(1) Soap water or salt water comes out for enema ① Prepare a set of enema tubes, such as a hose with a total length of 120 cm, a glass connecting tube, an anal canal, a blood vessel clamp or a wooden clamp, or a simple spherical enema device (one end of the ball is inserted into the anus and the other end is connected with the enema tube); 0. 1%-0.2% soapy water or physiological saline (warm boiled water 1000 ml, saline-alkali soil 9 g), dosage: 500- 1000 ml for adults, 200-500 ml for children according to their age, and the solution temperature is 39-4/kloc-0. (2) After urination, the patient is required to lie on the left side, bend his knees, and put a rubber plate and a big diaper under his buttocks. If the patient's anus is out of control, he can lie on his back and put the bedpan under his hips; (3) Hang the enema tube filled with enema liquid on the infusion stand, and the liquid level is 40-60 cm away from the anus. If the enema ball is used, the liquid can be sucked out by pressing the ball directly, and the enema is carried out without a hook. The front end of anal canal is soaked in soapy water for lubrication, which releases a small amount of liquid and exhausts the gas in the tube. Clamp it with a vascular clamp or a wooden clamp, gently insert the anal canal into the anus 10- 15cm, and loosen it. ④ If the inflow of solution is blocked, the anal canal can be moved slightly. If the patient has stool, the enema tube should be lowered appropriately and the patient should be told to take a deep breath to reduce abdominal pressure. ⑤ When the solution is almost full, clamp the hose, wrap the anal canal with toilet paper, pull it out and wipe the anus, and ask the patient to lie on his back for 5- 10 minutes before defecation; ⑥ Clean all items and disinfect anal canal for later use.

(2) Common solutions for small amount of solution enema are: ① "1,2,3" solution: 30 ml of 50% magnesium sulfate, 60 ml of glycerol and 90 ml of warm water (38℃); (2) Oils: 50 ml of glycerin and 50 ml of warm water, which are mostly used to lubricate the front end of anal canal for the elderly, the infirm, children or pregnant women. Suck out the solution with a 20 ml syringe 1 time, connect the anal canal, clamp the anal canal after exhausting, gently insert it into the anus 10- 15 cm, loosen the anal canal, and slowly inject the solution. After injecting the solution, inject warm water 5- 10 ml, clamp the anal canal, wrap it with paper and pull it out. Before defecation, ask the patient to be patient10-20min. Clean the anal canal and disinfect it for later use.