Contents 1 Pinyin 2 "Compilation of National Chinese Herbal Medicine": Usnea 2.1 Pinyin name 2.2 Alias ??of Usnea 2.3 Source 2.4 Nature and taste 2.5 Function and indication 2.6 Usnea usage and dosage 2.7 Remarks 2.8 Excerpt 3 "Chinese Materia Medica" : Usnea 3.1 Origin 3.2 Pinyin name 3.3 Alias ??of Usnea 3.4 Source 3.5 Original form 3.6 Habitat distribution 3.7 Properties 3.8 Chemical composition 3.9 Pharmacological effects of Usnea 3.10 Nature and flavor 3.11 Meridian tropism 3.12 Function and indication 3.13 Usnea usage and dosage 3.14 Each family Discussion 3.15 Excerpts are attached: 1 Prescriptions using the traditional Chinese medicine Usnea 2 Chinese patent medicines using the traditional Chinese medicine Usnea 3 Usnea in ancient books 1 Pinyin

sōng luó 2 "National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine": Usnea 2.1 Pinyin Name

Sōnɡ Luó 2.2 Alias ??of Usnea

Tree hanging, cloud grass, sea breeze vine [Northwest, Central South, Southwest], golden thread grass, Laojunxu 2.3 Source

It is Usnea diffracta Vain. or Usnea longissima Ach., with lichen bodies (leaves) state) used as medicine. It can be harvested throughout the year, impurities removed, and dried in the sun for later use.

2.4 Nature and flavor

Sweet, flat. A little poisonous. 2.5 Functional Indications

Clear away heat and detoxify, relieve cough and reduce phlegm. Used for pulmonary tuberculosis (mostly the sodium salt of usnic acid), chronic bronchitis; external use to treat trauma infection, postoperative wound infection, suppurative otitis media, boils, lymph node tuberculosis, mastitis, burns, cervical erosion, *** drops insect. 2.6 Usnea usage and dosage

1 to 3 qian; appropriate amount for external use, grind into powder for external application or decoct in water to wash the affected area. 2.7 Remarks

(1) Usnea florida (L.) Wigg. has similar effects. 2.8 Excerpt

"Compilation of National Chinese Herbal Medicine" 3 "Chinese Materia Medica": Usnea 3.1 Source

From "Famous Doctors".

1. "Famous Doctors": Usnea grows on pine trees in the valleys of Xiong'er Mountain. Collected in May and dried in the shade.

2. Tao Hongjing: There are many usneas in Dongshan. They grow on miscellaneous trees, and the ones on pine trees are the most popular ones. "The Biography of Mao's Poems" says that the vines and female dills are applied to the pine trees. 葑 is parasitic, the one on the mulberry tree is the real thing, and the one on the pine tree is not used. There are similarities and differences between them.

3. "Compendium of Materia Medica": According to Mao Chang's "Poetry", it says that female radish is also rabbit silk. "Wu Pu's Materia Medica" refers to rabbit silk as usnea. Tao Hongjing said that the fungus is a parasite on the mulberry tree and the usnea is a parasite on the pine tree. Lu Dian's "Piya" says that the vine is a parasitic parasite on pines and cypresses, and the female rosette is a vine floating on the pine. It also says 3.2 Pinyin name

Sōnɡ Luó 3.3 The alias of usnea

Female rosette, pineapple Parasitoid, pine fall, ceiling grass, snow wind vine, mountain noodle, asparagus grass, money grass, guan gong beard, canopy grass, tree hanging, flying centipede, pine hair, sea breeze vine, stone thread, flying mountain wing, fairy hair , golden vine, cloud grass, Laojun's beard, beard grass, tea beard, mountain dragon, stone beard 3.4 Source

Medicinal material source: Usnea longum and Usnea ring-split plant. of lichen bodies.

Latin plant and animal mineral names: 1. Usnea longissina Ach. 2. Usnea diffracta Vain

Harvesting and storage: Harvest in spring and autumn, wash, cut into sections, and dry in the sun .

3.5 Original form

1. The surface is gray-green, grass-green, and old branches are gray-grass yellow. The main branch has a cortex, while the secondary branches lack a cortex.

