For the city where we have lived for a long time, we are dealing with it sooner or later, so we know it best and are familiar with it. We can basically tell its street direction and the location of shopping centers. However, we don't necessarily know its past, its history, how many doors it has, how many pavilions it has, and what passes are around it. Although some names are still in use today, most of them exist in name only. If there is any "reality", they are just ruins, destroyed buildings and old stones.

One of them, "Guiyang", was thought to have originated from the Guiyang House built by Qin Long in the third year of the Ming Dynasty (1569). However, according to the historical data, there was a name of Guiyang long before Guiyang House. The word "Guiyang" was mentioned twice in Ming Hongzhi's New Compilation of Guizhou Local Records, and "Eight Scenes of Guiyang" was recorded. Why is it called Guiyang? There is a saying that Guiyang is the sun of your mountain, and there is also a saying that Guiyang is another name for Guizhou. As for which is more scientific, more accurate and more in line with history, this question remains to be verified.

In the old city, due to the need of defense, the city wall was built. Where there are walls, there are doors, and where there are doors, there are buildings. Cities are places where government offices and residents live, so there are government offices, private houses and pavilions. The pavilion is a small overhead building with partitions or railings around it, which is used for overlooking, entertaining, collecting books and worshiping Buddha. The city has checkpoints on the post roads leading to all directions, which are used to prevent the enemy from invading, control people's exchanges and check in and out goods. In the old city of Guiyang, there was a saying of "nine gates, four halls and fourteen passes".

Due to the long history, the exact construction age of Guiyang city wall cannot be verified due to insufficient data. The earliest record of Guiyang City can be found in the Eight Ambassadors of Xuanwei in Shunyuan written by Nianshi (134 1368). "When our army arrived here, all ministries knew that they had defected, and only then did they set up a Marshal's House, changed Guizhou to Shunyuan and settled in the city. Although the article mentions "city", it is too rough to imagine. Guo Ming Zhangzi's Qian Ji said: "At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the capital of Guizhou was established because of the narrow space and low walls of the old city in the Yuan Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, "The Records of Guiyang Prefecture" contained "Guiyang Prefecture, that is, Yuan Shun Cheng Yuan also." Shunyuan once set up a Tucheng, which is the same as today's east, south and west. There is only the bell and drum tower in the north. "It can be seen that Guiyang had a city in the Yuan Dynasty, but it was just a tucheng.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Guiyang City was expanded twice. With the passage of history, the administrative agencies of the Ming Dynasty in Guizhou were renamed several times, and the population increased year by year. Of course, the original city was crowded and not enough. Therefore, in the fifteenth year of Hongwu (1382), on the basis of Yuancheng, Zhenyuan Hou Gucheng and Du Zaijun directed Ma Jin to carry out the first expansion. Stone is stone, and there are five doors: East Gate Vu Thang, South Gate Jinghua, South Gate Dehua, North Gate Rouyuan and West Gate Shengquan. According to the records of Guiyang City in Guizhou Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, except that Ma expanded the north gate from the bell tower to a fountain, the name of Guiyang City also changed, but its pattern was basically the same as that of Ming Dynasty. In this expansion, the earth wall was changed into a stone wall, which is bigger and more complete than before, commonly known as Guiyang Old Town or Old Town.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, there was an uprising in Yang Yinglong, Bozhou, which repeatedly threatened to cross the Wujiang River, reaching Guiyang. At the beginning of the apocalypse, there was a luxury (luxury Chongming) An (Anbang Yan) incident in Guizhou, and Guiyang City was trapped for more than ten months. The food supply in the city was cut off and countless residents starved to death. Therefore, the central government of the Ming Dynasty decided to build the outer city of Guiyang. In the sixth year of the Apocalypse (1626), Governor Zhang and Governor Wang Xuan of Guizhou built an outer city more than 600 feet outside the north gate and set up four gates: Wei Qing, Liu Guang, Hongbian and Xiaodong. So far, after many repairs and two large-scale expansions, the walls of Guiyang have all been built. Includes an inner city (old city) and an outer city (new city), which are connected by a north gate. There are nine gates, namely, the old east gate, the south gate, the sub-south gate, the big west gate, the north gate, the Wei Qing gate, the Liuguang gate, the red side gate and the new east gate. Its shape is long from north to south and narrow from east to west. Its scope includes the area within Guiyang Ring Road today.

Old East Gate: Vu Thang Gate in Ming Dynasty and Zhao Wenmen in Qing Dynasty. In today's Wenchang Lane, Wenchang Pavilion was built on the Moon City in the old East Gate. There is still an ancient city wall 20 feet high. The city gate was destroyed and repaired a few years ago. There is a connection at the gate of the city: "The building is located in the ancestral seat of Toad Guang, and the mountain and dragon go far through the city together."

South Gate: It was called Chaojing Gate in Ming Dynasty and Yingen Gate in Qing Dynasty. This is the only place where Huishui, Changshun and Luodian in southern Guizhou lead to the ancient post road. Today, at the South Gate Nanming Bridge North Turntable, I didn't see my hometown. A few years ago, it was converted into a garden in the center of Da 'nan Street, where orchids were carved.

