Black rice, also known as black Gong Mi, was discovered by Zhang Qian, a pioneer of the Silk Road in the Western Han Dynasty, and dedicated to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. After eating it, Hanwang praised it as "the magic rice", which was enjoyed by emperors of all dynasties, so it was famous for its black Gong Mi. The nutritional value and medicinal value of black rice are relatively high. Compendium of Materia Medica records the effects of nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, strengthening spleen and warming liver, improving eyesight and promoting blood circulation.
Nutrition and health care function of black rice
Black rice is regarded as a treasure in rice and one of the internationally popular "healthy foods" in recent years. Compared with ordinary rice, black rice is not only rich in protein and complete in essential amino acids, but also contains a lot of natural black rice pigments, various trace elements and vitamins, especially iron, selenium, zinc, vitamin B 1 and vitamin B2. In China, black rice is usually called "medicinal rice" and "family rice", which is used as a tonic for pregnant women and patients with physical weakness, and also to improve pregnant women and women. It is recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica and Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica that black rice has the effects of nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, invigorating spleen and appetizing, invigorating middle energizer and invigorating qi, and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.
The dietary fiber content in black rice is very rich. Dietary fiber can reduce the content of cholesterol in blood and help prevent heart disease caused by coronary atherosclerosis.
Black rice is rich in fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin positive. Modern medical research shows that vitamin is a strong antioxidant, which can resist the generation of strong oxidative carcinogens, promote human energy metabolism, promote blood circulation, improve metabolism, prevent arteriosclerosis, prevent cholesterol deposition and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
Black rice is also rich in selenium, zinc, iron, copper and other essential trace elements. Studies have proved that selenium is an essential nutrient for human body and a strong antioxidant, which is similar to vitamin, but more effective. Selenium is a component of glutathione peroxidase, which can prevent the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, inhibit the production of harmful peroxides and free radicals, and protect cells from damage. The protective effects of zinc, iron and copper on blood vessels have also been confirmed by many data.
Black rice also contains water-soluble flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterols and other medicinal components. Flavonoids have a wide range of components, a wide variety and a large number. Different components may have different physiological activities. The total flavonoids in black rice skin are mainly composed of melanin. According to medical data, the main physiological functions of flavonoids are to maintain the normal osmotic pressure of blood vessels, reduce the fragility of blood vessels, prevent the rupture of blood vessels, stop bleeding, and have good antioxidant properties and the ability to scavenge free radicals.
Black rice is a kind of rice with both medicine and food, and its quality is good. Planting has a long history, and it is produced in many places in China. Representative ones are Shaanxi black rice, Guizhou black glutinous rice and Hunan black rice. There are two kinds of grain types: indica rice and japonica rice, and the grain quality is divided into waxy and non-waxy. Brown rice is black or dark brown. The main nutrients (brown rice), based on dry matter, contain crude protein 8.5- 12.5%, crude fat 2.7-3.8%, carbohydrate 75-84% and crude ash 1.7-2%. The contents of vitamins, trace elements and amino acids are higher than those of ordinary rice. High edible value, besides cooking porridge, it can also be used to make various nutritious foods and make wine. Modern medicine has proved that black rice has the effects of nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, strengthening spleen and warming liver, improving eyesight and promoting blood circulation. Most of the nutrients contained are concentrated in the black cortex, which is not suitable for finishing. It is best to eat brown rice or standard third-class rice. When cooking porridge, soak black rice in clear water for one night in summer and two nights in winter, with less elutriation times. Soaked water should be cooked with rice to preserve nutrients. Blood glutinous rice is a kind of rice with purple seed coat, which is called blood glutinous rice because of its waxy quality. After the natural blood glutinous rice is soaked in warm water, because the red pigment in the seed coat is slowly dissolved by the aqueous solution, a purple-red aqueous solution will gradually appear, and the red color will become thicker and thicker as time goes by. After cooking, the red seed coat will be separated from the embryo (rice grain). Fake blood glutinous rice is made of inferior rice and dyed with purple pigment. The most obvious difference is that after soaking in water, the water quality turns red faster than the genuine blood glutinous rice. After washing several times, the original shape of white rice will be revealed, and the red seed coat will not appear after cooking.
Efficacy of blood glutinous rice: It has the efficacy of nourishing liver, caring skin and moistening skin, and is suitable for people with malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia, pale face, dry skin and thin body. Young women may wish to eat some blood glutinous rice properly to play the role of beauty and skin care.
According to the health care theory of traditional Chinese medicine, five colors enter the five internal organs, that is, foods with different colors have different health care effects. Generally speaking, black enters the kidney, yellow enters the spleen, white enters the lungs, cyan enters the liver and red enters the heart.
Red blood glutinous rice enters the heart meridian. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, the heart governs blood, which means its efficacy is related to nourishing qi and blood. Taking blood glutinous rice is helpful to treat menorrhagia and has astringent effect.
It should be noted that blood glutinous rice is easy to produce phlegm because of its high viscosity, so people with fever, cough, yellow and thick phlegm and poor gastrointestinal function should not eat more, each has his own needs, and he can't say which is higher.