2. Light green to light yellow-green. The diameter of the base of the branch is about 3mm, and the main branch is 34mm thick. The secondary branches are neat or irregular and have many bifurcated branches. The branches are cylindrical, and a few ends are slightly flat or angular. The branches have annular fissures, like spines. 3.6 Habitat distribution

Ecological environment: 1. Grows on tree trunks and branches.

2. Born on the trunk of a tree.

Resource distribution: 1. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet and other places.

2. Distributed in Northeast China and Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan and other places. 3.7 Characters

Character identification (1) Lichen body is filamentous, soft, light yellow-green. The main branches are short, cortical, and annularly split; the secondary branches are extremely long, cortical, densely ciliated, and often have small granular warts on the surface.

(2) Lichens are filamentous, thick, light gray-green or light yellow-brown. There are many annular fissures on the surface of the branches. The cross section shows a linear, strong and tough central axis in the center, which is elastic and composed of hyphae; outside it is an algal ring, which is often separated into short tubes by annular grooves. 3.8 Chemical composition

Usnea lichen filaments contain barbatic acid, usnic acid, diffractaic acid, ramalic acid acid), lichenin, usnea polysaccharide, ethyl everninate. The lichen filaments of Usnea annulifolia contain barbaric acid, usnic acid, and diverninate. 3.9 Pharmacological effects

1. Antibacterial effect Many lichens such as Usnea contain antibacterial substances, among which usnic acid has particularly outstanding antibacterial effects. Its antibacterial spectrum is mainly Gram-positive bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In test tubes, usnic acid has a strong antibacterial effect on pneumococci, hemolytic streptococci, diphtheria bacilli, and tuberculosis bacilli. The inhibitory concentration is 15 μg/ml, and it can completely inhibit the growth of bacteria at 50 μg/ml. The inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus is slightly weaker than the above-mentioned bacteria, but stronger than the effect on Gram-negative bacteria. There is no big difference in the antibacterial effect between right-handed and left-handed types. However, there are also reports that it is effective against Gram-negative Bacillus pertussis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pneumonia, and even Escherichia coli and Proteus, but it is ineffective against Shigella dysenteriae and Typhoid bacilli. In in vitro tests, usnic acid has a significant inhibitory effect on human Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Complete inhibition can be obtained at 2050 μg/ml, and serum can slightly reduce its effectiveness. In in vivo tests (treatment of experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs), it is generally believed that oral administration or intraperitoneal injection has a better effect and can limit the development of tuberculosis lesions; some people have also reported that usnic acid alone has no effect on experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs. influence, but can enhance the effect of streptomycin. In vitro, it also has mild synergy with streptomycin or isoniazid. For human lung and intestinal tuberculosis, taking 0.11.0g of usnic acid sodium salt or 0.10.5g of Evosin (a preparation containing usnic acid and contracted elasmoic acid) daily can reduce some symptoms of tuberculosis such as coughing. , loss of appetite, fever or intestinal tuberculosis diarrhea, etc., have improved, and even the microscopic examination of tuberculosis bacteria has turned negative, but the observation is not complete enough to draw a final conclusion. The improvement of the above symptoms does not seem to be a direct effect of the drug on tuberculosis bacteria, because after oral administration, the blood does not reach the level of inhibitory concentration. Some people believe that it has no obvious effect on human tuberculosis. Usnic acid is used in China to treat tuberculosis, and some efficacy has been observed. Many studies have been conducted on the antibacterial effect of usnic acid. Some people think that it can inhibit protein synthesis, and others think that it is related to the repulsion of oxidative phosphorylation.

2. Effects on bacterial toxins and bacteriophages. Mixing 0.20.4% usnic acid with tetanus toxin or diphtheria toxin or injecting it within 10 minutes after toxin injection can make mice tolerate 2 times lethal dose of toxin. Subcutaneous injection of 2 mg/kg of usnic acid 2 hours after guinea pigs were inoculated with diphtheria bacteria, or mixed culture of the two before inoculation into guinea pigs, all had obvious protective effects.

