The mushroom is mainly composed of two parts, the mycelium and the substrate, the mycelium is the nutritive organ and the substrate is the reproductive organ.
1. The cap is the most obvious part of the substrate, like a hat. Various shapes, generally common bell-shaped, hat-shaped, hemispherical, spreading shape, funnel-shaped. The part that supports the cap is called "stipe"; the stipe and the cap are collectively called "substrate";
2. The underground part of the mushroom is "mycelium", which absorbs water and organic matter. The mycelium absorbs water and organic matter. Mushroom belongs to saprophyte. Mature mushroom is white in color and looks like an open umbrella, which is called umbrella mushroom. The substrate consists of a cap and a stalk.
3. The cap is bulging and smooth with thick flesh. Turn the mushroom over so that the stipe is upward, you can see that underneath the cap there are many thin, purple-brown flakes arranged in a radial pattern, which are the gills.
4. The stalk is hard, inserted in the center under the cap, supporting the cap. The stalk is separated from the base of the gill. There is a ring of residual ring-like film on the stalk, called the fungus ring. Where the lower end of the stalk is broken, where the underground mycelium was attached, you can sometimes see the mycelium left over from picking.
Extended information
Nutritional value
Double spore mushroom flesh is fat, tender, nutritious, traditionally known as "plant meat". According to the analysis, every 100 grams of dried Agaricus bisporus contains 36.1-40 grams of protein, 3.6 grams of fat, 31.2 grams of carbohydrates, 718 milligrams of phosphorus, 188.5 milligrams of iron, 131 milligrams of calcium, 14.2 grams of ash, 6.0 grams of crude fiber, calories 302 kilocalories.
The Agaricus bisporus mushroom also contains 18 kinds of amino acids, eight of which are essential amino acids.
Modern medicine shows that Agaricus bisporus has a certain immune effect on viral diseases. The mushroom polysaccharides and heteroproteins it contains have certain anticancer activity and can inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors, and the inhibition rates of sarcoma S-180 and Ehrlich carcinoma in mice are 90% and 100% respectively.
The tyrosinase contained can dissolve certain cholesterol, lower blood pressure, is an antihypertensive agent, contains trypsin, maltase, deprionase helps the digestion of food. According to Chinese medicine, the fungus is sweet and flat in flavor, and has the effect of refreshing, eliminating food, and calming the liver and Yang.
Modern research has found that mushrooms contain a variety of antiviral components, some mushrooms can enhance the body's immune function, and even reduce the risk of rejection reactions in patients who have received organ transplants.
However, the mechanism is still unclear. Scientists hope to refine the active ingredients in mushrooms to treat virus-induced diseases such as chronic fatigue syndrome, hepatitis C and even AIDS.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Mushrooms