Category root class

Different names attach importance to Taiwan (Ben Jing), ghost hiding, zhengma, deer intestines, duan, Xuantai (Wupu Materia Medica), salty (Bielu), Zhuma (on medicinal properties), fragrant grass (Kaibao Materia Medica), black ginseng (Sun Tianren's effective prescription) and wild fat.

The source is the root of Scrophulariaceae.

Plant morphology Scrophularia

Perennial herb, 60 ~120cm high. The root is cylindrical, with a length of 5 ~12cm and a diameter of1.5 ~ 3cm, the lower part is often bifurcated, and the outer skin is grayish yellow. Stems erect, four-branched, smooth or glandular pilose. Leaves opposite; The petiole is 0.5 ~ 2 cm long; Leaf blade ovoid or ovoid-elliptic, 7 ~ 20cm long and 3.5 ~12cm wide, with an acuminate apex, a rounded or nearly truncated base, a blunt serration at the edge, and sparse and scattered fine hairs below. Cymes spread out in a conical shape; Pedicel's1~ 3 boxes of rice, inflorescence and pedicel have obvious glandular hairs; Sepals 5-lobed, ovoid, with blunt apex and glandular hairs outside; Corolla is dark purple, the tube is oblique pot-shaped, about 8 mm long, with 5 lobes, the upper 2 lobes are longer and larger, the lateral 2 lobes are the second, and the lower lobes are the smallest; Stamens are 4 or 2 strong, and there are 1 degenerated stamens, which are scaly and attached to the corolla tube; Disk obvious; Ovary superior, 2-loculed, slender style. Capsule ovoid, apex mucronate, dark green or dark green, about 8 mm long, persistent calyx. The flowering period is from July to August. The fruiting period is from August to September.

Growing in hillside forests. Distributed in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou, Shaanxi and other places. Zhejiang has a lot of cultivation, and it is also cultivated in other places.

Before and after collecting beginning of winter, dig, remove stems, leaves and fibrous roots, brush off sediment, expose to the sun for 5-6 days, and turn it frequently. Every night, cover it with straw to prevent freezing (it is hollow when it is frozen). When it is semi-dry, pile it up for 2-3 days to make the interior black, then sun it, and pile and sun it repeatedly until it is completely dry. Drying method can be adopted in rainy days. This product is easy to damp out, so it should be stored in a ventilated and dry place to prevent mildew and moth.

The dried roots of medicinal materials are cylindrical, and some are curved like horns. The middle part is full of fat and the two ends are slightly thinner. It is about10 ~ 20cm in length and about1.5 ~ 3cm in diameter in the middle. The surface is grayish yellow or brown, with striations and grooves, with transverse cracks (lenticels) and fibrous root marks. The reeds at the top have all been trimmed, and the lower part is blunt. Solid, not easy to break. The section is dark black, slightly shiny and without cracks. Odorless or slightly burnt, sweet, slightly bitter and salty, and soft to chew. It is better to have fat branches, fine skin, firm quality, clean reed head and dark meat color. Those with small branches, rough skin and reed heads are inferior.

Location: Zhejiang, Sichuan and Hubei. In addition, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi and other places are also produced. Zhejiang has a large output and good quality.

In addition, there are roots of Radix Scrophulariae in northern China, which are often used as Radix Scrophulariae. Its distinguishing feature is that inflorescence is compressed into spikes; Corolla yellow-green; The leaves are narrow. Likes to be born in moist soil. Distributed in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China.

Chemical components include alkaloids, sugars, sterols, amino acids, fatty acids, trace volatile oil, carotene and so on.

Pharmacological action Pharmacological action of Radix Scrophulariae;

① hypotensive effect

Intravenous injection of fluid extract in anesthetized rabbits can make blood pressure rise slightly at first, and then decrease; A large amount only lowers blood pressure. Water immersion, ethanol water immersion and decoction have obvious antihypertensive effects on anesthetized dogs, cats and rabbits; Healthy dogs and "kidney-type high blood ratio" dogs, oral decoction 2g/kg, twice a day, all showed hypotensive effect, and the effect on the latter was more significant than that on the former. When the dosage was reduced, the effect just delayed. When toad heart is perfused, a small amount of fluid extract can show cardiotonic effect, while a large dose will show poisoning phenomenon, which will dilate the blood vessels of toad lower limbs.

② Other functions

The fluid extract injected subcutaneously into normal rabbits (5g/kg) can slightly reduce blood sugar. P-Mcthoxycinnamic_acid from its root has antipyretic effect on rabbits with typhoid fever. The infusion has antifungal effect in vitro. Because it contains saponins, it has obvious hemolysis effect and can cause local * * *.

In addition, the total flavonoids aglycone contained in the same plant S.grosslwimi has the effects of lowering animal blood pressure, reducing capillary permeability and benefiting gallbladder. S.nodosa has sedative, hypotensive, cardiotonic, vasodilator and some anticonvulsant effects.

Processing and sorting out impurities, removing reed heads, washing and moistening thoroughly, slicing and drying. Or wash it, soak it slightly, put it in a steamer, take it out and dry it for 60-70%. Braised until black inside and outside, sliced and dried.

"On Leigong's Roasting": "After picking Scrophularia, you must use cattail grass to separate it, steam it in the steamer for two volts, then go out, dry it, and pick out cattail grass for use."

The taste is bitter, salty and cold.

① Classic: "Bitter taste, slightly cold."

② Wupu Materia Medica: "Shennong, Tongjun, Leigong and Bian Que: bitter, non-toxic. Qi Bo: Salty. Li: Cold. "

③ Drug Meaning: "The taste is slightly bitter, slightly salty and slightly sweet, and the nature is cool."

