The source of hawthorn leaves (outline) is the leaves of hawthorn in Rosaceae or wild hawthorn. Function: Tea clothes made of leaves and flowers can treat hypertension. "After Elbow": "Stems and leaves boil juice to wash lacquer sores." Pharmacological effects of meridian tropism and lung meridian 1. Effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems: Single dose or multiple doses of hawthorn leaf flavonoids can antagonize acute myocardial ischemia induced by pituitrin in rabbits and narrow the range of myocardial infarction. Intravenous injection of hawthorn leaf extract (0. 1g/ml)0.4-8ml/kg can significantly reduce or restore the S-T segment deviation and T wave increase of ECG in guinea pigs caused by pituitrin, and accelerate the bradycardia caused by pituitrin. Vitex rhamnose 20ml/kg can obviously reduce the myocardial oxygen consumption of sitting heart in dogs, which has synergistic effect with hyperoside. The aqueous extract of hawthorn leaves can significantly reduce the serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) level and myocardial infarction area in rats with coronary artery ligation. When 20% hawthorn extract was injected into the jugular vein for 5-7min, the cerebrovascular resistance decreased1.064-10.91KP/a (8-82 mmhg). 2. Effect on coagulation system Hawthorn leaves can significantly inhibit rabbit platelet aggregation induced by collagen or ADP in vitro and in vivo. In addition, after intravenous injection of hawthorn leaf preparation for 30 minutes, the specific viscosity of whole blood decreased significantly. 3. Hypolipidemic effect Hawthorn leaves have a very significant effect on cholesterolemia in mice rapidly formed by egg yolk milk. 4. Anti-hypoxia effect Hawthorn leaves, like propranolol, can significantly prolong the survival time of experimental mice under low pressure or normal pressure hypoxia, which is consistent with significantly reducing the overall oxygen consumption of mice. 5. Diuretic effect Hawthorn leaf extract has obvious diuretic effect. The urine volume of rabbits increased by 44.2% after 60min, 53.9% after 90min and 63.7% after 65,438+0.20 min, indicating that its diuretic effect is mild, slow and lasting, and Hawthorn leaves have little effect on electrolytes. 6. Toxicity ① Acute toxicity test: Mice were given total flavonoids of hawthorn leaves by gavage at the doses of 7.7mg/kg, 3.8 mg/kg and 65,438+0.9 mg/kg. There was no significant difference in serum alanine aminotransferase compared with the control group, and no toxic lesions were found in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain and intestine. ② Three-factor experiment: Pregnant rats were given 50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 2000mg/kg of total flavonoids from hawthorn leaves, 65438 0 times a day, once every 20 days. No adverse effects were found on fertilized female rats, their pregnancy rate and live fetus rate. Mice were treated with 750mg/kg, 1500 mg/kg and 3000 mg/kg, l times a day for 5 days. In the normal range of Salmonella/mammalian cell nuclear test, there was no significant difference in the rate of abnormal cells (chromosome aberration of bone marrow cells) between the negative control group and Salmonella/mammalian cell nuclear test. The chemical constituents of Malus hupehensis contain quercetin, hyperoside, vitexin, rhamnoside, 2- p-hydroxyphenyl malic acid [2-(4- hydroxybenzyl) malic acid], diethylamine hydrochloride and sorbitol.
abstract
Ginkgo biloba is a plant with high medicinal value. Ginkgo biloba is an ancient tree species in China and a magical medicinal tree. When Jurassic dinosaurs took control of the earth more than 25,000 years ago, Ginkgo biloba was already one of the most prosperous plants. Life on earth has changed for hundreds of billions of years, especially after being covered by glaciers in the fourth century. Only Ginkgo biloba remains its original appearance and is called "living fossil" in the history of biological evolution. Its leaves, fruits and seeds have high medicinal value, and its pharmacological effects are constantly recognized, and its clinical application scope is gradually expanding.
