There are many variations in the legend of Torch Festival. Although the sources are different, they are all similar. The text structure of the story follows the narrative procedure of struggle between man and God → man conquers God → God retaliates → man conquers God again → celebrates victory and gains a bumper harvest. These different texts all have strong humanistic spirit, and they all end in declaring the victory of man and the failure of God, which is different from the narrative mode dominated by God in mythology. With the development of society, the change of history, the shift of the core problem of human existence (from nature to society) and the intensification of class social conflicts, the legend of Torch Festival is closely intertwined with the vast and complicated social life of all ethnic groups, and then becomes an oral narrative way to express ethnic contradictions and class contradictions. This kind of legend is a secondary torch festival custom legend with the theme of praising ancestors and heroes.
What does Torch Festival mean? Torch Festival is an ancient and important traditional festival for Yi, Bai, Naxi, Jinuo and Lahu nationalities. It has a profound connotation of folk culture and is called "Carnival of the East" at home and abroad. Different ethnic groups hold Torch Festivals at different times, mostly on June 24th of the lunar calendar. The main activities are bullfighting, goat shooting, cockfighting, horse racing, wrestling, song and dance performances, beauty contests and so on. In the new era, the Torch Festival has been endowed with new folk functions and produced new forms.
The Torch Festival lasts for three days:
The first day of Torch Festival: Sacrificing fire. On this day, everyone puts on their favorite clothes and is happy. Every village will kill cattle and sheep, hold banquets, all kinds of meat, fragrant and sweet wine, and the aroma is overflowing. If you worship it, God will be full of praise. When night falls, people near the village will set up an altar at the location selected by the old man, and tap stones to light the flame in the traditional way. Bimo (a Yi folk priest) will recite the scriptures and offer sacrifices to Vulcan. Then, every household, adults and children will wander in the corner of the field with torches made of wormwood from Bimo, imitating Asher's legend of fire repellent.
The second day of Torch Festival: spread the fire. On this day, every family gathers under the sacred fire of the altar and holds various traditional festivals. Boys should imitate the legendary Atiba, horse racing, wrestling, singing, bullfighting, fighting sheep and cockfighting. The girls imitate the legendary Ashima, wearing beautiful clothes and holding a butter umbrella, singing Doloho and dancing with their bodies. On this day, the most important activity is the beauty contest of Yi family. Older people should choose handsome men and beautiful women of the year from boys and girls according to the legendary standards such as Ashiba's hard work, courage, handsome spirit and Ashima's kindness, intelligence and beauty. As night falls, a pair of affectionate men and women, in the mountains, by the stream, under the butter umbrella, pluck Qin Yue, play the strings and tell each other about their lovesickness. Therefore, some people call Liangshan Yi International Torch Festival "Valentine's Day in the East".
Torch Festival Day 3: Send fire. This is the * * * of the entire Liangshan Yi International Torch Festival. On this day, when night falls, everyone will run around with torches. Finally, people gathered their torches together to form a huge bonfire, and happy people gathered around the bonfire to sing and dance heartily. The scene is extremely spectacular. Therefore, it is also called "Oriental Carnival Night".
What is the Torch Festival? Why is it called Torch Festival? NJ jiaocai/...00
The origin of torch festival
A long time ago, at the foot of Ailao Mountain, there lived a big demon. It is eight feet long, its head is as big as a bucket, its fangs are like sharp knives, and its claws are more than a foot long. It often makes waves in the shanzhai where the Yi people live in compact communities, endangering the people. It often takes the beautiful girl in the cottage as his wife and eats three pairs of eyes of the living every day. If it doesn't meet the requirements, it will be a disaster. But because the demon king is powerful, all people have no choice but to clean up bodies without eyes or disabled people who are not dead every day. It's really unbearable.
People under the king * * * like years, there is danger for everyone, and I don't know when the disaster will come. One day, the village leader said to everyone, "folks, we can't just wait for death!" " Only by getting rid of demons can we live. "Everyone said with one voice," please help us! "The leader agreed to everyone's request and was determined to get rid of the king. He organized a group of brave and strong young people, armed with spears, broadswords and gunpowder, to sneak into the cave where King Esau lived. He saw the monster's evil eyes, like two headlights. In order to eliminate pests, the warriors risked their lives and threw their spears and broadswords at the king of Iraq. Who knows, Wang Yi didn't respond at all. It turns out that the monster's skin is so thick that spears and arrows can't hurt it at all, just like scratching. The chief also instructed everyone to put gunpowder under King Jing Yi, and then lit the fuse with a bang. King Jing Yi was blown down, which angered him. He opened his mouth, took a deep breath and sucked everyone outside the hole into his mouth, which became a delicious meal in his stomach that day.
