There are more than 80 countries producing apples in the world, and the main producing countries are 12, and the annual output exceeds or approaches10 million tons. According to the output, China (46%), the United States (9%), Turkey (6%), Italy (5%), France (5%) and Poland (5%) respectively.
Besides China, Yuan Shuai and Jinguan are two main cultivated varieties in the world. If China is included, Fuji will become the largest cultivated variety in the world. The newly developed orchards in the United States, Italy, France, Chile and South Africa account for more than 50% of Red Fuji, and the cultivated area of Red Fuji in China accounts for 49.6% of the total apple area.
China is a big producer of apples, accounting for 65% of the total output. China is the largest producer and consumer of apples in the world, accounting for more than 40% of the world's planting area and output, and occupies an important position in the world's apple industry.
There are four major apple producing areas in China: Loess Plateau, Bohai Bay, Old Yellow River and Southwest Cold Region. According to the climatic and ecological suitability standard, the northwest loess plateau production area and Bohai Bay production area are the most suitable apple planting areas in China, accounting for 44% and 34% of the national apple planting area, 49% and 365,438+0% of the national output, and 90% of the national export.
The old Yellow River production area belongs to the sub-suitable area of apple production, and the apple production scale in the southwest cold plateau is small and the industrial base is poor, which can not meet the requirements of the apple production advantage area.
Planting conditions of extended data apple:
1, soil requirements
Soil has a certain influence on the growth rate, yield and quality of apples. When planting apples, we should choose soil with deep soil layer, convenient drainage, loose soil, fertile soil and rich organic matter, and the pH value in the soil is preferably between 5 and 8. In order to ensure the quality and taste of apples, never choose poor, alkaline or poorly breathable cohesive soil to grow apples.
2. Lighting requirements
Apples like to grow in sunny environment. Only when there is enough sunshine can the photosynthesis of apple trees promote the vigorous growth of plants and produce more and better apples.
If there is not enough sunshine in the growing environment, apple trees will grow in vain, with weak branches and leaves, poor disease resistance, poor root growth, low fruit setting rate, insufficient fruit sugar and failed coloring. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal growth of apple trees and improve the yield and quality of apples, it is necessary to ensure sufficient sunshine when planting.
Step 3 precipitate
Water plays an important role in the growth of apples. The natural precipitation that ordinary fruit trees can actually absorb is about 1/3. In the growth period of apple trees, as long as the precipitation reaches 540 mm, they can meet their growth needs. From April to September every year, if apples are planted in areas with precipitation below 450 ml, the fruit trees should be irrigated.
The distribution of precipitation in northern China is uneven, and the precipitation is insufficient in spring. 70-80% of precipitation is concentrated in July-August. Because of the lack of water in inland areas with less precipitation in China, irrigation, soil and water conservation facilities and drainage facilities need to be built in rainy season to ensure the normal growth of apple trees and ensure the yield and quality of apples.
4. Temperature requirements
Apple trees like to grow in a low temperature and dry environment. They have strong cold resistance and heatstroke prevention ability. The suitable growth temperature is between 12-25℃. If the planting temperature is lower than 12℃ or higher than 30℃, it will affect the growth of apple trees. In order to ensure the normal dormancy of apple trees, it is best to control the temperature below 8℃ in winter, and then continue to germinate in spring after the apple trees are dormant.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Apple