[Edit this paragraph] English name
Ginkgo leaf
[Edit this paragraph] Latin name
Ginkgo biloba (Ginkgo biloba)
[Edit this paragraph] alias
Moth leaves and duck feet come from the dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba, a ginkgoaceae plant. Harvest when the leaves are still green in autumn and dry them in time.
[Edit this paragraph] Related medicinal materials
Ginkgo root
[Edit this paragraph] method
Remove impurities and sieve the soil.
[Edit this paragraph] color
Yellow green or light brown. Ginkgo biloba leaves in autumn
Edit this paragraph size
It is 3 ~ 12 cm long and 5 ~ 15 cm wide, and the wedge-shaped petiole of leaf base is 2 ~ 8 cm long.
Edit this paragraph shape
This product has wrinkles, the whole product is fan-shaped, the upper edge is irregular and wavy, and the middle part is sunken, which can reach 4/5 of the leaf length. With bifurcated parallel veins, thin and dense, smooth and hairless, easy to tear longitudinally.
[Edit this paragraph] function
Astringing lung, relieving asthma, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and relieving pain. Used for cough and asthma due to lung deficiency; Coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, anticoagulation, there is a certain probability to improve memory. Although Ginkgo biloba can promote blood circulation and prevent cardiovascular diseases, other cardiovascular drugs (such as aspirin) should not be taken at the same time. Ginkgo biloba extract is concentrated and granular, which has strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects. Collagen synthesized from flavonoid glycosides, amino acids and amino acids in Ginkgo biloba L. plays a significant role in beautifying human body, inhibiting the growth of melanin, and maintaining skin luster and elasticity. In addition, according to modern clinical research, it has a significant effect on negative symptoms of chronic schizophrenia (such as social withdrawal, laziness, poor thinking, malaise and other symptoms), and also has a certain effect on Alzheimer's Harmo's disease.
[Edit this paragraph] logo
Take 4g of this product powder, add 50% acetone 100ml, heat and reflux for 3 hours, let it cool, filter with absorbent cotton, evaporate acetone from the filtrate, let it cool, extract the residue with ethyl acetate twice, 50ml each time, combine the extracts, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue with 15% ethanol, put it on polyamide column, and elute with 5% ethanol. In addition, ginkgolides A, B, C and bilobalide were used as reference substances, and acetone was added to prepare a mixed solution containing 0.5mg 1ml as reference substance solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography, 5μl of the above two solutions were respectively absorbed and spotted on the same silica gel H thin-layer plate prepared with 4% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution. Toluene-ethyl acetate-acetone-methanol (10: 5: 0.6) was used as the developing agent, and it was spread below 15℃, taken out and dried. In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots with the same color appear in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
[Edit this paragraph] Content determination
According to high performance liquid chromatography. Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as a filler for chromatographic conditions and system suitability test. The mobile phase is methanol -0.4% phosphoric acid solution (50 ∶ 50); The detection wavelength is 360 nm. The theoretical plate number should be no less than 2500 calculated by quercetin peak. Preparation of reference solution: Accurately weigh quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin dried overnight with phosphorus pentoxide, and add methanol to prepare solutions containing 0.03mg, 0.03mg and 0.02mg per kloc-0/ml respectively as reference solutions. Preparation of test solution: Take about 65,438 50 ml of this product powder [meanwhile, take another product powder for moisture determination (Appendix ⅸ h, the first method)], weigh it accurately, put it in Soxhlet extractor, add chloroform for reflux extraction for 2 hours, discard chloroform, evaporate the residue, add methanol for reflux extraction for 4 hours, evaporate the extract, and add methanol -25% hydrochloric acid solution (4: 1) to the residue. The determination method accurately absorbs 65438 00μ l of the above three control solutions and test solution respectively, injects them into a liquid chromatograph for determination, calculates the contents of three flavonoid aglycones respectively, and converts them into the contents of total flavonol glycosides according to the following formula. Total flavonol glycoside content = (quercetin content+kaempferol content+isorhamnetin content) ×2.5 1 [1] Based on the dry product, this product contains total flavonol glycoside not less than 0.40%.
