1. A brief introduction to the history of Xi'an
Xi'an was called "Fenghao" in the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Fenghao" is the collective name of Fengjing and Haojing built by King Wen of Zhou and King Wu of Zhou respectively. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang established his capital in Guanzhong and named it "Chang'an" after taking the meaning of the local Chang'an township, which means "long-lasting peace and stability".
After the opening of the Silk Road, Chang'an became the center of Eastern civilization. Historically, it is known as "Rome in the west and Chang'an in the east." During the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty Yang Jian was named "Duke of Daxing" by Emperor Ming of Zhou Dynasty, so he named the new capital "Daxing City". Chang'an was also called "Daxing" during the Sui Dynasty. city". During the Tang Dynasty, the name Chang'an was restored. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was renamed "Fengyuan City".
In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1369), Ming Dynasty changed Fengyuan Road to Xi'an Prefecture, meaning "stability in the northwest". This is where the name Xi'an comes from.
Extended information
Xi'an is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation. Chang'an has been the capital many times, and 13 dynasties including Western Zhou, Qin, Western Han, Xinmang, Eastern Han, Western Jin, Former Zhao, Former Qin, Later Qin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang established their capitals here. Fenghao Capital, Qin Afang Palace, Terracotta Warriors and Horses, Han Dynasty Weiyang Palace, Changle Palace, Sui Dynasty Daxing City, Tang Dynasty Daming Palace, Xingqing Palace, etc. outline the "Chang'an Complex".
Xi'an is the best tourist destination in China and one of the cities with the best international image in China. Two and six heritage sites are included in the "World Heritage List", namely: The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the Small Wild Goose Pagoda, the ruins of the Daming Palace in Chang'an City of the Tang Dynasty, the Weiyang Palace ruins of Chang'an City in the Han Dynasty, and the Xingjiao Temple and Tower.
There are also Xi'an City Wall, Bell and Drum Tower, Huaqing Pool, Zhongnan Mountain, Tang Furong Garden, Shaanxi History Museum, Forest of Steles and other attractions. Xi'an has 7 "double first-class" universities including Xi'an Jiaotong University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, and Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology.
The geological structure of Xi'an City spans two major units: the Qinling Geosyncline Fold Belt and the North China Platform. The Great Fault across the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains was created during the Yanshan Movement about 130 million years ago. Since the late Tertiary Period about 3 million years ago, the neotectonic movement of the Qinling Geosynclinal Fold Belt south of the Great Fault has been extremely active. The mountain rises sharply from the north to the south, creating the Qinling Mountains.
At the same time, the Weihe River Fault Depression, which belongs to the North China Platform to the north of the great fault, continues to subside, forming the Weihe River Plain under the combined action of wind-laden loess cover and Weihe River alluvial action.
Xi'an is a western city that lacks water resources. Xi'an's groundwater reserves are estimated to total about 1.991 billion cubic meters. In December 2001, the main project of the Heihe Water Conservancy Project was completed, supplying 400 million cubic meters of water to Xi'an every year, forming a daily water supply capacity of 1.2 million tons. Together with groundwater resources, the daily water supply capacity of the urban area can reach 1.72 million tons, basically meeting the needs of urban production and life. Use water.
Xi'an is one of the first batch of outstanding tourist cities in China. Its cultural relics are characterized by high resource density, good preservation and high level. Among the 155 basic types in the China Tourism Resource Census, Xi'an's tourism resources account for 89.
There are 72 imperial tombs around Xi'an, including the tomb of Qin Shihuang, the "one emperor through the ages", the ruins of the four major capitals of Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang, 11 tombs of emperors of the Western Han Dynasty and 18 tombs of emperors of the Tang Dynasty, large and small There are more than 700 ancient buildings such as Wild Goose Pagoda, Bell and Drum Tower, and ancient city walls.
Sogou Encyclopedia - Xi'an 2. History and culture of Xi'an
Xi'an, a world-famous historical city and the spiritual hometown of China.
