Contents 1 Pinyin 2 Overview 3 Alias ??of bitter melon 4 Nutritional components of bitter melon 5 Nutritional value analysis of bitter melon 6 Selection of bitter melon 7 People who are suitable for eating bitter melon 8 Therapeutic effects of bitter melon 9 Consumption suggestions for bitter melon 10 Bitter melon Recommended consumption 11 "Compendium of National Chinese Herbal Medicine": Bitter Melon 11.1 Pinyin Name 11.2 Alias ??of Sick Grape 11.3 Source 11.4 Nature and Taste 11.5 Function and Indications 11.6 Usage and Dosage of Sick Grape 11.7 Excerpt 12 "Chinese Materia Medica": Bitter Melon 12.1 Source 12.2 Pinyin Name 12.3 English Name 12.4 Alias ??of Ley grape 12.5 Origin 12.6 Original form 12.7 Habitat distribution 12.8 Cultivation 12.9 Properties 12.10 Chemical composition 12.11 Pharmacological effects of Ley grape 12.12 Toxicity 12.13 Nature and flavor 12.14 Meridian 12.15 Function and indication 12.16 Usage and dosage of Ley grape 12.17 Note 12.18 Various discussions 12.19 Excerpt 13 Attached reference materials: 1. Prescriptions using the traditional Chinese medicine Scalyx grapes 2. Chinese patent medicines using the traditional Chinese medicine Scalyx grapes 3. Scalyx grapes in ancient books This is a redirect entry, *** enjoying the content of bitter melon. For the convenience of reading, the bitter melon in the following text has been automatically replaced by the leprosy grape. You can click here to restore the original appearance, or use the note method to display 1 Pinyin

lài pú táo 2 Overview

Ley grape, The fruit of the Cucurbitaceae plant, Vitis vinifera, is native to tropical Asia and is widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions. India, Japan and Southeast Asia have a long history of cultivation, and China has a cultivation history of about 600 years. It was listed as one of the famine relief plants in the early Ming Dynasty of China, but it was not yet widely cultivated at that time. It was not until the middle and late Ming Dynasty that it was more commonly eaten by southerners, and it is still mostly cultivated in South China. The skinny grape has a special bitter taste, but it is still loved by the public. This is not only because of its special taste, but also because it has magical effects that ordinary vegetables cannot match. Although leprous grapes are bitter, they never impart the bitterness to "others". For example, when fish is cooked with leprous grapes, the fish pieces will never taste bitter, so leprous grapes are also known as "gentlemen's dishes".

The root system is well developed and the stems are tendril-like, prone to lateral vines and tendrils. The leaves are palmately divided, smooth and hairless. Flowers are unisexual, monoecious, solitary, with yellow corolla. The berries are spindle-shaped, short cone-shaped or long cone-shaped, with a shiny surface and covered with strips and knob-like protrusions. The fruit meat contains a glycoside that gives it a bitter taste. Generally, varieties with darker fruits have a stronger bitter taste. Each fruit contains 20 to 30 seeds. The seeds are shield-shaped, yellowish brown, with thick seed coat and carved patterns on the surface. Thousand-grain weight is 150 to 180 grams.

Lepidic grapes like warm temperatures, are more tolerant of heat, and are intolerant of frost. The suitable growth temperature is 20-30℃, but it can still grow normally and bloom and bear fruit at high temperatures. It is also more tolerant to waterlogging. It is a short-day plant, but most varieties do not have strict requirements on the length of daylight. It likes light and needs strong light especially during the flowering and fruiting period. It is grown once a year in the Yangtze River Basin of China; it can be cultivated in spring, summer and autumn in South China. Direct seeding or seedling planting. About 2,000 to 3,000 plants are planted per acre. The stems and vines grow vigorously, and the side vines mainly produce fruit. They have strong fruiting ability and are mostly cultivated on supports. Because flowering and fruiting occur at the same time as stems and vines grow, they require more nutrients. During the flowering and fruiting period, damage by melon fruit fly and downy mildew must be prevented. It is generally harvested 12 to 15 days after flowering. If it is too late, the fruit will crack, revealing the bright red pulp, and the taste will change from bitter to sweet. The seeds should not be exposed to the hot sun, and the germination period is only 1 to 2 years.