For experimental tetanus infection in mice, the combined application of usnic acid and penicillin has the best effect. The paper plate method was used to prove that d usnic acid 0.55mg/ml has an anti-bacteriophage effect.

3. Effect on other pathogens Usnic acid also has inhibitory effects on protozoa and Trichomonas. Oral administration of 100 to 150 mg/kg sodium usbate can damage and kill schistosomiasis and Fasciola hepatica in sheep, and intramuscular injection can achieve better results; for schistosomiasis in rabbits, its derivative - pine is used due to its high toxicity. Aniline fluoride, taken orally at 200mg/kg/day for 9 days, also achieved good results.

4. Other effects: For rats with partial hepatectomy, feeding usnic acid can promote liver regeneration. It can reduce the utilization of glucose and the glycogen content in the diaphragm of isolated rats. Intravenous injection of sodium usnicate 30mg/kg in anesthetized cats can increase blood sugar. D Usnic acid can significantly inhibit the division of fertilized eggs of starfish (Arbacia) and the uptake of phosphorus, but has little effect on oxygen consumption. It can also inhibit the activity of α-glycerophosphate neotetrazolium reductase in the mitochondria of rat ascites tumor cells (AH13AH7974). D Usnic acid has an inhibitory effect on isolated guinea pig and frog hearts; it has a vasodilatory effect on isolated rabbit ears and toad lower limb perfusion; it has a poppy-like effect on isolated rabbit intestines, paralyzing the intestines and antagonizing chlorination Spasm caused by barium and acetylcholine; it also has a relaxing effect on the uterus, bronchi and intestines of rabbits and cattle. Intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg sodium usnicate in anesthetized cats can quickly and significantly enhance their breathing, increase ventilation for a long time, increase oxygen consumption, and increase body temperature. These all indicate that metabolism is increased and has similar effects to dinitrophenol. effect, and its toxicity is greater than that of dinitrophenol. 3.10 Nature and flavor

Sweet; bitter; neutral in nature; 3.11 Meridian return

Heart; Kidney; Lung meridian 3.12 Functions and Indications

Expectorant and cough-relieving; clearing away heat and detoxifying; Remove dampness and dredge meridians; stop bleeding and regulate menstruation; expel insects. . Indications: phlegm due to heat and warm malaria; cough and asthma; tuberculosis; headache; red eyes and cloudy eyes, carbuncle sores; scrofula; breast abscess; burns; poisonous snake bites, wind-warm paralysis, bruises, fractures; traumatic bleeding, vomiting blood ; Blood in the stool; metrorrhagia, irregular menstruation; leucorrhea; ascariasis; schistosomiasis. 3.13 Usnea usage and dosage

Oral administration: decoction, 69g. External use: appropriate amount, decoction and wash; or grind into powder and apply for application. 3.14 Discussions by various experts

"Compendium of Materia Medica": Usnea can calm liver evil and remove cold and heat. The same medicine as melon stem can spit phlegm, but Usnea can vomit people. 1. "Shen Nong's Materia Medica": Treats the evil spirit of anger, relieves sweating, headache, coldness, swelling and pain in women.

2. "Famous Doctors": It can treat phlegm-heat and warm malaria. It can vomit soup and dilute water channels.

3. "Treatise on the Properties of Medicine": Treats cold and heat, vomits phlegm and saliva in the chest, removes head sores, and treats galls on the neck.

4. "Rihuazi Materia Medica": makes people sleep.

5. "Supplements to the Compendium of Materia Medica": Treat snake and tiger injuries, burns caused by soup and fire, and stubborn sores.

6. "Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine": Stops bleeding and promotes muscle growth, relieves pain, clears the liver and improves eyesight, removes clouds, lowers blood pressure, and regulates menstruation. Treat traumatic bleeding, blood in the stool, acute conjunctivitis, corneal clouds, headache, hypertension, irregular menstruation, metrorrhagia, leucorrhea, carbuncle, and unnamed swelling.