Xi'an was called "Chang'an" and "Jingzhao" in ancient times. It is world-famous as one of the four ancient capitals in the world. It has been the capital for the longest time, the most dynasties, and the most influential capital in Chinese history. It is the cradle of the Chinese nation, the birthplace of Chinese civilization, and the representative of Chinese culture. It has a "natural "Historical Museum".
Xi'an, known as the "Golden City Thousand Miles and the Land of Abundance" in "Historical Records", is the birthplace of the Chinese nation. It was built by King Wen of Zhou Dynasty in the 12th century BC. It has had 21 dynasties and The political capital was established here and it was the ancient capital of 13 dynasties. The four most prosperous dynasties in Chinese history, Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang, all had their capitals in Xi'an. The discovery of the Yangguanzhai ruins in Gaoling, Xi'an has advanced the history of Chinese cities to the late Neolithic Age 6,000 years ago, and also confirmed that Xi'an was the first city in world history.
Ethnicity: Han people account for 98.8% of the total population. Xi'an has 50 of China's 56 ethnic groups, with *** the largest population. Landmark buildings: Big Wild Goose Pagoda, Bell Tower, Drum Tower, Ming City Wall , Daming Palace, Tang Furong Garden, Small Wild Goose Pagoda, etc. Xi'an is a world-famous historical and cultural city with a long history. Xi'an is world-famous as one of the four ancient civilizations in the world, ranking first among the ancient capitals in China. It is the capital with the longest history, the most dynasties, and the greatest influence in Chinese history. It is the cradle of the Chinese nation and the birthplace of Chinese civilization. , representative of Chinese culture.
In ancient times, the "Lantian ape man" thrived here; the Neolithic "Banpo Ancestors" established tribes here. In the 11th century BC, King Wen of Zhou established Fenghao Erjing on both sides of the Feng River. It reveals the glorious history of Xi'an as an imperial capital for thousands of years. It has a history of more than 3,100 years of city construction and more than 1,200 years of capital construction. 13 dynasties, including Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang, have established their capitals here. It is the "Emperor State in the Middle of Qin since Ancient Times" reputation.
Xi'an was once China's political, economic and cultural center and the first city to open to the outside world. The famous Silk Road started from Xi'an; the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum, one of the "Eight Wonders of the World", demonstrate the city's powerful and profound historical and cultural heritage. .
Xi'an enjoys the reputation of "Natural History Museum" due to its long historical and cultural accumulation. The variety, quantity and value of cultural relics and monuments are second to none in the country, and many are rare treasures that are only available in China and rare in the world.
The names of "Xi'an City" in the past dynasties: Fengjing (Zhou) - Haojing (Zhou) - Xianyang (Qin) - Chang'an (Han) - Chang'an (Xin) - Chang'an (Southern and Northern Dynasties) - Daxing (Sui) - Chang'an (Tang) - Chang'an (Latter Liang) - Chang'an (Later Tang) - Chang'an (Song: note "Yongxing") - Chang'an (Yuan) - Chang'an (Ming) - Chang'an (Qing) - Chang'an (Republic of China) - Xijing ( Republic of China) - Xi'an City (Republic of China) "Xi'an": Zongzhou (Zhou) - Neishi (Qin) - Jingzhao (Han) - Jingzhao (New) - Jingzhao (Southern and Northern Dynasties) - Jingzhao Zhao (Sui) - Jingzhao (Tang) - Da'an (Latter Liang) - Jingzhao (Later Tang) - Jingzhao (Song) - Fengyuan (Yuan) - Xi'an (Ming) - Xi'an (Republic of China) - Xi'an (People's Republic of China* **The name Xi'an comes from about the 11th century BC to the end of the 9th AD. Xi'an has been the political, economic and cultural center of ancient China for a long time, and has always been the local administrative agency - state, county, prefecture, road. , the province and the administrative seat of Chang'an and Xianning counties. In most dynasties, Xi'an was organized at the county and prefectural levels.
