Pear belongs to the Rosaceae (Rosaceae) pear genus (Pyrus. L) plants, *** there are more than 30 species, from cultivation is divided into two major groups of cultivated species, namely, the western pear and oriental pear. Western pear or European pear (european pear), also known as the Western pear, originated in the Mediterranean and the Caucasus, in addition to the main plant in Europe and North America, but also in South America, Africa and Australia, the main types of production and cultivation. Oriental pear, also known as Asian pear (asianpear), originated in our country, including sand pear, white pear, qiu zi pear, xinjiang pear, chuan pear and wild brown pear, du pi, bean pear and other primitive species, mainly cultivated in china, japan, south korea and other asian countries. Now our country production and cultivation related to the main species are introduced as follows:

1. Autumn pear

Tree, up to 10~15 m. Vigorous growth, strong branching force, the old branch gray-yellow or yellow-brown. Leaves more large, broadly ovoid or ovoid, base rounded or heart-shaped, leaf margin serrate awn-shaped straight out. Flower axis short. Fruits are mostly subglobose, dark green, with short fruit stalks, persistent calyx, edible after maturation, and strong cold resistance.

2. White pear

Tree, 8~13m high, shoots thicker, densely white velvet. The young leaves are purple-red, densely white velvet, large, ovoid, base widely rounded or widely cuneate or truncate, leaf margin serrations sharp and awned, inwardly closed, petiole long. Fruit obovate to oblong, pericarp yellow, petiole long, ovary 4~5 cells, most of the flesh is fine and crispy, sweet flavor. Most fine varieties belong to this species.

3. sand pear

Tree, 7~12m high. few branches, branches more upright, shoots, young leaves with gray-white velvet, biennial branches purple-brown or dark brown. Leaf blade is large, long ovoid, leaf margin serrations sharp and awned, slightly inwardly closed, leaf base round or nearly heart-shaped. Flowers generally larger. Fruit more orbicular, pericarp brown, hybrid varieties of sand pear have green skin, calyx off, ovary 5 room, meat crisp, sweet taste, slightly more stone cells.

4. Western pear

Tree, 6~8m high. branches more erect, branchlets glabrous and shiny. Leaves small, ovoid or elliptic, leathery spreading, entire or obtuse serrate, fruit stalk fine, slightly short. Fruit of cultivars mostly gourd-shaped, altar-shaped. Calyx persistent, most to be cooked edible, soft and mushy meat soluble, sweet flavor, can be processed, not resistant to storage.

5. juniper

Tree, more than 10 m high. branches often have thorns, shoots densely short white hairs, smooth leaf surface, abaxial surface more short hairs, leaf blade rhombic or ovoid, leaf edge has coarse serration. Flowers are small and late. Fruit spherical, 0.5~1.0cm in diameter, brown, calyx deciduous, ovary 2~3 cells. Drought-resistant, cold-resistant, flood-resistant, alkali-resistant, salt-resistant are stronger, widely distributed, more types, for China's universal application of the rootstock.

6. Xinjiang pear

Tree, for the western pear and white pear natural hybrids, high 6~9 m. Branchlets purple-brown, glabrous. Leaves ovoid or elliptic. Fruit ovoid to obovoid, fruit stalk apex hypertrophy, longer, calyx persistent, stone cells. Northwest of the existing banana pear, flower long handle pear, Keziji media, can Keji media and other cultivars and semi-cultivated cultivars such as sentence sentence pear.

7. hemp pear

Tree, 8 ~ 10 m. Shoots with brown hairy, biennial branches purple-brown. Leaves are ovoid to long ovoid, serrulate, inwardly closed. Fruit small, 1.5~2.2cm in diam., globose or obovate, dark brown in color, many persistent calyx, ovary 3~4 cells. Produced in central and northwestern provinces, commonly used as rootstock in northwest China.

8. wood pear

Tree, 8~10m high, shoots glabrous or sparse velvet. Leaves ovoid or oblong-ovoid, leaf base rounded, solid tree leaf margins more obtuse serration, leaf glabrous. Fruit diameter 1~1.5cm, small spherical or ellipsoid, brown. Resistant to red star disease, for the Northwest commonly used rootstocks.

9. Bean pear

Tree, 5~8m high. new shoots brown hairless. Leaves broad ovoid or ovoid, leaf margin fine obtuse serration, leaf spread that is glabrous. Fruit globose, about 1cm in diameter, dark brown, calyx deciduous, ovary 2~3 cells. For China's south-central universal rootstock, adapted to warm, humid, rainy, acidic soil areas.

10. brown pear

Tree, 5~8m high. shoots with white hairy, biennial branches brown. Fruit ellipsoid or spherical, brown, ovary 3~4 room, calyx off, fruit juice, meat, Beijing, northeast Hebei mountainous area used as rootstock. There are still some cultivars in the northwest and Hebei, with small fruits, high yield and wind resistance. Need to be cooked before eating, such as hanging egg pear, sugar pear, wheat pear and so on more than 20 varieties.

World pear cultivation related to the main species see table.

World pear cultivation related species