Red grapes planting method of garden planning
1.1, garden selection: red grapes vineyard should be built in the high organic matter content of sandy loam or loamy soil plots, PH value of neutral or slightly acidic, to avoid building in the low-lying stagnant water and the top quality of the sticky place, in the drainage and irrigation conditions, convenient transportation, electric facilities are available plots are appropriate.
1.2, road planning; according to the size of the grape area topography, planning out the main road, auxiliary roads, in order to facilitate the operation of the garden and commodity transportation.
1.3, water conservancy facilities, vineyards should be in line with the principle of water and electricity, irrigation canals, drainage ditches, planning and design, and vigorously implement the tube port and drip irrigation, to ensure that drought can be watered, flooding can be discharged.
1.4, rack to the design: grape rows to the arrangement of the most suitable for east-west direction, row spacing of 3 to 4 meters, racks to the north to climb, make full use of the east, south, west of the three aspects of the light, improve the quality of fruit. If there is no windbreak on the north side, it should be climbed to the south to avoid the attack of strong winds from the northwest. North-south narrow plot, must be used when the north-south direction, it is better to climb to the east.
1.5, trenching: generally in the fall and winter, the width and depth of the ditch is 70x80cm. digging the ditch to separate the topsoil from the subsoil single put. Pick out stones for backfilling.
1.6, backfill: fill in the bottom of the ditch should be filled with 20cm thick straw straw to be guillotined into 20cm long section, the second layer of 40cm thick earth manure mixture. The dosage of manure per 666 square meters 5000 kilograms, and to be fermented. From the ground level 20cm, the ditch sprinkled a layer of water retention agent, mu dosage of 1.5-2 kilograms, and its mixing, the top with plain soil filling. Use the bottom as a side ridge.
1.7 irrigation ditch and film: 10 days before planting seedlings for irrigation ditch, irrigation ditch is generally divided into two. The first time in the backfill to slightly below the ground when irrigation once, the second irrigation in the filling and ditch level once again. After the water seeped down the ditch to make a ridge about 5cm above the ground, the ridge should be all wet soil, soil should be fine, the surface should be flat. Then use the film to cover the ridge, and the two sides are compacted with soil. If the garden is built with fall seedlings, the planting will be done first and then the film will be covered.
1.8, planting: ① Seedling standards: should choose high-quality seedlings, autumn seedlings require by thick 0.5cm or more, wood, developed root system; green seedlings require three large leaves and a heart, normal root system, no pests and diseases.
②Planting time, autumn seedlings around April 10, green seedlings May 10 - 25 is appropriate.
3 row spacing; row spacing 3 - 4 meters, plant spacing 70 - 80cm, mu with seedlings 240 - 270.
④Planting method: fall seedlings in the film before planting, planted after the film, so that the seedlings through the film, seedlings around 20cm buried with soil; planting green seedlings with homemade hole punch according to the spacing in the film, the depth of the height of the same with the nutrient bag, the first nutrient bag at the lower end of the cut, put people in the hole. Watering a small amount of water, take the bag out, surrounded by the top squeeze, and then the seedlings around the 20cm range sealed with soil.
⑤ Rooting powder irrigation: one week after planting with 10ppm of No. 3 rooting powder pouring roots, the method is to peel the seedling stems around the upper, with the matching rooting powder liquid watering, each submerged in the drug armpit 7 two, service liquid seeped down the mulch after the sealing of the soil.
Red grapes planting method of trellis establishment
1, cement pole specifications, side column height 2.8m, center column height 2.5m, column side length 12x12cm, ground above the retention of 2 m. Side columns tilted outward at 30 degrees and set up ground anchors pulled tight.
2 shelf layout: row spacing 4 meters of the orchard, each shelf should be set up double rows of columns, spacing between columns 5m, 66 columns per acre; row spacing of 3 - 3.5 meters of the garden, can be set up in a row of columns, column spacing 3 - 4m, columns should be in the inner 30cm of the grapevine ridge, columns should be left and right rows of columns, to facilitate the pulling of the lead wire to set up a shelf. 2m, the side columns to the outside, the side columns to the outside of 30 degrees and set ground anchors. Retain 2m. side columns tilted outward 30 degrees and set the ground anchor tension.
2.2 Shelf layout: row spacing 4 meters of the orchard, each frame should be set up double rows of columns, columns between the spacing of 5m, 66 columns per acre; row spacing of 3 - 3.5 meters of the garden, can be set up in a row of columns, column spacing of 3-4m, the columns should be in the inner grapevine ridge 30cm, columns should be left and right rows of columns, to facilitate the pulling of the lead wire to set up shelf surface.
