2. Before soil preparation and fertilization, 3000~4000kg of high-quality soil miscellaneous fertilizer was applied to the nursery every 667m2, and plowed and harrowed to form a ridge with a width of 1.0~ 1.2m and a length of less than 50m. In places prone to waterlogging in summer, high border can be used to raise seedlings (the border is 20cm high and 80cm wide, and a drainage ditch with a width of 30cm is left between the borders).
3. Adopt suitable seedling raising method 3. 1 ramet propagation method. Split propagation is a common method of cherry seedling raising, which can produce large seedlings that year. There are three methods commonly used in production: stacking layering, horizontal layering and direct branching.
3. 1. 1 stacking method. In late autumn or spring, pile up a mound with a height of 30-50 cm at the base of the selected mother tree, so as to promote the sprouting and rooting at the base of the trunk and form new plants. In the second autumn or the third spring, the rooted plants are cut off and planted directly in the garden or used as rootstocks. Generally, each parent tree can get 5~ 10 new seedlings every year.
3. 1.2 horizontal layering method. Select sprouting strips close to the ground and with many lateral branches, press them in the ditch in a horizontal state, fix them with wooden hooks, then fill them with soil and tamp them, and cut off rooting layering in autumn or next spring to separate new plants.
3.2 Cutting propagation method. Cherry cutting is easy to take root, and hard branch cutting and green branch cutting can be used. Hardwood cutting is widely used in production. Hardwood cutting should be carried out when the sap flows in spring; Green branch cutting is carried out from late June to July. The cuttings of green branch cutting should be semi-lignified new shoots in the same year, with a diameter of 0.3cm, which are too thick to take root and too thin to be nutritious. After harvesting, cut into branches about 15cm long, leaving only 2~3 leaves at the top, and all the other leaves are removed and inserted with harvesting. When cutting in spring, cuttings can be covered with soil or plastic film. When the film is covered, the upper end of the cuttings can be sealed with wax for 2cm. In order to improve the emergence rate, the lower end of cuttings (about 5cm) can be soaked in rooting powder of 100mg/kg or indolebutyric acid solution of 50~ 100mg/kg for 4 ~ 5 hours before cutting, and then the cuttings can take root immediately after taking out. When the new shoots grow to 20cm, they should be watered and topdressed to promote the growth of seedlings. Before the rainy season comes, the roots of seedlings should be cultivated for 5 cm. In autumn, the height of seedlings can reach 80cm and the thickness can reach 0.8cm, which meets the standard of grafting seedling raising.
3.3 Grafting propagation method. The branches of sweet cherry are generally not easy to produce adventitious roots, and grafting propagation method is often used in production.
Introduction to Grafting Propagation 4. 1 Selection of rootstock varieties. At present, the commonly used rootstocks are agate cherry, hairy cherry, dwarf cherry, grass cherry and mountain cherry. Because there is no virus disease in the seedlings of wild cherry, it is often used as sweet cherry rootstock in production.
4.2 Seed collection and seed treatment. The growth period of cherry fruit is short, the embryo is not fully developed, and it is easy to lose vitality after drying, so the cherry seed treatment is different from other fruit trees. Seeds used for seedling raising can not be harvested until the fruit is fully mature. Immediately after harvesting, remove the pulp, take out the seed core, rinse it with clear water, dry it in the shade, and then store it in sand immediately. When storing in sand, first mix the seeds with wet sand according to the ratio of 1∶5. The humidity of the sand should be held in a ball with your hands, and it is advisable to spread it out with your hands open. The sand storage site should be selected in a cool and dry place, and a sand storage ditch with a depth of 50cm and a width of 80~ 100cm should be dug. Spread a layer of wet sand with a thickness of 100 cm at the bottom of the ditch, then put the mixed wet sand seeds into the ditch with a thickness of about 40cm, cover with wet sand with a thickness of 100 cm, and then cover with fine soil or grass.
4.3 Seeding and management methods. The method is the same as the conventional plum and apricot rootstock seedling raising method.
4.4 Grafting method
4.4. 1 grafting method. Splitting, cutting, abdominal cutting and tongue grafting are better methods for grafting before germination in spring.
4.4.2 Bud grafting method. T-bud grafting and bud grafting with xylem can be used for cherry grafting in growing season, and bud grafting with xylem is better.
Wood budding gymnastics: Cut the scion to 2/5 thickness at a 45-degree angle about 1.5cm above the budding. Then cut the knife from about 1.5cm below the bud, and cut it longitudinally along the xylem until it meets the first cut, and then take off the bud. Then, at the place where the rootstock is 3~5cm from the ground, select a shiny surface and cut it according to the method of cutting and budding, so that the incision is slightly larger than the budding surface. Then stick the bud on the cut surface of the rootstock, align it with the cambium, and tie it tightly with plastic film strips. Pay attention to exposing buds and petioles.
4.5 Grafting seedling management
4.5. 1 Don't water the cherry for 20 days before and after grafting. Rain or watering after grafting is easy to cause glue flow and affect survival.
4.5.2 After budding and before July, apply ammonium sulfate or urea 2-3 times, and apply105-150kg per hectare, and pay attention to irrigation. During the growth of seedlings, intertillage weeding and pest control should be carried out in time.
Let it go. In summer, the buds should be loosened in time after survival to prevent the adhesive from being pulled into the cortex and causing glue flow. Loosening should be carried out when the bud grows to 10cm.
4.5.4 Shear anvil. Rootstocks can only be cut when the buds sprout in spring. If the anvil is cut too early, the anvil pile will be easily drained and the bud will die. Anvil cutting should be carried out at 1cm above budding.
4.5.5 Binding. When the grafted bud grows to 20~30cm, the scaffold should be set up in time, and then tied for 2~3 times.
4.5.6 Pick your heart. When the seedling height is 30~40cm, 20~30cm can be left for coring, and flower buds can be formed in the second year and flowers can bear fruit in the third year.
4.5.7 Grafted seedlings should be removed from the soil in time. If wet sawdust is packed in plastic bags to keep moisture, when the buds grow to 5cm, open fresh air.
4.5.8 In the spring drought area, in order to promote the robust growth of cherry seedlings in the early stage, timely irrigation, topdressing and intertillage weeding should be carried out according to the rainfall situation to promote seedling maturity.