[Edit this paragraph] Sexual taste orientation
Sweet, bitter, astringent and flat. Enter the heart-lung meridian.
[Edit this paragraph] Function instruction
Astringing lung, relieving asthma, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and relieving pain. Used for cough and asthma due to lung deficiency; Coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, anticoagulation, there is a certain probability to improve memory. Although Ginkgo biloba can promote blood circulation and prevent cardiovascular diseases, other cardiovascular drugs (such as aspirin) should not be taken at the same time. Ginkgo biloba extract is concentrated and granular, which has strong free radical scavenging and antioxidant effects. Collagen synthesized from flavonoid glycosides, amino acids and amino acids in Ginkgo biloba L. plays a significant role in beautifying human body, inhibiting the growth of melanin, and maintaining skin luster and elasticity. In addition, according to modern clinical research, it has a significant effect on negative symptoms of chronic schizophrenia (such as social withdrawal, laziness, poor thinking, malaise and other symptoms), and also has a certain effect on Alzheimer's Harmo's disease.
[Edit this paragraph] Side effects
If you eat too much, you will be poisoned, causing muscle convulsions and dilated pupils. Pregnant women and children should be more cautious.
[Edit this paragraph] Usage and dosage
9~ 12g .
[Edit this paragraph] Note
Those who are really evil should not use them.
[Edit this paragraph] Storage
Place it in a ventilated and dry place.
[Edit this paragraph] Folk use
According to the pillow story, Ginkgo biloba has existed on the earth for10.5 billion years, ranking first among all plants, and is called "living fossil of plants" by scientists. Ginkgo biloba seeds, commonly known as ginkgo biloba, are delicious and nutritious, and are also used as medicinal diet or medicine. In recent years, Ginkgo biloba leaves, seed coats and roots contain many chemical components that can be used in traditional Chinese medicine. 17 kinds of amino acids and trace elements. Shi Zhibao, a pillow expert, selected precious Chinese herbal medicines such as Ginkgo biloba leaves for more than three years and made them into ginkgo health pillows. Light and fragrant, it can improve human breathing and improve sleep quality. Long-term administration can prevent cardiovascular diseases, prevent hypertension, stroke and diabetes caused by vascular aging in adults, and make adults maintain normal cardiac output and normal nervous system function, especially middle-aged and elderly people, and keep normal cells as much as possible.
[Edit this paragraph] Excerpt
Ginkgo biloba compound and folk prescription in China Pharmacopoeia are compatible with other Chinese herbal medicines, which can better lower blood pressure, blood lipid and blood viscosity. The main functions of plant flavonoids in human body are to enhance vascular tension, dilate coronary arteries, soften blood vessels, improve vascular permeability, reduce blood pressure, blood lipid and cholesterol, prevent platelet aggregation, reduce thrombosis, and reduce high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) in blood vessels, so as to reduce blood pressure, blood lipid and blood viscosity. Plant flavonoids are indispensable components of human body, and Liuwei Flavonoids Tea is rich in flavonoids and rutin.
[Edit this paragraph] Precautions for taking Ginkgo biloba leaves
Experts speculate that flavonoids, the main component of Ginkgo biloba leaves, is a powerful platelet activating factor inhibitor, which may inhibit platelet aggregation for a long time and increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage accordingly. Therefore, the elderly should stop taking Ginkgo biloba leaves, and pay attention to the regular detection of blood coagulation, and do not blindly take it for a long time. For elderly patients with vascular sclerosis and fragile blood vessels, it is not advisable to take it for a long time to avoid cerebral hemorrhage.