The roots of Lepidoptera can be used in traditional Chinese medicine. Tender fruits are rich in vitamin C, containing approximately 56 to 84 mg per 100 grams of fresh weight. Slicing and squeezing out the juice before frying can reduce the bitterness. 3 Alias ??of leprous grapes

Leprous grapes are also called cold melons, leprous melons, brocade lychees and bitter melons. 4 Nutritional contents of leprous grapes

Leprous grapes are rich in nutrients and contain 0.9 protein per 500 grams. grams, 3.2 grams of carbohydrates, 18 mg of calcium, 0.6 mg of iron, 0.08 mg of carotene, 0.07 mg of thiamine, 0.04 mg of riboflavin, 0.03 mg of niacin, and 84 mg of vitamin C [1]. 5 Analysis of the nutritional value of skinny grapes

1. Promote diet, reduce inflammation and reduce fever:

The grapevine glycosides and bitter elements in skinny grapes can increase appetite, strengthen the spleen and appetizer; it contains Quinine, a biological substance, has diuretic and blood circulation, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties, clears the mind and improves eyesight;

2. Anti-cancer and anti-cancer:

The protein component of leprosy grape and a large amount of vitamin C It can improve the body's immune function and enable immune cells to kill cancer cells; Mango grape juice contains a certain protein component that can enhance macrophage ability and is clinically effective against lymphosarcoma and leukemia; it is extracted from Mango grape seeds Trypsin inhibitors can inhibit the protease secreted by cancer cells and prevent the growth of malignant tumors;

3. Lower blood sugar:

The fresh juice of grapevine contains glucoside and A substance similar to insulin, it has a good blood sugar-lowering effect and is an ideal food for diabetic patients. 6. Selection of Leshy Grapes

The fruit tumors on the skin of Leshy Grapes are the characteristics that determine the quality of Leshy Grapes. The larger and plumper the particles are, the thicker the melon flesh is; the smaller the particles, the thinner the melon flesh is. When choosing scabby grapes, you should not only choose ones with large fruit tumors and upright rows, but also be white and beautiful, because if the scabby grapes turn yellow, it means they are over-ripe, the flesh will be soft and not crisp enough, and they will lose the taste that scaly grapes should have. 7 Suitable for people who eat scabby grapes

The general population can eat scabby grapes.

1. Patients with diabetes, cancer, and prickly heat are suitable to eat leprosy grapes;

2. Ley grapes are cool in nature and should not be consumed by those with spleen and stomach deficiency. 8 Therapeutic effects of Lepidic Grape

Lepidic Grape is sweet, bitter, cold, non-toxic, and enters the spleen and stomach meridians. It clears heat, relieves heat, detoxifies and relieves troubles, and treats febrile diseases, polydipsia, heatstroke, dysentery, carbuncles and malignant sores. To treat heat stroke, fever and polydipsia, use this product decoction in water instead of tea; to treat dysentery, use fresh leprosy grape juice and drink it with boiling water. The fruit has the effect of clearing the mind and improving eyesight, and the seeds have the effect of replenishing qi and aphrodisiac. Mango grapes are rich in vitamin C. Generally, eating 100 grams of mango grapes raw every day can obtain the body's demand for vitamin C. People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold will experience vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain when eating, so they should be taken with caution. [1]

The skinny grape smells bitter, non-toxic, and cold in nature, and enters the heart, liver, spleen, and lung meridians;

The skinny grape has the functions of clearing away heat, removing heat, improving eyesight, detoxifying, and being a diuretic. It has the effect of cooling blood, relieving fatigue, clearing the mind, replenishing qi and aphrodisiac;

Leprosy grape is mainly used to treat heat stroke, summer heat polydipsia, heat boils, excessive prickly heat, red and swollen eyes, carbuncle erysipelas, burns and scalds, and oliguria and other diseases. 9 Suggestions for eating leprosy grapes

1. Don’t eat too much at one time.

2. Boiling Leprous grapes in water and scrubbing the skin can clear away heat, relieve itching and remove prickly heat.

3. Eating grapes and eggs together can protect bones, teeth and blood vessels, enable better absorption of iron, has the effect of strengthening the stomach, and can treat gastric pain, eye pain, colds, typhoid and Diarrhea and vomiting in children.

