutritional personnel. We must fully rely on experts and technicians from relevant fields to popularize nutrition knowledge, strengthen systematic research on nutritional food, improve production process and management, train nutritional talents in a planned and organized manner, and carry out enterprise qualification recognition as well as investigation, research and experience summary. With the development of student nutrition work, to make full use of the Internet and other advanced means to establish a local and national information network system.
6, vigorously carry out publicity and education on nutrition and health, to obtain the understanding and support of the whole society on student nutrition
Student nutrition is a new thing, involving the majority of children and teenagers in the cultivation of scientific dietary habits and hundreds of millions of people to improve the quality of life. In the implementation of the student nutrition meal program throughout the process, should be unremittingly carry out nutrition and health publicity and education, to achieve a household name, in-depth popularity, correct guidance, and strive for support. To make use of the press, television, radio and other publicity media, to take a variety of effective ways to organize experts, entrepreneurs and people from all walks of life, vigorously publicize the importance and far-reaching impact of student nutrition meal. In particular, we must do a good job of school leaders, teachers and students and parents of the mobilization of work, through a variety of effective ways, as a "health promotion school" is an important element of the publicity of the important role of student nutrition and related knowledge.
7, with the existing special programs to promote the faster development of the student nutrition program
In the pilot, demonstration and promotion of student nutrition in the process of nutritional feeding, with the National Soybean Action Plan, primary and secondary school students soybean milk program (Northeast Provinces) pilot, the National Student Milk Program, as well as the local deployment of the relevant, in order to achieve greater results. Under the new situation of promoting nutritious lunches for students, milk (or soy milk) should be advocated in urban primary and secondary schools during school hours. Conditional places can also promote student nutrition breakfast or dinner, and from the local reality, to explore different groups of people, different forms of nutritional food pathway.
Student nutrition is not only an important aspect of primary and secondary education and health work, but also food and catering in the field of emerging industries. Economic and trade, education, health and other departments to cooperate and work closely with the serious organization and implementation. Economic and trade departments to develop and implement relevant policies to strengthen industry management; education sector to grasp the school (including kindergartens and universities) nutritional food work organization and implementation, strengthen health education and nutritional knowledge propaganda as well as teachers, students and parents of the initiation of the work; health sector to strengthen the health supervision and inspection efforts to implement the enforcement of the accountability system.