[Edit this paragraph] Precautions
Ginkgo biloba can't make tea with tea and chrysanthemum. Ginkgo biloba contains a lot of ginkgolic acid, which is toxic. Generally, the leaves bought are not extracted by deep processing, and the ginkgolic acid content in them is as high as 3000-4000ppm. In particular, ginkgolic acid is water-soluble. Instead of eating the effective substances such as ginkgo brass and ginkgolic acid, the effect is the opposite, and it is full of poison! In medicine, especially in ginkgo products used in hospitals, slight ginkgolic acid containing 10ppm is allowed! Ginkgo biloba leaves have special effects on skin whitening and wrinkle removal. 1. Whitening: When the body is in poor health, our endocrine is prone to disorder and imbalance. At this time, there are too many oxygen free radicals and insufficient superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the body, which leads to the oxidation reaction between too many oxygen free radicals and dermal cells, forming a large number of lipofuscin (lipid peroxide), resulting in chloasma or pregnancy spots. Flavonoids contained in Ginkgo biloba leaves can hinder the formation and deposition of pigments in the dermis, thus whitening the skin and preventing pigmentation. Besides flavonoids, trace elements such as manganese and molybdenum in Ginkgo biloba leaves can also scavenge oxygen free radicals and inhibit the growth of melanin. 2. Wrinkle removal: It takes about 3 months for human skin to be completely renewed, but why do we still have annoying fine lines on our faces? The reason is that the newborn cells formed in the dermis have been oxidized by too many free radicals before reaching the skin surface, and they are already aging cells when they reach the epidermis. Flavonoids glycosides and flavonols in Ginkgo biloba leaves are free radical scavengers, which can protect dermal cells, improve blood circulation and prevent cells from being oxidized to produce wrinkles. Clinical observation proves that Ginkgo biloba leaves have the following functions. 1. Reduce cholesterol level in human blood and prevent arteriosclerosis. It can significantly improve physical fatigue, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, dizziness and other symptoms of middle-aged and elderly people after mild activities. 2. It can reduce blood pressure by increasing the permeability and elasticity of blood vessels, and has a good antihypertensive effect. 3. Eliminate the deposited components on the blood vessel wall, improve the blood rheology, enhance the deformability of red blood cells, reduce the blood viscosity, and make the blood flow unobstructed, which can prevent and treat cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. It also has certain curative effect on senile dementia caused by arteriosclerosis. 4. Ginkgo biloba preparation combined with hypoglycemic agents has a good effect on diabetes, and can be used as an auxiliary drug for diabetes. 5. It can obviously relieve menstrual abdominal pain, backache and other symptoms. 6. It is also effective in treating bronchial asthma. 7. Reduce the level of lipid peroxidation, reduce freckles, moisturize the skin and make a beautiful appearance. 8. Ginkgo biloba leaves were rarely recorded in previous herbal books. Until the 1960s, scholars at home and abroad discovered the valuable medicinal value of Ginkgo biloba leaves when developing and screening natural medicines, which made Ginkgo biloba leaves stand out and quickly became health care products and cosmetics. Recently, it has established its extraordinary position as a forensic doctor. In the Pharmacopoeia 2000 newly published and officially implemented in China (Part I), Ginkgo biloba has been included in the traditional Chinese medicine, which means that its nature is sweet, bitter, astringent and flat, and it belongs to the heart and lung meridians. Has the functions of astringing lung, relieving asthma, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and relieving pain. Can be used for treating cough and asthma due to lung deficiency, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris and hyperlipidemia. Pharmacologists are very surprised to find that a small piece of Ginkgo biloba leaves contains many components, and its pharmacological activity is unexpected, including only flavonoids. It is no exaggeration to describe it as a miniature treasure house. A large number of pharmacological experiments show that there are two kinds of components with important pharmacological activities in Ginkgo biloba leaves: ginkgetin glycosides and ginkgolides. Their unique mechanism of action is different from some commonly used drugs for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinic. First, ginkgolides can selectively inhibit platelet activating factor. