Which effect is better, the fermented material or the raw material of Pleurotus ostreatus?

under-forest cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus with high yield and increased income

221-9-8 14:6

Under-forest cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus with high yield and increased income

Under-forest economy is a new income-increasing mode strongly advocated by the state in recent years, which makes full use of the advantages of under-forest land resources and tree-lined environment to make forestry realize the enjoyment of resources. Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the top ten mushrooms in the international mushroom trading market, and it is also one of the characteristic varieties recommended by FAO to developing countries. In addition, the cultivation technology of Pleurotus ostreatus is simple and extensive, which makes it one of the characteristic edible fungi developed and popularized in many areas in recent years. Let's take a look at it in detail.

1. Variety introduction

Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly known as Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus eryngii, etc., is a delicious food that combines the characteristics of shiitake mushroom, mushroom and straw mushroom. Pleurotus ostreatus is rich in nutrition, which is a good nutritional and health food, rich in protein, mineral elements, vitamins and various amino acids, and is known as a vegetarian meat. It has the effects of preventing coronary heart disease, helping digestion and relieving mental fatigue. In addition, Pleurotus ostreatus is very popular with consumers, whether it is stir-frying, frying, or making soup and shabu-shabu.

II. Advantages of the project

1. Simple and extensive cultivation techniques. Pleurotus ostreatus can be cultivated directly with raw materials or fermented materials, which has strong anti-bacterial ability and high cultivation success rate. It has strong stress resistance and wide temperature range, and can grow mushrooms at 4 ~ 3℃.

2. The cultivation materials are abundant. Stropharia rugoso-annulata can use waste materials of crops such as rice straw, rice husk, wheat straw, corn straw, soybean straw and flax straw as raw materials. Moreover, the waste mushroom chaff and mushroom residue after the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus under the forest are high-quality organic fertilizers, which can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, improve soil fertility and better promote the growth of trees. The litter under the forest is very suitable for the decomposition and transformation of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium, and the fertile nutrient soil under the forest is used as the covering layer on the surface of the fungus bed, which is more beneficial to improve the cultivation yield.

3. The woodland space can be fully utilized, and Pleurotus ostreatus can be intercropped or interplanted in nursery forest, orchard land, etc., so as to improve the utilization rate of undergrowth land. In addition, the natural shading of tree crown branches and leaves not only has good moisturizing and ventilation effects, but also the temperature in the woodland is 3 ~ 5℃ lower than the outside temperature, which is suitable for the growth and development conditions of Pleurotus ostreatus.

4. The cultivation technology of Pleurotus ostreatus under forest is mature, with high biotransformation rate, high yield and remarkable economic benefits. In addition, the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus under the forest significantly reduced the cost of seedling management, its irrigation cost, fertilization cost and pest control cost, enhanced tree vigor, improved pest resistance and increased wood growth.

3. Cultivation conditions

1. It needs enough undergrowth space to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus under the forest, but its optimum canopy density is 7%, and seedlings with low canopy density can also be cultivated with straw mulching, and the yield will be reduced under the forest with high canopy density.

2. Forest land can be selected according to local conditions, but it is necessary to choose forest land that is convenient for irrigation and drainage, has high-quality water sources or can drill wells. Because water is an indispensable factor for the growth of mycelium and fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus. The water content in the substrate is directly related to the growth of mycelium and the amount of mushroom. The mycelium can grow normally when the water content in the substrate is 65% ~ 8%, and the optimum water content is 7% ~ 75%.

3. It is advisable to choose woodland soil with high humus content, certain water and fertilizer retention capacity and easy water seepage.

IV. Analysis of economic benefits

1. Direct economic benefits. The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus under the forest can produce 5, kilograms of fresh mushrooms per mu. The market price of fresh mushrooms is 6 yuan per kilogram, and the income per mu is about 3, yuan. Excluding labor costs, fertilizer and equipment loss, the net income per mu is more than 1, yuan.

2. Indirect economic benefits. Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus under forest can reduce the management cost of forest land, save the irrigation cost and weeding cost for seedlings. As an organic fertilizer, mushroom bran can reduce the fertilization cost of seedlings, and save the direct cost of 2 yuan per mu of forest land every year. The cultivation substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus can use crop waste materials such as rice straw, chaff, wheat straw, corn straw and soybean straw, which can be collected and utilized by farmers after agricultural production, and the annual income per mu can be about 1 yuan.

v. harvesting and processing sales

1. harvesting. Mushrooms with different maturity have great differences in quality and taste, and the mushrooms without umbrellas are the best. Therefore, the optimum harvesting period is when the mushroom folds of fruiting bodies have not cracked or just cracked and the mushroom cap is bell-shaped, and harvesting should be carried out when the mushroom cap rolls inside and the mushroom folds are gray at the latest. If the harvest is too late, the cap will unfold, the folds will turn dark purple-gray or dark brown, and the stalk will be hollow, which will reduce its commercial value. When the harvesting standard is reached, grab the lower part of the mushroom by hand, twist it slightly, loosen it and then pull it up. When picking, be careful not to loosen the young mushrooms on the edge, so as not to cause the young mushrooms to die. After harvesting, the bottom hole left on the fungus bed should be filled with soil to remove the residual mushrooms left on the fungus bed.