7. "Commonly used Chinese herbal medicines in Tibet": clear away heat and detoxify, relieve cough and reduce phlegm. Treat traumatic infections, purulent infections, poisonous snake bites, tuberculosis, cough with excessive phlegm, cervical lymphadenitis, and mastitis. 3.15 Excerpt

"Chinese Materia Medica" Usnea Soup, a prescription using the traditional Chinese medicine Usnea

: sōngluótāng "Shenghui" Volume 52: Recipe name: Usnea Soup Composition: Pine Half a liang of dill, half a liang of ginseng and reed head, half a liang of Hengshan, Sichuan Cimicifuga... Usnea Drink

sōngluóyǐn "Shengji Zonglu" Volume 35: Fang name: Usnea drink composition: Usnea 3 points, licorice (raw) half a tael, Changshan (finely filed) half... Du Heng Decoction

Pinyin: dùhéngtāng Prescription: 3 taels Du Heng, 3 taels usnea, 30 melon pedicles .

Functions and Indications: Excessive phlegm in the chest, headache, inability to eat, and drinking... Usnea Wan

Sound: sōngluówán "Shenghui" Volume 52: Prescription: Usnea Wan Composition: Usnea Half Two, Hengshan half a pound (file), asafoetida 1 cent, Shuqi... Pueraria lobata for dysentery

5 cents, fried sophora flavescens with wine 8 cents, dried tangerine peel 1 cent, red peony root 1 cent 2 cents, Chen Usnea tea costs 1 cent and 2 cents, fried malt costs 1 cent and 2 cents, and hawthorn costs 1 cent and 2 cents. Preparation method:... More prescriptions using the traditional Chinese medicine usnea

Chinese patent medicine Zhike Dingchuan pills using the traditional Chinese medicine usnea

Zi 3 qian, Sichuan Pu 3 qian, Guangpi 3 qian, licorice 3 qian, rice husk 3 qian, usnea tea 1 tael. Indications: Tuberculosis in men and women, colds, phlegm and asthma, chest tightness and cough, day and night... One bead

20g soaked and stir-fried. (3) 120g of sand is boiled and quenched with vinegar, broken into pieces, and boiled with usnea tea (20g of usnea tea is boiled twice in water, soaked for about 1 hour, combined and boiled... Xiaoying Soup

Wash) 60 grams each of gentian, sea clam powder, kelp, kelp (burning property), 30 grams each of alum and usnea, 75 grams of pinellia, 45 grams of wheat koji, 30 grams of angelica. Preparation method: Apply medicine... Chuanxiong tea powder

Turbid discharge often occurs continuously. Usage and dosage: 2 qian per serving, mixed with fine Usnea tea after meals, 3 times a day. Preparation method: The above is fine powder. Ligusticum chuanxiong tea blend... More Chinese patent medicines using the traditional Chinese medicine usnea

Usnea in the ancient book "Compendium of Materia Medica": [Volume Six Woods] Usnea tea

Produced in Huizhou. Feng Yuan of this classic says: Huizhou Usnea is specialized in transforming food. Qiu Dengcong said: A certain Beijia trader in the south of the Yangtze River, good at eating pig heads, as many people as possible, and good at Qihuang... "Compendium of Materia Medica": [Wood Volume 37, Part 4] Usnea < /p>

Parasitism on pine trees. Shizhen said: The name is unknown. The explanatory note "Bie Lu" says: Usnea grows on the pine trees in the Xiong'er Valley. Collected in May and dried in the shade. Hongjing said: There are many things in Dongshan... "Puji Fang": [Volume 199: Malaria Gate] Phlegm Malaria (Appendix)

) Shang Xixin Decoction (from Shenghui Fang) ) Treats phlegm, malaria and vomiting of the diaphragm. Asarum (remove seedling leaves) Usnea rhinoceros horn licorice (three and a half points each) Changshan Cimicifuga (one or two points each) Gardenia... "Ben Cao Cheng Ya Ban Gao": [Seventh Poem] Ming

Land is just what Ji Zan calls it. Nowadays, there are Huqiu, Luo, Tianchi, Guzhu, Usnea, Longjing, Yandang and Wu, but the cultivation is not good, or the harvesting is sparse. (... "Compendium of Materia Medica": [Volume 18 of the Ministry of Grass, Part 7] Cuscuta