Meridian entering the lung and kidney meridians.

(1) "Medicine Faxiang": "Foot Deficiency of Yin and Kidney Meridian."

② "Explanation of the nature of Leigong's processed drugs": "Entering the heart, lung and kidney."

③ New Edition of Materia Medica: "Entering the Spleen, Kidney and Stomach."

Functions mainly include nourishing yin, reducing fire, removing annoyance and detoxifying. It can be used for treating yin injury due to fever, polydipsia, macula, bone steaming and fatigue, restless night sleep, spontaneous sweating and night sweats, constipation due to body fluid injury, hematemesis and epistaxis, sore throat, carbuncle, carbuncle, macula due to warm toxin, red eyes, diphtheria and sore poison.

(1) The Classic: "The accumulation of cold and heat in the main abdomen, the woman's postpartum illness, tonifying kidney and qi, is eye-catching."

(2) Bielu: "The main stroke, typhoid fever, full of madness, ignorance of people, warm malaria spreading, blood purulent and cold blood, removing the qi in the chest, entering the water, stopping polydipsia, dispersing the cervical nucleus, carbuncle swelling, abdominal pain, and constipation, are determined to be five zang."

③ Theory of Medicinal Properties: "It can cure sudden heat, headache caused by hot air, typhoid fever and fatigue, and dispel tumor and abscess."

④ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Treat head wind, heat and toxic wind, tonify deficiency and strain, panic and irritability, poor bone steaming, spread evil spirits, stop forgetfulness and reduce swelling and toxicity."

⑤ "The Origin of Medicine": "It's not good to treat the mind that is depressed and tired and can't sleep, and the mind is upside down, and blood stagnation is not good for urination."

⑥ "Pinhui Essentials": "Eliminate the swelling of the throat and diarrhea the fire without roots."

⑦ "Compendium": "Nourish yin to reduce fire, relieve spot poison, benefit throat, and relieve blood stagnation in stool."

⑧ "Materia Medica Justice": "Treat the pathogenic heat of the chest and diaphragm, and clear the bladder, liver and kidney. "Cure sore throat caused by wind and heat, clear the eyes of liver yang, stop spontaneous sweating and night sweats, and treat hematemesis and epistaxis."

Usage and dosage for oral administration: decoction, 3 ~ 5 yuan; Or into the pill, scattered. External use: tamping or grinding and dressing.

Loose stool with damp spleen and stomach and spleen deficiency should be avoided.

(1) The Theory of Lei Gong's Baking: "When using, don't make the bait choke people's throats and lose their eyes."

② Notes on Materia Medica Classics: "Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Zingiberis, Fructus Jujubae, and Fructus Corni. Anti-Li Lu. "

(3) Shushu of Materia Medica: "Less blood, fainting eyes, stopping drinking cold and heat, fullness, abdominal pain due to blood deficiency and diarrhea due to epigastric deficiency are not suitable for taking."

④ Compendium of Medical Forest: "Deficiency of cold is taboo."

Prescription 1: After treating typhoid fever, sweating and vomiting, the toxic gas does not disperse, and the exterior is deficient and the interior is solid, and the heat is emitted to the outside, so the body is spotted like brocade, and even it is irritable and delirious. It also treats sore throat: Scrophularia, Cimicifuga, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis (roasted) are half and half. The file is as big as a bean, and each time you take it, you can copy five yuan, use one and a half cups of water, fry it until seven points, and then take it. (Xuanshen Shengma Decoction in the Book of Living Syndrome)

② Treatment of triple energizer: one or two of Scrophularia, Rhizoma Coptidis and Radix et Rhizoma Rhei. For the end, the honey pill is big. Take thirty or forty pills each time, with white soup. Children's pills are as big as millet. (Danxi Heart Method)

③ Treating Yangming febrile disease, without excessive scorching syndrome, without defecation for several days. At present, if the person is deficient in yin, it is not feasible to bear qi: one or two figwort roots, eight money for Ophiopogon japonicus (Lianxin). Eight cups of water, three cups of boiled water, dry mouth and drinking. Inconvenience, take it again. (Zengye Decoction in Treatise on Epidemic Febrile Diseases)

(4) Treating typhoid fever with deficiency of upper energizer, toxic gas heat congestion, sore throat and tongue: one or two of Scrophularia, Belamcanda and Xanthoceras respectively. The medicine is pounded and sieved to the end, and each time it is taken, it is five yuan, with a large cup of water, and it is fried to five points, and it is not necessary to take it at any time. ("Shenghuifang" Xuanshen San)

⑤ Treat acute laryngitis, regardless of adults and children: one or two of Scrophularia root and one or two of mouse sticky seeds (half-baked and half-fried). For the end, take a new cup of water. ("Shenghuifang")

⑥ Starting from the treatment of scrofula: Radix Scrophulariae (steamed), Concha Ostreae (roasted with vinegar, ground) and Bulbus Fritillariae (cored and steamed). * * * is the end, refined honey is the pill. Take San Qian twice a day under boiling water. ("Medical Mind Enlightenment" Xiaoyu Pill)

⑦ Relieve heat and eliminate sore poison: one or two of Radix Scrophulariae and Radix Rehmanniae each, and five yuan of rhubarb (simmer). The top is the end, honey pills are refined, lampwick and bamboo leaf soup are added, or a little sugar can be added. ("Supplementary Prescription for Pocket Children")

⑧ Treating red pulse and penetrating pupil: Radix Scrophulariae is used as the end, pork liver is cooked with rice and dipped in it every day. ("Ji Ji Xian Fang")

Remind you: Scrophularia is a Chinese herbal medicine from the Internet. Please follow the doctor's advice before using it.