2. Whole grains usually refer to rice, wheat, sorghum, soybeans and corn. Now we habitually refer to grains other than rice and wheat as miscellaneous grains, so miscellaneous grains also refer to all food crops.

3. In Huangdi Neijing, the five grains are called "japonica rice, adzuki bean, wheat, soybean and millet", while in Mencius Teng Wengong, they are called "rice, millet, wheat and rice", and in Buddhist sacrifices, they are also called "barley, wheat, rice, adzuki bean and millet". There is also a saying that grains generally refer to five kinds of crops, namely, "hanging, rattan, root, horn and ear".