Sub-South Gate: Dehua Gate in Ming Dynasty and Guangji Gate in Qing Dynasty. The gate is at the western end of Dusi Road. Huilong Temple and Guandi Temple were built on the original ancient city wall. After liberation, the temple was rebuilt, and the walls were overgrown with weeds and desolate. Because it lives in the west of the south, it is called the second south. There is a link in the second south gate: "The two peaks confront the green, and the two rivers communicate with the green around the city".

Daximen: It was called Shengquanmen in Ming Dynasty and Zhenwumen in Qing Dynasty. At the intersection of today's Jiaotong Street and Ruijin Middle Road. In the past, there were mostly vegetable fields outside the city gate and only a few families in the west of the city. The river banks are all rice fields, and the gates are not very lively, but the Guiyue Temple, Huajia Songshan Mountain and later Mother's Garden in the west of the city all pass through here. There is a couplet: "Listen to the sound of the river washing horses, but look at the distant mountains and want to fight with lions."

North Gate: It was called Rouyuanmen in Ming Dynasty and Wudemen in Ming Dynasty. In today's fountain, it is the dividing line between the old city and the new city, and it is also the channel connecting the old city and the new city. From 65438 to 0927, Zhou Xicheng was in charge of Guizhou, building roads, demolishing city gates and connecting the north and the south. From 65438 to 0929, Mao Guangxiang built a bronze statue of Zhou Xicheng, commonly known as the "bronze platform", which was converted into a street garden after liberation, and now it has become a celebration place for festivals of all ethnic groups. A couplet says, "Celebrate ten miles in the city, and cover thousands of cities outside the city."

Wei Qing Gate: commonly known as Weiximen, located on Wei Qing Road at the upper end of Qianling West Road. Therefore, this gate can lead to Tongwei Wei Qing (now Qingzhen County). Qingzhen was named after Wei Weiqing and Zhen Xiwei. A couplet said: "Bees compete for position in the shape of lions, and mountains run through Long Mai." .

Liuguangmen: the intersection of Zhonghua North Road and Egret Lane. This road was the main road from Guiyang to the west in the Ming Dynasty, from which you can go to Liuguanghe in Longchang (at this time), hence the name Chengmen.

Red Side Gate: Also known as Red Side Gate, it is located at the intersection of Putuo Road and Tofu Lane, so the gate can go straight to the Twelve Wharf (now Kaiyang) on the red side, hence the name. The city gate is United as follows: "The party is close to Lingtian, and the deer is high in Yunshan."

Xiaodongmen: Also known as Xindongmen, it is named after the East Gate located at the intersection of Qianling East Road and Yu Jiaxiang. There is a connection at the gate of the city: "The valley sows Chen Yuan, the farmers wait for the rain, and the flowers explore the third daughter like clouds." Write about the pastoral scenery of the city gate.

Among the "four pavilions" in Guiyang, only the Mao Wen Pavilion exists. The other Imperial Classrooms, Lingguan Pavilion and Huangyu Pavilion have all disappeared, but not many people know where their sites are today, even if they are "Old Guiyang".

Wenchang Pavilion: There used to be two Wenchang pavilions in Guiyang. A bridge that was originally built in the city no longer exists and has long been forgotten. The other is Wenchang Pavilion, which still exists today and was built on the old East Gate Moon City. It was founded in the thirty-seventh year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1609). Taking the name of Wenchang symbolizes the prosperity of culture and talents. The pavilion is a wooden attic with three floors, three eaves, unequal sides and nine horns pyramid roof, with unique style and standing tall. Standing on the gazebo, you can see half of Guiyang city.

Huang Jingge: In today's Fushenglu Primary School, it looks like a royal sutra depository. Before liberation, this place was Zhidao Primary School, where there were traces of ancient buildings. After many renovations and reconstructions, it has completely disappeared.

Lingguan Pavilion: Located in Jianguo Lane, Putuo Road, it was built during the reign of Qing Qianlong. It used to be a big buddhist nun with two courtyards and four courtyards. The demolition time is unknown, and the narrowest building is now built on the foundation.

Yuhuangge: On Ji Cheng Road, it is now the school site of Ji Cheng Road Primary School. Yuhuangge should be a place to cultivate one's self-cultivation and self-cultivation. All the original ancient buildings were demolished on 1958 and the classrooms were rebuilt.

Most of the "passes" outside Guiyang are built at the throat of mountain roads, mostly on ancient traffic arteries, with arches and corresponding houses guarded by soldiers, which are responsible for the important defensive tasks of entering the city. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Guiyang also set up the North-South Customs as a place to collect miscellaneous taxes, which was different from the old customs. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were generally fourteen passes outside Guiyang.

