Thinking: During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, sugar cane flourished and the world was peaceful. How did the prosperity of Kaiyuan come about? What was the prosperity of society at that time? The word 12 has no grass. Kaiyuan Prosperity: Kaiyuan was a prosperous time in the early reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (Li Longji). In the early days of governing the country, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty took Kaiyuan as the national title. At that time, Xuanzong made great efforts to govern, appointed talents, developed economy and advocated culture and education, making the world the most powerful country at that time. Historically, it has been called "Kaiyuan Shi Sheng" for 29 years. [Edit this paragraph] After the sage Xuanzong acceded to the throne, Yao Chong and Song Jing were used as the phase first, and then Zhang, Li, Du Luo, Han Xiu and Zhang Jiuling were used as the phase. They have their own strengths, are loyal to their duties, and make national affairs full of vitality. In addition, Xuanzong was open to those who could assist him at this time, so the politics was clear and stable. [Edit this paragraph] The reform of official administration Xuanzong adopted Zhang Jiuling's suggestion and formulated the system of adjusting officials. Select capable people from Beijing officials and transfer them to the governor's secretariat to train their processing skills and cultivate administrative experience. At the same time, he also selected those who made a difference in the governor's secretariat and promoted them to Beijing officials. This internal and external intermodulation has enhanced the communication, understanding and trust between the central and local governments. Xuanzong also divided the whole country into fifteen provinces, and set up interview ambassadors in each province to supervise local county officials and inspect their political achievements. In selecting talents, Xuanzong also reformed the imperial examination system, limiting the number and number of Jinshi subjects, so as to reduce the appearance of redundant officials and improve the overall quality of officials. [Edit this paragraph] Xuanzong was very frugal in developing the economy during this period. It was stipulated that ministers below the third grade and those below the imperial concubine were not allowed to wear gold and jade ornaments, and maids were also fired to save money. He also ordered all parts of the country not to mine pearls and jade, and created splendid scenery, which changed the extravagant style of the harem since Wu Zetian. He also ordered Yuwen Rong to inspect the escaped registered permanent residence and overseas fields, and found more than 800,000 households, which greatly increased the tax revenue and military sources of the Tang Dynasty. As a result of these measures, the finance of the Tang Dynasty became abundant, and the granaries of the whole country were full, which made the prices very cheap. Specific: Agriculture: ① Construction of large-scale water conservancy projects. ② Improvement of farming techniques: extensive transplanting. ③ Development of tea production: The world's first tea monograph, Tea Classic, appeared in the Tang Dynasty, and its author Lu Yu was called "Cha Sheng" by later generations. Tea drinking began in Sheng Xing in the Tang Dynasty. ④ Improvement of production tools: A new agricultural tool, the curved plow, appeared; Create a new irrigation tool-pipe truck. Handicraft industry: ① Silk weaving industry: there are many varieties of colors and exquisite craftsmanship. (2) Ceramic industry: Yue kiln celadon, Xing kiln white porcelain and Tang tricolor. Business prosperity: ① Famous metropolises: Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou and Chengdu. ② Chang 'an City: The city is divided into Fang and Shi, Fang is a residential area and Shi is a prosperous commercial area. Chang 'an, Tang Dou is the center of ethnic exchanges and an international metropolis. [Edit this paragraph] Advocate culture and education. During the Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty, poetry and songs became the main content of scholars. In order to compile talents, the county magistrate who joined the official department was personally assessed in the court examination. Not only that, he was very generous to Confucian scholars, ordered his ministers to visit the suicide notes of past dynasties, and found nearly 50 thousand books, which led to the peak of cultural undertakings in the Tang Dynasty. Literature: The Tang Dynasty was the golden age of China's poetry creation. More than 2,000 poets wrote nearly 50,000 poems. Representative poets: ① Li Bai (in the prosperous Tang Dynasty)-Poet Fairy (in the early stage, difficult to get through the road); (2) Du Fu (flourishing and declining)-Poet Saint and Poet History (three officials and three divisions); (3) Bai Juyi (Middle Tang Dynasty) —— Qin Zhongyin and New Yuefu. Calligraphy: Yan Gu 1, Yan Zhenqing: He created a vigorous and honest style of new books, called Yan Ti. He is the most accomplished calligrapher in the history of calligraphy in China after Wang Xizhi, represented by Yan Family Temple Monument and Duobaota Monument. Yan Zhenqing. 