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a strong endogenous active substance in human body, which can cause platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Inducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, especially stroke and myocardial infarction, is an invisible killer and very dangerous. Ginkgolides are the bane of PAF. Secondly, ginkgo flavone glycosides have high anti-albinism ability. Ginkgo flavone glycosides have been proved to be effective in resisting and scavenging free radicals and playing a good role in delaying aging. Especially the recent information from abroad. It is believed that Ginkgo biloba leaves can be used to prevent and treat patients with early Alzheimer's disease, especially to help restore and improve memory. Thirdly, there is a synergistic effect between ginkgolides and flavonoid glycosides, which can dilate blood vessels, increase blood flow, improve cardiovascular and cerebrovascular circulation, and protect brain and myocardial cells under hypoxia. In addition, it can reduce triglyceride in blood, increase the content of high density lipoprotein and improve the activity of superoxide dismutase in red blood cells. Therefore, Ginkgo biloba extract preparation has good curative effect on patients with coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, concussion, sequelae of brain injury and so on. And there are few adverse reactions in general, so it is easy to be accepted as a health care drug. Effective treatment of hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease with Lingzhi Ginkgo Capsule The latest understanding of the therapeutic effect of Lingzhi Ginkgo Capsule on hypertension complicated with coronary heart disease, taking Lingzhi Ginkgo Capsule (0.4mg is equivalent to 8 g of crude drug) twice a day 1 time for 4- 12 weeks, and observing 256 cases. 198 cases disappeared or basically disappeared after taking medicine for one week. The frequency, degree and duration of angina pectoris in 33 cases were obviously reduced, and 3 cases were ineffective. After the clinical symptoms were improved, the changes of ECG and blood wax were compared and observed. Results Myocardial ischemia was obviously relieved, and the average serum total cholesterol decreased by 0.50 mmol L-1(P < 0.05). At the same time, compared with the control group, the frequency and duration of angina pectoris attacks are also reduced. The curative effect is good, and the onset time is mostly within 1-2 weeks after taking the medicine. If the course of treatment lasts for 4 weeks or more, the curative effect is satisfactory. Conclusion Ginkgo biloba is a safe and effective drug for treating coronary heart disease. Ginkgo biloba is the leaf of Ginkgo biloba, also called Ginkgo biloba. According to "Dietotherapy Materia Medica", Ginkgo biloba can be used for palpitation, lung deficiency and cough and asthma. Modern scientific research has proved that Ginkgo biloba contains more than 200 kinds of medicinal ingredients, including 46 kinds of flavonoids, 25 kinds of trace elements and 8 kinds of amino acids. Flavonoids are the main effective components, which have the functions of protecting capillary permeability, dilating coronary artery, restoring arterial elasticity, lowering serum cholesterol, increasing coronary blood flow, improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular circulation, relieving smooth muscle spasm, relaxing bronchi, inhibiting bacteria, nourishing brain cells and other organs, and also have the peculiar effects of maintaining blood quality and normal cholesterol level of arteries, peripheral blood vessels and capillaries. The content of mineral elements such as VC, VE, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, boron and selenium in Ginkgo biloba leaves, a chemical component of traditional Chinese medicine, is also very rich, which exceeds that of ordinary fruits and vegetables and edible plant raw materials. Biological antioxidants are a kind of substances with direct and indirect antioxidant function in the