The monster has not been removed, and it has eaten many people. People were desperate and forced to run for their lives. As a result, the originally prosperous Yi township became sparsely populated, the farmland was barren and the village was dilapidated.
In this dangerous period, on a crisp autumn morning, a Taoist priest came from Xiajiang (referring to JD.COM in ancient times). He was dashing, dressed in a black robe, holding a cane and carrying a small bamboo basket behind him. When he entered the village, he saw a shabby scene with almost no people. Only when someone asked him occasionally did he know that the devil was at work. Taoist priests are determined to exorcise demons for the people. He put down the small bamboo basket, took out the sword to cut the demon, put a spell on the bamboo basket, and raised the sword to recite the spell. In less than an hour, sand and stones were flying and the earth was crumbling. I saw the king of Shu running in a hurry, crying and screaming, kneeling beside the small bamboo basket sadly, getting smaller and smaller. The Taoist priest held the monster's body with his hand. Later, the Taoist priest put the king in a small bamboo basket, carried him to the foot of Taiji Mountain at the junction of Weishan and Nanjian, and imprisoned him in a cave, so that he would never be hurt by the mountain, and only let him have a look at the outside world from the cave on June 25 of the lunar calendar every year. The local Yi people hate Hehe Wang. Every time he looks out, people will hold torches, sprinkle rosin and shout, "Burn! Burning! Thank you, Mr. Chang, for burning King Yi Shu ... "Thousands of people lit up the world with torches, and their shouts shook the earth. A few years later, on the evening of June 25th in the lunar calendar, King Yi Shu was scared to death in the cave. People were even more cheerful, running around telling on each other, lighting torches, burning bonfires, singing folk songs and dancing to celebrate the monster's death. So the Torch Festival was formed, handed down from generation to generation, and has been passed down to the present.
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The meaning of discrediting face in Torch Festival "discrediting face" is a traditional custom of Yi villagers in Torch Festival, which generally means blessing, friendship, love and will. Sacrifice to the mountain god, everyone should be bad. If there are no hacked people this day, the next year will be very unhappy. Of course, "wiping face" is also a unique way of welcoming guests of the Yi people. Whoever puts the bottom ash on the other person's face, the darker it is, the more luck you have! I noticed that the whiter the skin, the easier it is to be smeared, and of course the happier it is.
What is the Torch Festival? Torch Festival, also known as Chinese Valentine's Day, is a traditional festival for people of all ethnic groups in Yi languages, such as Yi, Bai, Bo, Naxi, Hani and Lahu, which are distributed in southwest China. It is famous at home and abroad for its enthusiasm and solemnity. The holiday time in different countries and regions is slightly different. Most of them are held from June 24 in the summer calendar, and the festival lasts for at least three days. Some last seven days or even half a month. During the festival, families kill chickens and sheep to eat "Tuotuo meat" and taste new buckwheat, as well as bullfighting, sheep shooting, wrestling, horse racing, singing and dancing and other entertainment activities. In the evening, every household lights a pre-made Song and Ming torch and leaves one on the gatehouse. Then, men, women and children take the torch to the mountains and fields, illuminate the fields with fire and dance with it. In an instant, all the "fire dragons" on the Panshan Mountain jumped up and down, and the stars splashed. The poet Wen of the Yuan Dynasty once gave a unique description of this scene: "Clouds cover the red sun and mountains cover the flames." Ten thousand lotus flowers open the sea market, and there are stars in the world one day. "This shows that the momentum is spectacular. The most interesting activity in playing with fire is "throwing fire": people hold a bunch of burning torches in their left hands, and their right hands grab handfuls of "fragrant pine noodles" mixed with rosin from their satchels and throw them at each other's torches, only to hear a bang, and a dazzling Venus flame rises, which is really beautiful, and its meaning is similar to that of the Dai people's "splashing water" for blessing. Then, people gathered in the wide area of the village, singing and dancing all night around the burning bonfire. ...
How did the joyful and unique Torch Festival come about? There are many sayings in folklore.
According to the legend of Yi people in Yunnan, there was once a Hercules named Attila Ba, who had the power to pull out mountains. Because in the contest, the Hercules Sjelabi in the sky was killed and the Buddha was angered. In order to punish him, the Buddha sent a large number of locusts and moths to eat crops on the ground. Attila cut down many pine trees on the night of June 24th and led many people to burn insects. Since then, people have designated this day as the Torch Festival.