10 Recommended consumption of leprous grapes

100 to 500 grams of fresh product each time, 50 to 50 grams of dried product each time 11 "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines": Lesbian grape 11.1 Pinyin name

Kǔ Guā 11.2 Alias ??of Lepidic Grape

Source of Leygourd 11.3

Momordica charantia L. is a plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae genus, and its melons, roots, vines and leaves are used as medicine. Collected in summer, processed separately and dried in the sun. 11.4 Nature and flavor

Melon, roots and leaves: bitter, cool. 11.5 Functional Indications

Clear away heat and detoxify. It is used for heat stroke, toothache, enteritis, dysentery, and bloody stools; it is used externally to treat prickly heat, boils, and boils. 11.6 Usage and Dosage of Lepidic Grape

Melon, root and flat: 2 to 3 taels; appropriate amount for external use, mash and apply or apply to the affected area. 11.7 Excerpt

"National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine" 12 "Chinese Materia Medica": Lepidoptera 12.1 Source

From "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica". 12.2 Pinyin name

Kǔ Guā 12.3 English name

Balsamper, Fruit of Balsamper 12.4 Alias ??of Sick Grape

Brocade Lychee, Bitter Melon, Red Girl, Lianggua , Lepidic Melon, Red Sheep 12.5 Source

Medicinal material source: It is the fruit of the Cucurbitaceae plant Lepidoptera.

Latin plant, animal and mineral name: Momordica charantia L.

Harvesting and storage: Harvest the fruits in autumn, slice them and dry them or use them fresh. 12.6 Original form

Grapevine is an annual climbing herb with many branches and fine hairs, and the tendrils are unbranched. The leaves are large, kidney-shaped and round, about 512cm in length and width, usually with 57 deep lobes, the lobes are oval-elliptical, the base is contracted, the edges are wavy-toothed, and both sides are nearly smooth or hairy; the petiole is 36cm long. Flowers are monoecious. Male flowers are solitary, stalked, 515cm long, with bracts at the middle or base. The bracts are kidney-shaped, heart-shaped, 515mm wide, and entire; the calyx is bell-shaped, 5-lobed, and the lobes are ovate-lanceolate, with a short apex and a length of 46mm. Corolla yellow, 5-lobed, lobes ovate-elliptical, 1.52cm long, apex obtuse or slightly concave; stamens 3, adnate to the throat of the calyx tube. The female flowers are solitary, stalked, 510cm long, with bracts at the base; the ovary is spindle-shaped, with spinous tubercles, a beak at the apex, a slender style, 3 stigmas, and many ovules. The fruit is oblong, oval or narrow at both ends, 830cm long, with obtuse and irregular knob-like protrusions throughout. It is orange when mature and has three petals cracked from the top. The seeds are oval, flat, 1015mm long, with angular teeth on both ends, and uneven stripes on both sides, and are wrapped in a red fleshy aril. The flowering period is 67 months. The fruiting period is from September to October. 12.7 Habitat distribution

Ecological environment: Widely cultivated in tropical to temperate temperate regions of the world.

Resource distribution: It is cultivated all over the country. 12.8 Cultivation

Biological characteristics: It likes warm climate. It is more resistant to heat and low temperatures, and likes humidity, but is not resistant to stains. It is advisable to choose lowland cultivation with deep, fertile soil and convenient drainage.

Cultivation technology: propagation by seeds, direct seeding or seedling transplanting. Direct seeding method: 34-hour sowing. Before sowing, the seeds are soaked and germinated, and then sown on demand according to the spacing between rows and plants of 1m×0.4m. Sow 23 seeds in each hole and cover with 23cm of soil. Seedling transplanting method: Sow in spring on February 23, use a nutrient pot to grow seedlings. When the seedlings have 23 true leaves, transplant according to the above method.