body. Ginkgo biloba leaves contain two kinds of antioxidants-nutritional antioxidants and non-nutritional antioxidants. The former mainly contains carotene, VC, VE, selenium, zinc, copper and so on. And the latter mainly contains ginkgo flavonoids, terpene lactones, catechins, polyphenols and so on. Their contents are also very rich, and they play an important role in protecting the body from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Therefore, Ginkgo biloba leaves have the functions of nutrition, health care and treatment. It is of great significance to develop and utilize Ginkgo biloba leaves, a resource with high nutrition and health care functions, to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of Ginkgo biloba leaves. Development and Utilization of Ginkgo biloba Since 1930s, Japan and West Germany began to study Ginkgo biloba. With the deepening of modern pharmacological research, it is found that Ginkgo biloba leaves not only contain flavonoids, but also terpenoids, phenols and other compounds, and its excellent pharmacological effects are gradually recognized by people. Clinical observation proves that Ginkgo biloba leaves have the following functions. 1, reducing the level of cholesterol in human blood and preventing arteriosclerosis. It can significantly improve physical fatigue, rapid heartbeat, chest pain, dizziness and other symptoms of middle-aged and elderly people after mild activities. 2. Lowering blood pressure by increasing vascular permeability and elasticity has a good antihypertensive effect. 3. Eliminate the deposited components on the blood vessel wall, improve the blood flow change, enhance the deformability of red blood cells, reduce the blood viscosity, and make the blood flow unobstructed, which can prevent and treat cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction. It also has certain curative effect on senile dementia caused by arteriosclerosis. 4. Ginkgo biloba preparation combined with hypoglycemic agents has a good effect on diabetes, and can be used as an auxiliary drug for diabetes. 5, can significantly reduce menstrual abdominal pain and backache and other symptoms. 6, used to treat bronchial asthma, also has a good effect. 7, reduce the level of lipid peroxidation, reduce freckles, moisturize the skin, beautiful appearance. 8, laxative, diuretic, detoxification, detoxification. 9. It can obviously improve female climacteric syndrome. Table 2- 1 General nutritional components of Ginkgo biloba protein (%)12.3615.4510.90 Total sugar (%) 8.69 7.38 7.7 1 reducing sugar (%). 5.34 4.64 5.63 Total acid (%) 2.091.951.80vb1(mg/100g) 0.060.090.09VB2 (mg/100g 18.0817.3014.52ve (mg/100g) 7.05 8.05 6. 17 VC (mg/100g)/kloc. 26.70 65438+28.00 39.50 35.58 Table 2- 1 Results On a dry basis, the leaves contained protein 10.9% ~ 15.5% of total sugar 7.38% ~ 8.69% and reducing sugar 4.64% ~ 5.63. These main nutrients also have obvious differences in different regions. Amino acid content Table 2-2 Contents of various amino acids in Ginkgo biloba leaves (g/ 100 g, Amino acid content in Puding Zhengan specimen garden aspartic acid1.421.731.26 threonine * 0.55 0.72 0.50 serine 0.57 0.74 0.55 glutamic acid1.391.79/kloc. 6 glycine 0.70 0 0.92 0.76 propiolic acid 0.220.21.23 arginine 0.66 0.9 1.60 proline 0.92 1.28 0.69 total amino acids1.90/kloc. Essential amino acids/total amino acids (%) 39.9239.1441.47 essential amino acids/non-essential amino acids (%)66.43 64.4670.86 * essential amino acids Table 2-3 Comparison of essential amino acids in Ginkgo biloba leaves with high-quality proteins and WHO models (mg /g protein) Components Ginkgo biloba protein. Who threonine 44.5 ~ 50.5 37.0 47.0 9.0 valinic acid 21.0 ~ 22.0 25.0 22.016.0 lysine 65.4 ~ 73.461.0 70.016.0 tryptophan/kloc. 0)- methionine+cystine As can be seen from Table 2-3, Ginkgo biloba leaves are rich in amino acids, the total amino acid content is 10.73% ~ 15.43% (on a dry basis), and all of them contain 9 essential amino acids, and the proportion of essential amino acids to total amino acids is 39.2% ~ 41. The ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids is 64.5% ~ 70.9%. From the results in Table 2-3, the content of essential amino acids in Ginkgo biloba leaves is consistent with that of soybean protein. Very close to egg white. Table 2-4 Mineral nutrient content of Ginkgo biloba leaves (calculated on a dry basis) Component Puding Zhengan specimen garden calcium (mg/ 100g) 2130.001860.002360.00 phosphorus (mg/100g). 