Each subgenus is divided into six species, *** 12 species
The world's peach plants are about 40 species, China's peach plants are mainly distributed in western and northwestern China to Central and Western Asia and the Mediterranean region. According to the morphology of livestock and geographic distribution, the peach plants are divided into two subgenera:
(1) true peach subgenus: native to China's peach, Gansu peach, peach, Shanxi and Gansu peach, light walnut and Xinjiang peach six species. The fruit of this subgenus is juicy at maturity, non-cracking flesh, very small, with a dry pericarp.
(2) tonsil subgenus: native to China, tonsil, dwarf tonsil, elm, Xikang tonsil, Mongolia tonsil, long-stalked tonsil and other 6 species. The subgenus of fruit ripening flesh dry and juiceless, cracked into 2 petals, the natural separation of the nucleus, not cracked very few.
Peach
Latin name: Prunus persica; peach
Rosaceae plum genus deciduous small trees. The more important varieties are: nectarine, peach, peach, peach. Among them, nectarine and peach are cultivated as fruit trees, star fruit and peach mainly for ornamental, star fruit can also be used as a dwarf rootstock of peach. The tree is 4 to 5 meters high. The annual branches are reddish brown. Leaves are lanceolate, leaf margins serrate, petiole base often nectar. There are two types of flowers: rose-type and bell-type. Drupes except peach, mostly round or oblong, fruit surface except nectarine, are covered with velvet. Flesh white, yellow or red halo, a few red; soft, brittle hard or dense tough flesh; nuclear surface with different grooves point texture, are important for the classification of species and variety groups.
There are more than 3,000 varieties of peach in the world. China has about 800 varieties, according to its geographic distribution and combined with biological characteristics and morphological features, can be divided into five groups of varieties:
①Northern varieties group. Mainly distributed in the Yellow River basin, Qinghai, Ningxia and other places.
②Southern varieties group. Distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
③ yellow meat variety group. Originally distributed in the northwest and southwest of the area, now more coastal areas.
④ peach variety group. To Jiangsu, Zhejiang area cultivated more.
5 nectarine variety group. Distributed in Xinjiang, Gansu area. Sex like light, cold resistance is weak.
Suitable for dry climate, too much rain caused by branches and leaves, fruit drop aggravated, quality decline, and easy to cause disease flow. Suitable for neutral acidic well-drained sandy soil. Generally propagated by grafting. Its rootstock in southern China with hairy peach, the north with hickory. There are also rootstocks or plum, plum, apricot, hairy cherry, etc. as rootstocks. The common way of shaping for the natural happy shape, to adapt to its light-loving characteristics. Pruning methods according to varieties, age, environmental conditions and so on. Ornamental peach propagation and cultivation management is generally similar to the fruit with peach trees. Diseases such as peach leaf shrinkage disease, anthracnose, rheumatism, etc.; pests such as red-necked asphids, aphids, etc.. Southern China more than the use of bagging method of control.
The fruit of the peach is rich in nutrients, tender and juicy flesh, flavorful and aromatic. In addition to fresh food, can be processed into dried fruit, dried fruit, jam, juice, sugar canned or frozen peach slices. Can also be used as medicine