Field management Apply light fertilizer frequently during the seedling stage. Before entering the vigorous growth period, sufficient fertilizer should be applied. When there is high temperature and drought in summer, it is advisable to timely irrigate and strengthen top dressing. When the seedlings begin to sprout vines, insert herringbone brackets or arched scaffolding in time, and artificially guide the vines to the shelves or sheds.

Properly prune off weak side branches at the base and overly dense senescent yellow leaves to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. 12.9 Properties

Dried grape slices are oval or oblong in shape, about 28mm thick, 315cm long, and 0.42cm wide. They are generally shrunken and curved. The peel is light gray-brown, rough, and has longitudinal wrinkles. Or tumor-like protrusions. Sometimes there are seeds in the middle or holes left after the seeds fall off. It is brittle and easy to break. The smell is slightly bitter. The ones with green edges, white flesh, thin slices and few seeds are better. 12.10 Chemical composition

The fruit contains Charantin, which is an equimolecular mixture of βSitosterol βDglucoside and 5,25Stigmastadien3βolβDglucoside. . It also contains 5-hydroxytryptamine and a variety of amino acids such as glutamic acid, alanine, beta-alanine, phenylalanine, proline, alpha-aminobutyric acid, citrulline, galacturonic acid, and pectin [ 6]. It also contains lipids, of which the fatty acids are palmitic acid; stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and eleostearic acid (elacostearic acid)[7]. 12.11 Pharmacological effects of Lepidopsis grape

Effect of lowering blood sugar: After oral administration of Lepgrape pulp juice, normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits can significantly reduce blood sugar. In rats with hyperglycemia caused by subcutaneous injection of anterior pituitary extract, water extract of Lepidoptera grape juice also had the effect of lowering blood sugar. Oral administration of glucoside to rabbits can lower blood sugar. The mode of action is similar to tolbutamide but is stronger. The blood sugar-lowering effect on cats whose pancreas has been removed has not completely disappeared. Therefore, its blood sugar-lowering effects include pancreatic and non-pancreatic effects. two functions. It is also believed that the hypoglycemic effect of Lepidoptera grape juice and fruit dry extract on normal and diabetic rabbits is not certain. Oral administration of alcoholic extract of grapevine to diabetic patients did not lower blood sugar. 12.12 Toxicity

Pregnant rats were given 6 ml/kg of leprosy grape juice, causing uterine bleeding and death within a few hours. Normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were given 6 ml/kg daily, and 8090 died within 523 days. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with 1540ml/kg of leprosy grape juice and died within 618 hours. Rabbits suffering from alloxan diabetes were given 10 ml/kg of leprosy grape pulp juice every day, which showed toxicity to most animals. 12.13 Nature and flavor

Bitter taste; cold nature 12.14 Meridian return

Return to the heart; spleen; lung meridian 12.15 Functions and Indications

Clear away heat and clear away heat; improve eyesight; detoxify . Mainly used for polydipsia due to summer heat; quenching thirst; pain in red eyes; dysentery; sores and carbuncles; 12.16 Usage and dosage of Lepidic Grape

Oral administration: decoction, 615g, fresh product 3060g; or forge and grind into powder. External use: Appropriate amount, pound the fresh product for application; or apply the juice. 12.17 Note

"Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": For those with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, eating will cause vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain. 12.18 Discussions by various experts

1. "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": Treats red fire poisonous gas, malignant sores and poisonous sores, or sesame boils all over the body with unbearable pain. It purges excess fire in the six meridians, clears heat, replenishes qi, and quenches thirst.

2. "Shengshengbian": Removes evil heat, relieves fatigue, clears the mind and improves eyesight.

3. "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": Removes heat and relieves troubles.

4. "Suixiju Food Spectrum": Green removes heat, improves eyesight and clears the heart. When cooked, it nourishes the blood and liver, moistens the spleen and kidneys.

5. "Quanzhou Materia Medica": It mainly treats irritability, quenching thirst and inducing drinking, wind-heat and red eyes, heatstroke and diarrhea. 12.19 Excerpt