407.10 305.60 298.10 iron (mg/ 100g) 33.43 22.85 63.56 fluorine (mg/100g) 6.007.0013. 0. 12 cobalt (mg/100g) < 0.12 <; 0. 12 & lt； 0. 12 boron (μg/ 100g) 30.67 45.78 55.54 selenium (μ g/100g) 5.4513.6915.44 can be seen from table 2-4. The calcium content is as high as 1860 ~ 2360mg/ 100g, the phosphorus content is 298 ~ 407mg/ 100g, the boron content is 30.7 ~ 55.5μ g/ 100g, and the selenium content is 5.45 ~/kloc. The human body needs iron, fluorine, copper, manganese, zinc, chromium and other trace elements are also very rich. Contents of effective components of flavonoid glycosides, terpene lactones, catechins and polyphenols Table 2-5 Contents of effective components of flavonoid glycosides, terpene lactones, catechins and polyphenols in Ginkgo biloba leaves *(g/ 100g, dry basis) Total contents of flavonoid glycosides, terpene lactones, catechins and polyphenols >:1.85.5 >; 0.8 8. 1. 1. 17 1.24 & gt； 1.6 9.8 & gt； 0.7 1.5 1.2 1. 1.26 & gt； 1.4 15.3 & gt； 0.6 15.3 1.24 1.34 & gt； 1.2 23.2 & gt； 0.4 27.8 > 1.0 34.6 >0.3 35.2 >0.8 48.0 & gt0.2 45.9 >0.6 75.5 >0. 1.6 1.5 & gt； 0.4 9 1.7 & gt； 0.05 79.2 >0.2 97.9 >0.02 93.5 * Among them, catechins and polyphenols were determined in three different regions, and flavonoid glycosides and terpene lactones were determined in 327 samples from different regions of the province. Table 2-6 Contents of flavonoid glycosides and terpene lactones in leaves (g/ 100g, On a dry basis), flavonoid glycosides, terpenoids and lactones are derived from quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, total GA GB GC BB, total Qiannan * 0.37 0.32 0.060.75 0.020.030.05012 Fuquan * 0.260.160.09 0.50000.000000000606 .29 0.38 0.23 0.07 0.25 0.94 Zhengan 0.720.71.001.43 0.33 0.2000.10.25 0.85 Changshun 0.990 0.700 0.091. Kloc-0/ 0. 19 0.40 Shandong 0.500.400.160.040.100.09 0.07 0.30 Pu 'an 0.73 0.45 0.05 1.23 0.65438. 5438+07 0.4 1 * are old leaves, and the rest are 2-5 years old leaves. The analysis results of 450 Ginkgo biloba samples show that more than 0.8% of the samples are more than 0.3% (the content of flavonoid glycosides and terpene lactones is high, and the highest content of flavonoid glycosides is 1. 17%. Table GA+GB+ Conclusion The content of protein in Ginkgo biloba leaves is extremely rich. From the quality point of view, the content of essential amino acids in protein of the tested samples exceeded the content of the same amino acids in FAO/ WHO scoring model, and their essential amino acid indexes were all above 100. According to FAO/ WHO standard scoring model, the amino acid composition of high-quality protein is more than 60% EAA/TAA [5]. It can be seen from the analysis results that these two indexes of essential amino acids in ginkgo protein meet this requirement. The quality of Ginkgo biloba protein is better than FAO/ WHO scoring model, equivalent to soybean protein and close to egg protein. Such rich protein and high-quality amino acids can undoubtedly become a good food nutritional additive. Ginkgo biloba leaves are also rich in mineral elements such as VC, VE, carotene, calcium, phosphorus, boron and selenium, which are more than ordinary fruits and vegetables and edible plant raw materials. Biological antioxidants are a kind of substances with direct and indirect antioxidant function in the body. Ginkgo biloba leaves contain two kinds of antioxidants-nutritional antioxidants and non-nutritional antioxidants. The former mainly contains carotene, VC, VE, selenium, zinc, copper and so on. And the latter mainly contains ginkgo flavonoids, terpene lactones, catechins, polyphenols and so on. And they are also rich in content. They play an important role in protecting the body from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. The above analysis shows that Ginkgo biloba leaves have nutritional and health care functions. Therefore, the development and utilization of Ginkgo biloba leaves, a resource with high nutritional and health value, is of great significance to improve the comprehensive utilization of Ginkgo biloba leaves.
[Edit this paragraph] The main functions of Ginkgo biloba leaves:
1, promoting blood supply and oxygen supply to the brain and enhancing memory. 2. Improve sub-health states such as forgetfulness, insomnia, dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath and tinnitus. 3. Prevention of stroke and Alzheimer's disease.