In 1928, Xi'an was first established as a city. In 1948, it was changed from a provincial city to a city under the Executive Yuan of the People's Republic of China. In 1981, UNESCO designated Xi'an as a world historic city.
The ancient name of Chang'an was abolished. In the 5th year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC), Chang'an County was established. A new city was built in the territory of Chang'an County and named "Chang'an City". In the early years of the Republic of China, Chang'an belonged to Guanzhong Road and returned to the province. *** Direct jurisdiction. In 1928, the Republic of China decided to establish Xi'an City, dividing the city and four passes of Chang'an County into Xi'an City. In November 1930, Xi'an City *** was revoked, and the original Chang'an City area was still under the jurisdiction of Chang'an. , Chang'an County Chengguan District was established to manage Xi'an Chengguan administration. In 1942, the Xi'an Municipal Government Office was re-established, and Xi'an City was re-established the following year, and 230 square kilometers of the "Chang'an City" city gate and urban and rural areas were once again allocated to Xi'an City.
Since then, the ancient name of "Chang'an" has come to an end. 3. Introduction to the history of Xi'an
Xi'an was called Chang'an in ancient times; its previous names were: Daxing City, Jingzhao, Fengyuan, and Xijing.
It is the capital of Shaanxi Province of the People's Republic of China, one of the 15 sub-provincial cities in China, one of the 9 regional centers, and a world-famous historical and cultural city. Xi'an is the ancient capital with the longest history and the most dynasties since my country's written records. In particular, the four more glorious dynasties in Chinese history, Zhou, Qin, Han, and Tang, all had their capitals here, which represents the history and culture of our country. mainstream.
Da Xi'an has cultural sites such as Han Chang'an City, Yangling, and Maoling. The Han Dynasty opened up the "Silk Road", which brought China to the world and made the world know China.
The Han Dynasty inherited the Qin system and established the Western Han Dynasty in Chang'an that lasted for more than 200 years and the unprecedentedly powerful Western Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty established the dominant position of Confucian culture and formed the Chinese nation with Han as the main body and Chinese culture as the representative. Therefore, foreign countries call the study of Chinese culture Sinology.
Greater Xi'an has cultural sites such as the Imperial City of the Tang Dynasty, Daming Palace, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, Small Wild Goose Pagoda, Zhaoling Mausoleum, and Qianling Mausoleum. The Tang Dynasty was the pinnacle of Chinese feudal society and the culmination of Chinese traditional culture.
Tang Chang'an is the largest and most open city in Chinese history and a truly international metropolis. The Tang Dynasty lasted for nearly 300 years and integrated various cultures including Buddhist culture and Taoist culture. Traditional Chinese culture represented by Tang culture influenced the entire East and even the world.
Therefore, Greater Xi'an, which is based on the historical and cultural base of Chinese civilization, can be regarded as the unique spiritual home of the Chinese nation. Extended information Xi'an is an important birthplace of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation.
Chang'an has been an imperial capital since ancient times. Thirteen dynasties including Western Zhou, Qin, Western Han, Xinmang, Eastern Han, Western Jin, Former Zhao, Former Qin, Later Qin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang were established here. All. Fenghao Capital, Qin Afang Palace, Terracotta Warriors and Horses, Han Dynasty Weiyang Palace, Changle Palace, Sui Dynasty Daxing City, Tang Dynasty Daming Palace, Xingqing Palace, etc. outline the "Chang'an complex".
The geological structure of Xi'an City spans two major units: the Qinling Geosyncline Fold Belt and the North China Platform. The Great Fault across the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains was created during the Yanshan Movement about 130 million years ago. Since the late Tertiary Period about 3 million years ago, the neotectonic movement of the Qinling Geosynclinal Fold Belt south of the Great Fault has been extremely active. The mountain rises sharply from the north to the south, creating the Qinling Mountains.
At the same time, the Weihe River Fault Depression, which belongs to the North China Platform to the north of the great fault, continues to subside, forming the Weihe River Plain under the combined action of wind-laden loess cover and Weihe River alluvial action.
Reference: Xi'an - Baidu Encyclopedia.