2. processing and sales. After harvesting, the fresh mushrooms are removed from the residual soil, culture materials and bacteria, and then packaged in packaging containers for quantitative fresh product sales. Fresh mushrooms should be placed in a ventilated and cool place to avoid hairy aerial hyphae growing on the surface of the mushroom cover, which will affect the beauty of the goods. Fresh mushrooms can be kept fresh for 2 ~ 3 days at 2 ~ 5℃, and the quality will decline after a long time. In addition, it can also be made into salted products for sale. After drying, Pleurotus ostreatus has a strong fragrance, which can be compared with the dried products of wild Corylus terrestris and Agrocybe aegerita, and its sales market is very broad.

cultivation techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus under the forest

I. Overview

Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly known as Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii and Pleurotus caiyun, is one of the top ten prominent mushrooms in the international mushroom trading market, and is also one of the characteristic varieties recommended by FAO for cultivation in developing countries. It is a newly emerging edible mushroom in China in recent years, and its excellent taste and rich nutrition are quickly accepted and recognized by the market. ? Eat protein, amino acids and multivitamins with rich medicinal value. The mushroom is fragrant, crisp and tender, and has good palatability. Enhance human immunity and resist diseases. 1. Overview Pleurotus ostreatus has broad development prospects. First of all, the cultivation technology is simple and extensive, and it can be cultivated directly with raw materials, which has strong anti-impurity ability and is easy to succeed. Secondly, the source of cultivation raw materials is rich, and it can grow on all kinds of straw culture materials. In the vast rural areas of our country, it can be regarded as a major measure to deal with straw and develop circular agriculture. The cultivated waste can be directly returned to the field to improve the soil and increase fertility. Thirdly, Pleurotus ostreatus has strong stress resistance, wide adaptive temperature range and long suitable planting season, and can produce mushrooms at 4 ~ 3℃. Fourthly, Pleurotus ostreatus has high yield, low production cost, rich nutrition and good taste, which is easily accepted by growers and consumers. Fifthly, interplanting Pleurotus ostreatus with Kugaji, the fruit of forest, does not occupy farmland, does not compete with grain for land, and has high benefits, which is the first choice for developing the under-forest economy. Biological characteristics 1. Morphological characteristics 2. Ecological habits 3. Distribution 4. Living conditions and cultivation parameters < P > 2. Biological characteristics

1. Morphological characteristics? The fruiting bodies are solitary, clustered or clustered, medium to large, and a single mushroom group can weigh several kilograms. The cap is semi-spherical, flat at the back and 5 ~ 45 cm in diameter. The cap is fleshy, and the surface is slightly sticky when wet.

2. Ecological habits? From spring to autumn, Pleurotus ostreatus is born in the forest, on the grassland at the edge of the forest, or on the roadside, garden, garbage dump, sawdust pile or cattle and horse manure pile in pasture. Artificial cultivation in late October to early December and early March to early April produces more mushrooms and grows fast. Wild Pleurotus ostreatus grows on the deciduous layer under broad-leaved forest on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest in Panxi area. ?

3. distribution? Pleurotus ostreatus is distributed in Europe, North America, Asia and other places in nature. It is cultivated in European countries, such as Poland, Germany, Netherlands and Czech Republic. The wild Pleurotus ostreatus in China is distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Tibet, Jilin and other places. Second, biological characteristics

4. Living conditions and cultivation parameters?

(1) nutritional conditions. The nutritional requirements of Pleurotus ostreatus are mainly carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing substances. Carbon sources include glucose, sucrose, cellulose, lignin, etc., and nitrogen sources include amino acids, peptone, etc. In addition, trace amounts of inorganic salts are needed. The practical cultivation results show that rice straw, wheat straw and sawdust can meet the needs of carbon source fish and nitrogen source for the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus. On the contrary, the manure and cottonseed hulls used to cultivate other mushrooms are not very suitable as the culture medium of Pleurotus ostreatus.

(2) temperature

① mycelium growth stage. The growth temperature range of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium is 5 ~ 36℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 24 ~ 28℃. It grows slowly below 1℃ and above 32℃. When it exceeds 36℃, the mycelium stops growing, and the mycelium will die if the high temperature lasts for a long time. At low temperature, the mycelium grows slowly, but it does not affect its viability. When the temperature rises above 32℃, the hyphae will not die, but when the temperature returns to the appropriate temperature range, the growth rate of hyphae has obviously weakened. In practical cultivation, it is necessary to select high-quality strains to prevent the use of strains with weak vitality.

② fruiting body growth stage. The temperature range required for the formation of fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus is 4 ~ 3℃, and the optimum temperature for the formation of primordium is 12 ~ 25℃. In this temperature range, with the increase of temperature, the growth speed of fruiting body increases, and the flower shape is small, which makes it easy to open the umbrella; However, at lower temperature, the fruiting body develops slowly, the flower shape is large, the handle is thick, the quality is high, and it is not easy to open the umbrella. During the growth of fruiting bodies, mushroom buds can survive in frosty and snowy weather as long as certain anti-freezing measures are taken. When the temperature exceeds 3℃, the primordia of fruiting bodies are difficult to form. ?

(3) moisture. The water content in the substrate is directly related to the growth of mycelium and the yield of mushroom. The mycelium can grow normally when the water content in the substrate is 65% ~ 8%, and the optimum water content is 7% ~ 75%. If the water content in the culture medium is too high, the hyphae will grow poorly, showing thin and thin performance, and even shrink. In the actual cultivation, there will be cases where the water content of the substrate is too high after the fungus bed is rained, which will affect the growth of fungi, and although mushrooms are produced, the yield is not high. In the fruiting stage, the relative humidity of the environment is generally required to be above 85%, preferably about 95%. The relative humidity of the space must be increased when the mycelium changes from vegetative growth stage to reproductive growth stage, so as to stimulate the fruiting, otherwise the mycelium will grow.

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