3 lead wire arrangement: the first year in the column from the ground up every 50cm tied a lead wire. Pull upward four, the next year in the top of the cement column horizontal pull lead wire, and then longitudinal every 50cm down the line to pull a lead wire, forming a 50 - 60cm net. When pulling the lead wire must pay attention to taut, so that the whole frame to form a force, in order to withstand the pressure of branches and leaves and fruits and strong phoenix attack.
Red grapes planting methods of productive cultivation technology
1 shaping and pruning:
① Characteristics of solo dragon stem. Cultivate a main vine from the base of the plant, extending in a straight line from the stand to the trellis, and arranging the main vine parallel to the main vine, resembling a "dragon trunk". The main vines are arranged in 25cm intervals with fruiting branch groups or fruiting mother branches, which resembles the "dragon's claw", hence the name.
②Dragon trunk training methods: the year of planting, from the ground to cultivate a main vine, growth to 70cm when centering, seedling growth is weak, can be centered at 50cm high to increase the thickness of the seedlings, above the ground 30cm or less of the secondary tip, from the base of the obliteration, more than 30cm of the secondary side of the slightly retained 3 leaves centering, on the extension of the vine to grow to 7 leaves and then centering, the following secondary tip treatment with the same In mid to late August, all new shoots are centered to control growth and increase lignification. Winter pruning according to the main vine thickness and maturity of the cut, the general requirements of the cut thickness of 1cm, not less than 0.8cm, cut about 1m. Roughness of 0.8cm or less, stay 3 - 5 buds flat stubble, the next spring after the buds sprouted at the mouth of the cut, choose to stay in a strong vine for the main vine, and remove the inflorescences on the main vine to reduce nutrient consumption, winter pruning to extend the tip of the cut length should be based on the thickness of the cut. Roughness of 1cm or more, cut the length of 2m or so, side vines according to every 25cm to stay a, and stay 2 - 3 buds short cut, the rest of the side vines are all thinned out. The main vine to stay four fruiting mother branch groups per meter. The whole shaping task is basically completed.
Winter pruning is mainly short pruning, fruiting mother branch retains the base of two buds cut. And pay attention to the training and renewal of fruiting branches, the growing season per square meter should stay 10 - 12 new tips.
The growing method of grape growing season management
2.1 branches and vines on the shelf
In the average daily temperature stabilized at 10 ℃ above the peach blossom, began to remove the cold-proof soil, the grapes will lead to vine on the shelf. After planting the next year on the shelf must be cultivated before a bending angle, that is, at the base of the main vine, down the line to the ground bent into a 45-degree angle, in order to facilitate the winter off the shelf down the line to one side of the ground buried, so as not to break the main vine.
2.2 wipe bud
Wiping buds in two. The first wiping buds at the beginning of sprouting, decide not to leave the tip of the part, such as the ground above 50cm within the buds, stunted buds, double buds, triple buds, can be wiped out at once. The second wipe in the first after 10 days or so, at this time you can see the neatness of sprouting, the sprouting of late weak buds. No growth space buds, parts of the inappropriate indeterminate buds and other timely erase, each fruiting mother branch to retain two buds, basically according to the length of the main vine per meter to stay 8 growth points. Each square meter of the shelf surface to retain 10 new shoots.
2.3 Thinning spikes
Thinning spikes is on the basis of wiping buds. It determines the layout of the branches, the fruit branch ratio and the yield of grapes. Thinning is carried out more than 20 days after the spread of leaves. At this time, the number and size of inflorescences have been seen on the new tips. Timely removal of over-dense branch tips, weak flower spikes, according to the branch-fruit ratio of 3:1, excess inflorescence thinning.
2.4 Summer management
Extension of the tip pruning: expanding the crown period, can be appropriate long put, when the length of 1.5 - 2m when centering, in order to make the branch as soon as possible to occupy the space, accelerate the shaping. Nutritional tips: growth to 10 - 12 leaves when centering, and later to extend the secondary tips to stay 2 - 3 leaves repeatedly centering, control growth. Fruiting tips: Because of the high fruiting rate of redti, you can leave 10 leaves after flowering and then centering, the fruit spike below the secondary tip early to remove, the fruit spike above the secondary tip to leave a leaf centering. Vice tip: because of the small redti leaves, the vice tip should be left 1 leaf drop heart, so that you can increase the leaf area, improve photosynthetic products, but also to inhibit the winter buds sprouting.
