As follows:

Eclampsia is a convulsion that occurs on the basis of preeclampsia and cannot be explained by other reasons. It is one of the five conditions of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, and it can also be an urgent and serious complication of pre-eclampsia.

Eclampsia can occur at different times such as prenatal, intrapartum and postpartum, and atypical eclampsia can also occur before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Eclampsia is still a common disease that threatens the life of pregnant women all over the world. In developed countries, the average incidence of eclampsia is about 1/2000 deliveries. The mortality rate of eclampsia patients is about 65438 0%.

cause of a disease

It may involve many factors such as mother, placenta and fetus, including abnormal trophoblast invasion, abnormal immune regulation, endothelial cell damage, genetic factors and nutritional factors. But no single factor can explain all the causes and mechanisms of preeclampsia.

Abnormal trophoblast invasion

This may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. The trophoblast of the patient did not completely invade the spiral arteriole, and the spiral arteriole of myometrium of uterus was not recast. Abnormal narrow spiral artery reduces placental perfusion and hypoxia, which eventually leads to preeclampsia.

Abnormal immunomodulatory function

The lack or imbalance of maternal immune tolerance to placental and fetal antigens from the father is an important part of the etiology of preeclampsia.

Vascular endothelial injury

Oxidative stress, anti-angiogenesis and metabolic factors and other inflammatory mediators can cause vascular endothelial damage and lead to pre-eclampsia.

hereditary factor

Pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial and polygenic disease with familial genetic tendency: the incidence of pre-eclampsia among the daughters of pre-eclampsia mothers is 20-40%; The incidence of sister preeclampsia in preeclampsia patients is11-37%; The incidence of twin preeclampsia is 22-47%. But so far, its genetic model is not clear.

Important mechanisms related to preeclampsia include vasospasm, endothelial cell activation, increased pressor response, prostaglandin, nitric oxide, endothelin, angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic proteins.