2. Liu Gongquan: Learn from others, be brave in innovation, and become the "Liu Ti" with beautiful words and strong bones. Represented by "Mystery Tower Monument". Painting 1, (Tang Dynasty) Yan: Good at figure painting, represented by Kings of Past Dynasties and Walking Map. 2. (Tang Dynasty) Wu Daozi: "Painting a Sage", which created the precedent of freehand brushwork in later generations, is his masterpiece "The King of Heaven sends a picture". Representative of the art treasure house: Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province (most of them were excavated during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with murals and colorful statues, which can be called one of the largest art treasures in the world) [Editor's note] Xuanzong, a foreign army, adopted Zhang's suggestion and implemented a recruitment system to replace the increasingly abandoned government soldier system. In 722 AD, he personally selected 6.5438+200,000 government soldiers and able-bodied men as the guards of the capital, and called them "riding horses". He also set up ten military towns in the border areas to control our time as a measure to rule the aliens and consolidate the border defense. [Edit this paragraph] In diplomacy, at the beginning of the 7th century, the outstanding Tubo (now Tibet) Zampa Songtsanggambo unified the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. He admired the Central Plains civilization and proposed to Tang many times. Emperor Taizong married Princess Wencheng to him. After Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, she brought many advanced technologies and enhanced the friendly relations between China and Tibet. At the beginning of the 8th century, the Tang Dynasty married Princess Jincheng to Tubo Zambo Kridê Zukzain. At this point, Tubo and the Tang Dynasty have become "harmony as one family". 2. Uighurs are the ancestors of today's Uighurs. In the middle of the 8th century, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty named the Uighur leader Guli Pelo as Huairen Khan. Later, Uighur was renamed "Uighur". 3. At the end of the 7th century, da Rong Ruo, the leader of Mohe Department at the end of Su Dynasty, unified the surrounding ministries and established political power. At the beginning of the 8th century AD, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made Dazuo Rong the king of the county of Bohai Sea, and awarded him the governor of Bohai Sea. From then on, the post-Su Zhengquan took "Bohai Sea" as its national title. Xiaomi is called "Haidong Guo Sheng". The institutions that managed the northeast frontier in Tang Dynasty were Bohai Governor's Office and Heishui Governor's Office. The residents surnamed Zhao are the ancestors of Yi and Bai people today. Piluoge, the leader of Nanzhao, unified the imperial edicts of the six countries, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made him king of Yunnan. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, China and Japan had close contacts. During the Zhenguan period, many Japanese envoys, overseas students and monks came to study in the Tang Dynasty. After the envoys to the Tang Dynasty returned to China, they were highly valued. Taking the system of the Tang Dynasty as a model, they carried out political reforms and created Japanese characters with reference to Chinese characters. So far, they have retained some customs of the people of the Tang Dynasty in their social life. Among the envoys and monks who went to Japan in the Tang Dynasty, Jian Zhen was the most influential. He traveled to Japan six times and spread the culture of the Tang Dynasty in Japan. The relationship between Tang and Silla is 1. Ways: ① sending envoys and a large number of international students to study in Tang Dynasty; Silla merchants came to China to do business, and Silla products ranked first in the imports of Tang Dynasty. 2. The performance is as follows: imitating the Tang system to establish a political system, adopting the imperial examination system to select officials, and introducing China's scientific and technological achievements in medicine, astronomy and calendar calculation. The relationship between the Tang Dynasty and Tianzhu —— When Xuanzang traveled west to the Tang Dynasty, China had frequent contacts with Tianzhu, and the most outstanding messenger was Xuanzang, a monk. In the early years of Zhenguan, he set off from Chang 'an and went to Tianzhu. After returning to China, he devoted himself to the translation of Buddhist scriptures and wrote the famous "Datang Western Regions". This book is an important classic for studying the history and Buddhism of Central Asia, Indian Peninsula and Xinjiang. Thinking: according to what you have learned and combined with the contents of the textbook, talk about the characteristics of foreign exchanges in the Tang Dynasty? What are the factors that make foreign exchanges active in the Tang Dynasty? Today, China is in a period of reform and opening up and rapid economic development. What does the foreign exchange in Tang Dynasty give us? Features: ① Active foreign contacts, and contacts with some countries in Asia, Africa and Europe. (2) The Tang government encouraged businessmen from all over the world to trade in China and allowed them to live in China for a long time. Chang 'an, Luoyang, Guangzhou, Yangzhou and other places have frequent foreign trade activities. (4) The Tang Dynasty enjoyed a high reputation in the world, and all countries called China "a man of the Tang Dynasty". Factors: ① national stability and unity; (2) economic and cultural prosperity; ③ Opening-up policy; (4) Foreign traffic is developed. Enlightenment: First, we must have a stable political situation and adhere to the policy of opening to the outside world. The second is to improve their own quality and strive to develop economy and culture. Third, learn from the broad mind of the Tang Dynasty, while spreading advanced culture, we should be good at absorbing its essence for our use.