2.5 scientific fertilization
Fertilizer management in the year of planting: 10 days after planting, began to fertilize, in the distance from the seedling 20cm around the digging of 3 - 4 20cm deep pit. Per acre of 12 pounds of urea dissolved in 200 pounds of water into. late June, 15 pounds of urea per acre, 25 - 30cm from the seedling digging pits, into. mid-July, mid-August, twice per acre of 18, 20 pounds of fast-acting compound fertilizer or special fertilizers for grapes, and according to drought conditions and watering in a timely manner. Base fertilizer: after the grape harvest in the rows of grapes, from the seedling 40cm at the ditch, ditch width of 60cm, 70cm deep. 5000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre of organic fertilizer rotted, fully mixed with the soil, and add 100 kg of nitrogen. Phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer mulching and watering immediately. Fruiting period should be applied pure nitrogen 43.5 kg / mu, pure phosphorus 19.6 kg / mu, pure potassium 40.8 kg / mu, nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc should be 1: 0.5: 1. Fertilizer should be applied in the period before budding, before flowering. Fruit expansion period, fruit coloring, four times applied. Pre-primary to nitrogen fertilizer. Later to phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. In the growing period combined with dosing, before the beginning of July, sprayed 4 to 5 times 0.3% urea, after July, sprayed 4 - 5 times 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Throughout the growing season, you can spray 3000 times drop dead and 500 times Schlosser's Garden several times, which can obviously promote the growth of seedlings and improve the disease resistance of seedlings.
Red grapes planting methods of fruit and flower management
1 reasonable load, per 667 square meters of production control in 1500 kg, per square meter shelf surface to stay fruit 3 spikes, single steady weight 800 grams. The ratio of fruiting tips to nutrient tips is 1:3, with strong tips leaving 2 spikes, moderate tips leaving 1 spike, and weak tips leaving no spikes.
2 Spike shaping, pinch off 1/3 of the stable tip before flowering. thinning out the base of the spike 1 - 2 large branches, so that the spike is full and compact.
3 Thinning, the fruit about 10 days after the flower, timely thinning of poorly seated small grains. Each spike retains about 60 grains, which can make each fruit the same size, uniform coloring. Improve the commercial value of the fruit.
4 hormone treatment, 15 - 20 days after the blossom, after the thinning of the cob expansion agent treatment. Can dilute the expansion agent 100 times, with the liquid dipped in the cob, each grain must be fully drugged, generally increase the size of the grain 3 a 5 grams, the effect is very obvious.
5 bags, fruit grains to reach the size of beans that is about 20 days after the flower, will be treated by the expansion agent grains first sprayed with 1000 times of metribuzin, liquid dry with homemade newspaper bags, will be set on the cob, picking the fruit before the calendar day to remove the bag, can avoid the cob by the pests and diseases, can improve the commerciality.
6 drops of leaves, paving reflective film, after picking the bag under the shelf, paving reflective film, and remove the leaves around the cob, so that the cob, the fruit grains are fully colored, and can improve the sugar content of the fruit grains, so that the berry color, aroma and taste.
Red grapes planting method of pest control
This variety is susceptible to mildew, white rot, black pox. Prevention and control should be prevention-oriented. Integrated control. After the seedlings come out on in the spring, spray a 5 degrees of stone sulfide, kill the overwintering germs, reduce the base of the germs.
New shoots grow to 20cm to pre-flowering spray 1--2 times 1000 times metribuzin or 500 times dicenmanganese zinc to prevent and control black pox, leaf spot disease, gray mold, 40% of the oxalic acid, to prevent and control the green stinkbugs. Spraying 500 times Chlorothalonil once 5 days after flowering to control black pox disease is more effective.
Growing period, generally every 10 days with a drug, the main control of mildew, white rot, anthracnose. Gray mold, the main choice: 600 times Redomil, 400 times Ruiduo mold, 500 times Dyson manganese zinc, 1: 0.5: 200 times Bordeaux liquid, 1000 times the effect of fung rice is very obvious. Into the rainy season, attention should be paid to the use of systemic fungicides and protective fungicides alternately, leaf surface, leaf back evenly, thoughtful and meticulous, to do before the rain to spray, and then spray in order to receive good results, in addition to strengthen the cultivation management, increase the application of organic fertilizers and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Reasonable fruit retention, overloading is strictly prohibited. Shelf air ventilation and light, enhance the leaf disease resistance.
Red grapes planting method of cold
Cold prevention using mulch buried trailing method, the time should be selected in the winter shearing to the soil before freezing, the method is: after the winter shearing to remove the garden dead branches, leaves and 3 degrees of stone sulfur synthropoxide for the disinfection of seedlings and frame material. Pressure strip mulching soil in the base of the seedlings with soil to do soil pillow, along the ridge to overwhelm the seedlings, from 1 meter away from the roots of the fine soil will be taken from the seedlings covered with a tight cover, buried on the thickness should be higher than the seedlings 20cm thick, prohibited the use of soil buried soil to prevent the cold, so as not to wind because of the gap in the soil, so that the seedling art wind drying occurs. After completing the burial of strips of soil between the rows to take the ditch to fill in, so as not to freeze the root system. Finally between the rows of watering a frost water, watering should be watered thoroughly, and check at any time in the future. Buried in time when the cracks on the mulch repair, to ensure the safety of seedlings over winter.
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