Newly-added customs: The Ming Dynasty's "New Records of Guizhou Pictures" said: "Newly-added customs are located in the southeast of Zhicheng, and Guizhou stands under it." Xintianguan was named after the gateway to Xintianwei (now Guiding County), and Guizhou stood in today's Youzha Street. Accordingly, Xintianguan should be near today's Youzha Street, because there is no footprint to be found, and its location remains to be verified.

Tuyunguan: It was called Youzuoguan and Tuningguan in ancient times. The Official History of Guiyang said: "Tuyunguan, formerly known as Youzuoguan, is in the south of the city." In the forty years of Kangxi, Tu Ning was changed, and in the first year of Daoguang, Tu Yun was changed. Youzhaguan, formerly known as Guiyang Station, is located in the forest park at the eastern end of Youzha Street. There is a Tuyun Bridge nearby, and several stone carvings left on the stone wall make the pass still have ancient charm.

Crow Pass: The common name is Xiaoguan. In the Ming Dynasty, "New Records of Guizhou Tujing" said: "The cock crows off, ruling the north of the city for three miles, surrounded by mountains, and this is the only way to keep it." This used to be the only place where Guiyang passed through Sichuan. There is an ancient arch, next to which there are shops for customers to stay and eat. Before the completion of this expressway, it was the northern gateway of Guiyang. The word "north gate lock key" is embedded in the arch forehead.

Phoenix Pass: commonly known as Grand View. "Official History of Guiyang" said: "Phoenix Pass, ten miles north of the city, was originally named Dapeng Pass." It used to be a postal route from Guiyang to Sichuan, but later the expressway did not pass here, so it was left out in the cold. Now it is Daguan Village, Wild Duck Township, Wudang District, Guiyang City.

Cai Jiaguan: Ai Qing will answer Qian Zhilue: "Cai Jiaguan is located in the northwest of Zhicheng, also known as Xiangshuiguan." Caijiaguan is located in the west of Guiyang, and Guizhou Institute of Technology was built in 1958. Now it is a campus of Guizhou University, where Huang Gui Highway passes.

Strike the Iron Pass: "Guiyang County Records" says: "Strike the Iron Pass, and strike the Iron Village in Bai Na, Fu Nan, the vice governor. It is six miles from the government and there is a pond. " It can be inferred that Datieguan is located in Datiezhai, Tao Qian Township, Huaxi District, with Tao Qian in the east and Qingyan in the west, and the highway from Qingyan to Tao Qian passes through here.

Baishaguan: "Guiyang Fuzhi" said: "Baishaguan is located in Liujiazhuang, Maixi, 28 miles west of the government. Xida Qingzhen, Dongtong miscellaneous work. " Baishaguan is located on the main road leading to Xiuwen in ancient Guiyang, and now it is under the jurisdiction of Yanshan Red Lane in Baiyun District.

Patek Pass: Guiyang Official Records says: "Patek Pass is in muddy water. Enter the city for seventeen miles and climb into the clouds. " Baideguan is located in the west of Guiyang, with Yangguan Farm in the north and Wild Duck Pond in the south, belonging to Hunshuitun Village in Wild Duck Township.

Liuhongguan: It is recorded in Guiyang Records that Liuhongguan is located five miles east of the city, and your highway passes under it. Liuhongguan, formerly known as Lutuanguan, is in the north of this tea shop and belongs to Qianling Township, Yunyan District. It is famous for its Catholic monastery built with children's literature, which was later converted into a mental hospital, flanked by Guizhou Botanical Garden.

Tangbaguan: The draft of Guiyang Chronicle has not been completed. It reads: "Tangba is closed three miles east of the city, which is the road to old Ping Huang." Tangbaguan is located in the southeast of Guiyang City today, belonging to Yun Guan Township, Nanming District, with Youzha Street in the south and Maoshajing in the east. It is the east exit of Guiyang, and the airport section of Guixin Highway passes through here. Every day, the traffic is like a tide, which is very lively.

Land Pass: The common name is Dadiguan, that is, Tieling mentioned in Hongzhi's New Atlas of Guizhou. In the past, it was the main road connecting Guiyang, the provincial capital, with Cao Si in the middle. It is in the southeast of Guiyang and now belongs to Houchao Township, Nanming District.

Xiaotudiguan: Located one mile south of Tuiguan, it used to be the only place where Tongzhong, the provincial capital of Guiyang, met the company, but now it belongs to Houchao Township, Nanming District.

Beiguan: In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, Beiguan was set up on Puding Road (now the Christian Church of Qianling West Road in Yunyan District) as a place to collect miscellaneous taxes.

Nanguan: In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, Nanguan was located in Taiping Road (now Nanming Hospital of Xinhua Road in Nanming District), and it was also a place where miscellaneous taxes were levied.

Some of the nine gates, four halls and fourteen gates in old Guiyang are well protected, and the remains can still be found, still with the style of the year. However, due to historical changes, the passage of time has disappeared. But until now, the name of the past is still in use. These names may be just symbols, and people generally don't study its history and content. Only those who are nostalgic and explore the past will care about its past, present and future.