According to the legend of the Bai people in Yunnan, in the Tang Dynasty, Piluge, the king of Nanzhao, wanted to annex five other imperial edicts, ordered people to build a flammable Song Ming Building, and then invited the other five imperial edicts to dinner. Before Huang Deng wrote to his master, his wife, Mrs. Charity, tried to dissuade him, so she wore an iron bracelet on his wrist. The five imperial edicts who attended the meeting were indeed killed. When Miss Charity arrived, there was only a pile of ruins left in Songming Building. People came from all directions, lit torches, helped the charity lady find her husband in the dark, and finally found a burnt bone with an iron bracelet. Mrs Charity jumped into Erhai Lake with her husband's bones in her arms. This day is June 25th. Since then, people have lit the torch every day to express their admiration and nostalgia for this charity lady.
According to the legend of Lahu nationality in Yunnan, there was once a wicked man who ate people's eyes. When a kind-hearted man knows this, he finds a snail to eat for him every day, so that he won't eat people's eyes again. On June 24, the good man didn't find the snail, so he bought a sheep, fitted it with a pair of horns made of beeswax, lit it, and sent it to the mountains to feed the wicked. Sheep are running on the mountain, and two wax horns illuminate the mountain. The wicked thought there was fire everywhere, so they hid in a cave and blocked the hole with slate. After a long time, the wicked man couldn't remove the slate, and finally he was drowned by the water flowing out of the cave. Since then, on June 24th every year, people hold high torches to celebrate.
About the origin of Torch Festival, there are also various records in Yunnan history books and local chronicles in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The descriptions of Bai Torch Festival in Notes on Ancient Yunnan and A Brief History of Yunnan are mostly attributed to the story of Pirog framing five imperial edicts in the 18th year of Tang Kaiyuan (730), which is basically consistent with the aforementioned folklore. Wanli Yunan Tongzhi said that during the Yuanfeng period of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 1 10- BC 105), Guo Shizhong was taken by the Han Dynasty to occupy Oman, the wife of the chief of Dali, and Mananu was killed. Oman made a false promise to Guo Shizhong, asking Guo Shizhong to allow her to pay homage to her dead husband, burn the clothes given to her by her ex-husband and put on the clothes given by Guo Shizhong. On the second day after Guo promised, Oman cut himself with a knife and threw himself into the fire. That was June 25th. Dali people mourn it, and every year they light a fire and gather together to mourn Oman. "Yunnan? Zaizai said, "Torch Festival is in Chinese Valentine's Day. On June 25th, farmers hold torches to shine on the fields and pray for the New Year", and said that the origin of this festival was related to Zhuge Liang's expedition to the south, so he captured Meng Huo that day and entered the city at night. The elders in the city set up a court to meet the enemy.
Modern scholars also have various opinions on the origin and cultural nature of Torch Festival.
The first view is that the explanation of the origin of Torch Festival in Yi legends should be the oldest among all kinds of legends, which shows the close relationship between Torch Festival and agricultural production. Its central intention is to protect crops from natural disasters and pests and pray for a bumper harvest. Therefore, Torch Festival should be regarded as the most popular festival in southwest China ...
Which nationality is the Torch Festival? Torch Festival is an ancient and important traditional festival for Yi, Bai, Naxi, Jinuo and Lahu nationalities. It has a profound connotation of folk culture and is called "Carnival of the East". Different ethnic groups hold Torch Festivals at different times, mostly on June 24th of the lunar calendar. The main activities are bullfighting, goat shooting, cockfighting, horse racing, wrestling, song and dance performances, beauty contests and so on. In the new era, the Torch Festival has been endowed with new folk functions and produced new forms.
Which nationality is the Torch Festival? Torch Festival is an ancient and important traditional festival for Yi, Bai, Naxi, Jinuo and Lahu nationalities. It has a profound connotation of folk culture and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad, and is called "Carnival of the East". Different ethnic groups hold Torch Festivals at different times, mostly on June 24th of the lunar calendar. The main activities are bullfighting, goat shooting, cockfighting, horse racing, wrestling, song and dance performances, beauty contests and so on. In the new era, the Torch Festival has been endowed with new folk functions and produced new forms.
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What national festival is Torch Festival? Torch Festival is an ancient traditional festival of Yi, Bai, Naxi, Jinuo and Lahu nationalities. With profound folk culture connotation, it is called "Oriental Carnival". Different ethnic groups hold Torch Festivals at different times, mostly on June 24th of the lunar calendar. The main activities are bullfighting, goat shooting, cockfighting, horse racing, wrestling, song and dance performances, beauty contests and so on. In the new era, the Torch Festival has been endowed with new folk functions and produced new forms.